The knowledge graph has the characteristic of visualizing structural knowledge and has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of TCM diagnosis and treatment.This article reviewed the development trend and construction techniques of knowledge graph,summarized its application status in the field of TCM diagnosis and treatment,and provided a comprehensive review from the aspects of basic knowledge of TCM,inheritance of experience of renowned doctors,TCM question answering systems,and exploration of auxiliary decision-making.It also summarized the problems of knowledge graph technology in solving the informationization and intelligence process of TCM,and discussed and prospect the research and application directions of knowledge graph in the field of informationization and intelligence of TCM based on the characteristics of TCM knowledge.

Objective:To assess the current status of geriatrics department development in public general hospitals at or above the second grade in Shandong province.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 27 to November 3, 2023 using a web-based electronic questionnaire to investigate the current status of geriatrics department development in all public general hospitals at or above the second grade across 16 prefecture-level cities in Shandong province.The survey included participation from medical department staff and managers of geriatric medicine departments.Results:Shandong province has 355 public general hospitals at or above the second grade, of which 337 completed the questionnaire.Among these 337 hospitals, 92.28%(311/337)have established geriatric departments, 83.09%(280/337)have set up geriatric clinics, 69.14%(233/337)have independent geriatric wards, and 71.51%(241/337)have implemented comprehensive geriatric assessments(CGA).Regarding the configuration of geriatric departments, 60.24%(203/337)of hospitals met the requirement of having at least 20 ward beds, 34.42%(116/337)met the doctor-to-bed ratio requirement of at least 0.3, and 22.26%(75/337)met the nurse-to-bed ratio requirement of at least 0.6.Only 13 hospitals met all the requirements for geriatric wards, beds, doctors, and nurses, accounting for 3.86%(13/337)of the participating hospitals.Conclusions:The establishment of geriatrics departments in second-grade or higher public general hospitals in Shandong province has surpassed the national target in China ahead of schedule.Most hospitals have established geriatric clinics and wards and have implemented CGA.However, significant challenges remain, including a shortage of ward beds and a lack of medical staff.

Objective Develop a general patient-reported outcome(PRO)measure for cancer patients,which will be suitable for Chinese demographic characteristics.It can reflect disease burden from patients' perspective.Methods Theoretical framework of the PRO measure was constructed according to the PRO guide draft.The initial version of the PRO measure was formed after literature search,experts' consultation,and recognition tests of patients.The pre-survey and formal survey were conducted respectively in provincial,municipal,county level hospitals.Items were screened by the combination of classical test theory and item response theory.Its reliability,validity and feasibility were analyzed.The minimal detectable change of three domains were estimated using a distribution-based methods.Results A total of 2213 valid questionnaires were collected.The demographic data of cancer patients and non-cancer patients were comparable(P＞0.05).19 items were deleted after classical test theory.Item responsiveness of four disease systems were analyzed by the Bayesian item response theory.Four items were deleted.The formal PRO measure included 4 domains,13 dimensions and 49 items.And its reliability,validity and feasibility results met the expected criteria.The minimal detectable change in physiological,psychological and social domains were 5.63,3.42 and 4.16,respectively.Conclusion The general PRO measure for cancer patients was reliable and feasible.The tool can effectively measure and evaluate the quality of life for cancer patients.

Oligodendrocytes(OLs)play a crucial role in the central nervous system,and the myelin sheath formed by them is essential for maintaining the normal function of the nervous system.Damage to the myelin sheath can trigger various nervous system diseases,which seriously affect the quality of life of patients.Clemastine,a traditional antihistamine,has shown certain potential in"repurposing old drugs"in recent years and can promote the repair of myelin sheath.This article summarizes the role of clemastine in regulating the differentiation,maturation,senescence,and apoptosis of OLs at multiple levels by acting on receptors on the OL membrane and regulat-ing the key signaling pathways in cells and epigenetic modifications in the nucleus.A deeper understanding of the mechanism of action of clemastine in OLs can help to provide new targets and new approaches for drug treatment of myelin-degenerative diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between mechanical power normalized to dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn-MP) and weaning outcomes and prognosis in mechanically ventilated patients. METHODS: A prospective, observational cohort study was conducted. Patients who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) for more than 24 hours and used a T-tube ventilation strategy for extubation in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Lianyungang First People's Hospital and Lianyungang Second People's Hospital between January 2022 and December 2023 were enrolled. The collected data encompassed patients' baseline characteristics, primary causes of ICU admission, vital signs and laboratory indicators during the initial spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), respiratory mechanics parameters within the 4-hour period prior to the SBT, weaning outcomes and prognostic indicators. Mechanical power (MP) and Cdyn-MP were calculated using a simplified MP equation. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were utilized to determine the independent risk factors associated with weaning failure in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis and Spearman rank-sum test were employed to investigate the correlation between Cdyn-MP and weaning outcomes as well as prognosis. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was constructed, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was computed to evaluate the predictive accuracy of Cdyn-MP for weaning outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients. RESULTS: A total of 366 patients undergoing IMV were enrolled in this study, with 243 cases classified as successful weaning and 123 cases classified as failed weaning. Among them, 23 patients underwent re-intubation within 48 hours after the successful withdrawal of the first SBT, non-invasive ventilation, or died. Compared with the successful weaning group, the patients in the failed weaning group had significantly increased levels of sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, body temperature and respiratory rate (RR) during SBT, and respiratory mechanical parameters within the 4-hour period prior to the SBT [ventilation frequency, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), platform pressure (Pplat), peak inspiratory pressure (Ppeak), dynamic driving pressure (ΔPaw), fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂), MP, and Cdyn-MP], dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) was significantly reduced, and duration of IMV, ICU length of stay, and total length of hospital stay were significantly prolonged. However, there were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking history, main causes of ICU admission, other vital signs [heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO₂)] and laboratory indicators [white blood cell count (WBC), albumin (Alb), serum creatinine (SCr)] during SBT of patients between the two groups. Univariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted, and variables with P < 0.05 and no multicollinearity with Cdyn-MP were selected for inclusion in the multivariate Logistic regression model. The results demonstrated that SOFA score [odds ratio (OR) = 1.081, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.008-1.160, P = 0.030], and PEEP (OR = 1.191, 95%CI was 1.075-1.329, P = 0.001), FiO₂ (OR = 1.035, 95%CI was 1.006-1.068, P = 0.021) and Cdyn-MP (OR = 1.190, 95%CI was 1.086-1.309, P < 0.001) within the 4-hour period prior to the SBT were independent risk factors for weaning failure in patients undergoing IMV. The RCS analysis after adjusting for confounding factors showed that as Cdyn-MP within the 4-hour period prior to the SBT increased, the risk of weaning failure in patients undergoing IMV significantly increased (P < 0.001). The Spearman rank correlation test showed that Cdyn-MP within the 4-hour period prior to the SBT was positively correlated with respiratory mechanical parameters including ΔPaw and MP (r values were 0.773 and 0.865, both P < 0.01), and negatively correlated with Cdyn (r = -0.587, P < 0.01). Cdyn-MP within the 4-hour period prior to the SBT was positively correlated with prognostic indicators such as duration of IMV, length of ICU stay, and total length of hospital stay (r values were 0.295, 0.196, and 0.120, all P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that, within the 4-hour period preceding the SBT, Cdyn-MP, MP, Cdyn, and ΔPaw possessed predictive value for weaning failure in patients undergoing IMV. Notably, Cdyn-MP exhibited superior predictive capability, evidenced by an AUC of 0.761, with a 95%CI ranging from 0.712 to 0.810 (P < 0.001). At the optimal cut-off value of 408.5 J/min×cmH₂O/mL×10^-3, the sensitivity was 68.29%, and the specificity was 71.19%. CONCLUSION Cdyn-MP is related to weaning outcomes and prognosis in mechanically ventilated patients, and has good predictive ability in assessing the risk of weaning failure.
Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Ventilator Weaning ; Prognosis ; Respiration, Artificial ; Intensive Care Units ; Lung Compliance ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Aged

Objective Develop a general patient-reported outcome(PRO)measure for cancer patients,which will be suitable for Chinese demographic characteristics.It can reflect disease burden from patients' perspective.Methods Theoretical framework of the PRO measure was constructed according to the PRO guide draft.The initial version of the PRO measure was formed after literature search,experts' consultation,and recognition tests of patients.The pre-survey and formal survey were conducted respectively in provincial,municipal,county level hospitals.Items were screened by the combination of classical test theory and item response theory.Its reliability,validity and feasibility were analyzed.The minimal detectable change of three domains were estimated using a distribution-based methods.Results A total of 2213 valid questionnaires were collected.The demographic data of cancer patients and non-cancer patients were comparable(P＞0.05).19 items were deleted after classical test theory.Item responsiveness of four disease systems were analyzed by the Bayesian item response theory.Four items were deleted.The formal PRO measure included 4 domains,13 dimensions and 49 items.And its reliability,validity and feasibility results met the expected criteria.The minimal detectable change in physiological,psychological and social domains were 5.63,3.42 and 4.16,respectively.Conclusion The general PRO measure for cancer patients was reliable and feasible.The tool can effectively measure and evaluate the quality of life for cancer patients.

The knowledge graph has the characteristic of visualizing structural knowledge and has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of TCM diagnosis and treatment.This article reviewed the development trend and construction techniques of knowledge graph,summarized its application status in the field of TCM diagnosis and treatment,and provided a comprehensive review from the aspects of basic knowledge of TCM,inheritance of experience of renowned doctors,TCM question answering systems,and exploration of auxiliary decision-making.It also summarized the problems of knowledge graph technology in solving the informationization and intelligence process of TCM,and discussed and prospect the research and application directions of knowledge graph in the field of informationization and intelligence of TCM based on the characteristics of TCM knowledge.

Objective:To assess the current status of geriatrics department development in public general hospitals at or above the second grade in Shandong province.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 27 to November 3, 2023 using a web-based electronic questionnaire to investigate the current status of geriatrics department development in all public general hospitals at or above the second grade across 16 prefecture-level cities in Shandong province.The survey included participation from medical department staff and managers of geriatric medicine departments.Results:Shandong province has 355 public general hospitals at or above the second grade, of which 337 completed the questionnaire.Among these 337 hospitals, 92.28%(311/337)have established geriatric departments, 83.09%(280/337)have set up geriatric clinics, 69.14%(233/337)have independent geriatric wards, and 71.51%(241/337)have implemented comprehensive geriatric assessments(CGA).Regarding the configuration of geriatric departments, 60.24%(203/337)of hospitals met the requirement of having at least 20 ward beds, 34.42%(116/337)met the doctor-to-bed ratio requirement of at least 0.3, and 22.26%(75/337)met the nurse-to-bed ratio requirement of at least 0.6.Only 13 hospitals met all the requirements for geriatric wards, beds, doctors, and nurses, accounting for 3.86%(13/337)of the participating hospitals.Conclusions:The establishment of geriatrics departments in second-grade or higher public general hospitals in Shandong province has surpassed the national target in China ahead of schedule.Most hospitals have established geriatric clinics and wards and have implemented CGA.However, significant challenges remain, including a shortage of ward beds and a lack of medical staff.

Objective:To describe the current situation of mental health service utilization of community pa-tients with five mental disorders in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and provide reference for health education and formulating relevant policies.Methods:The multistage stratified sampling method with unequal probability was used to select a total of 12 315 community residents aged 18 and over in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Using Composite International Diagnostic Interview,mood disorders,anxiety disorders,substance use disorders,intermit-tent explosive disorders,and eating disorders,and health service utilization were investigated.Descriptive statistics was completed by single factor analysis method.Results:The lifetime rates of consultation and treatment of any mental disorder were 18.7％and 10.2％,respectively.The highest proportion of patients received treatment by non-medical professionals was 31.4％,followed by psychiatrists in psychiatric hospital or psychologists in general hospitals.Among the patients,1.1％of them received medication,and 2.5％received psychotherapy.Conclusion:The utilization rate of mental health services in community patients with five mental disorders is relatively low.It is necessary to conduct health education for medical help seeking properly.

Objective To investigate the characteristics and rules of tongue image in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome(CFS)with different fatigue degree.Methods Totally 917 patients with severe chronic fatigue syndrome(severe CFS group),351 patients with mild chronic fatigue syndrome(mild CFS group)and 1216 healthy controls(healthy control group)were enrolled in the physical examination center of Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The tongue image data of subjects in the three groups were collected using TFDA-1 digital tongue and face diagnostic instrument,and the color space indexes of RGB,HSI,Lab and YCrCb were used to analyze the tongue image differences of CFS people with different fatigue degrees and the tongue image features of CFS patients with liver-qi stagnation syndrome,damp-heat stasis syndrome and spleen deficiency syndrome.Results Compared with the healthy control group,the tongue image indexes TB-R,TB-G,TB-B,TB-I,TB-L,TB-Y,TC-H,TC-I,TC-L and TC-Y increased in the severe CFS group;TB-S,TB-a,TC-S,TC-a,TC-Cr decreased(P<0.05).TB-R,TB-G,TB-B,TB-I,TB-L,TB-Y,TC-R,TC-G,TC-B,TC-I,TC-L and TC-Y increased in severe CFS group compared with mild CFS group.TB-H and TB-b increased in mild CFS group compared with healthy control group.The comparison of syndromes in severe CFS group showed that TB-a,TB-Cr,TC-S,TC-a,TC-Cr and TB-S increased in liver-qi stagnation syndrome compared to damp-heat stasis syndrome;TB-G,TB-B,TB-I,TB-L,TB-Y,TB-b,TB-Cb,TC-G,TC-B,TC-H,TC-I,TC-L,TC-Y and perAll decreased(P<0.05).Compared with spleen deficiency syndrome,TB-a,TB-Cr,TB-CON,TB-ENT,TB-MEAN,TC-a,TC-Cr,TC-CON,TC-ENT,TC-MEAN increased in liver-qi stagnation syndrome;TB-ASM,TC-S and TC-ASM decreased(P<0.05).Compared with spleen deficiency syndrome,TB-a,TB-b,TB-Cr,TB-Cb,TB-CON,TB-ENT,TB-MEAN,TC-G,TC-B,TC-H,TC-I,TC-L,TC-a,TC-Y,TC-Cr,TC-CON,TC-ENT,TC-MEAN,perAll increased;TB-ASM,TC-S and TC-ASM decreased(P<0.05).The comparison of mild CFS syndrome showed that there was no statistical significance between liver-qi stagnation syndrome and spleen deficiency syndrome(P>0.05).TB-Cr,TC-a,TC-Cr and perAll increased and TC-S decreased in damp-heat stasis syndrome compared with spleen deficiency syndrome(P<0.05).TB-S,TB-a,TB-Cr,TC-S,TC-a,TC-Cr increased,and TB-G,TB-B,TB-I,TB-Cb,TB-b,TC-b and TC-Cb decreased(P<0.05)in liver-qi stagnation syndrome compared with damp-heat syndrome.The distribution trend of TC-S was as follows:dampness-heat syndrome