AIM: To explore the control effects of wearing orthokeratology lens for 1 a on adolescent myopia patients with different diopters.METHODS: Prospective non-randomized controlled study. A total of 120 adolescent myopic patients(224 eyes), with an average age of 11.00±2.08 years old, who were fitted with orthokeratology lenses in the optometry department of our hospital from November 2022 to May 2023 were collected. There were 3 groups according to the spherical equivalent, including 86 eyes in the group of -0.50--2.00 D, 99 eyes in the group -2.25--4.00 D, and 39 eyes in group -4.25--6.00 D. Patients were followed up for 1 a to observe the changes of uncorrected visual acuity, axial length, corneal curvature, corneal central thickness and corneal endothelial cells density in the three groups after wearing lens for 1 a.RESULTS:A total of 113 cases(212 eyes)were followed up for 1 a, including 82 eyes in the group of -0.50--2.00 D, 95 eyes in the group of -2.25--4.00 D, and 35 eyes in the group of -4.25--6.00 D. There was no statistical difference in corneal central thickness and corneal endothelial cell density among the three groups of patients after wearing lens for 1 a(all P>0.05). Uncorrected visual acuity was significantly improved, and flat kerotometry(FK)and steep kerotometry(SK)were significantly flatter(both P<0.01). Furthermore, the growth of axial length in the three groups of patients after wearing lens for 1 a was 0.21±0.26, 0.13±0.21 and 0.09±0.10 mm, respectively(P<0.05). There were differences between the -0.50--2.00 D group and the -2.25--4.00 D group and -4.25--6.00 D group(P=0.028, 0.010), and there were no differences between the -2.25--4.00 D group and the -4.25--6.00 D group(P=0.344).CONCLUSION:It is safe and effective for young myopia patients to wear orthokeratology lenses, which can prevent the non-benign growth of the axial length and effectively delay the development of myopia, and the myopia control effect is better especially for myopia patients of above -2.0 D.

Objective:To explore the effects of mechanical ventilation（MV）at birth transition on lung pathophysiology and pathobiology in a very preterm animal model.Methods:Based on the model of respiratory distress syndrome（RDS）in very preterm rabbits at gestational age 26（term 31）days well established by the research group using perinatal medication and lung-protective ventilation strategies（very low tidal volume 1-3 mL/kg），we conducted a secondary data analysis. The studied rabbits were re-grouped according to the MV length（≤3 h，3-6 h，6-9 h，9-12 h，and >12 h）. The changes in lung mechanics，histopathology，phospholipid biochemistry，and mRNA relative expression of inflammatory/growth factor in lung tissue were evaluated over the time course of MV. The trend of each variable was tested by ANOVA trend test（ F trend）and Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test（ J-T value）with corresponding P value. Results:With the prolonged MV length，there was improved mean dynamic compliance of respiratory system（ F trend=16.722， P trend<0.001），along with decreased mean peak inspiratory pressure（ F trend =42.226， P trend<0.001）. The content of total phospholipids，disaturated phosphatidylcholine（ J-T=1 222，1 197， P trend=0.018，0.034，respectively）and total protein（ J-T=1 247 ，P trend= 0.009）in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid gradually increased. The wet lung weight in the ≤3 h group was significantly higher than in the other groups（ F=6.819， P<0.001）. The lung injury score（total，or hemorrhage，or inflammation）had progressive exacerbation in the ≤3 h，3-6 h and 6-9 h groups. The lung tissue mRNA expression of major proinflammatory cytokines increased modestly over the time groups in contrast to decreased expression of growth factors，of which the change of keratinocyte growth factor reached statistical significance（ J-T=531， P trend =0.034）. Conclusion:In the 26-day very preterm rabbits，with prolonged MV time，the content of surfactant phospholipid in the alveolar increased gradually，the lung compliance and lung fluid clearance gradually improved. Nevertheless，ventilator-induced lung injury remained evolving. The study warrants further study on the pathogenesis and protective strategies of early postnatal acute lung injury and chronic lung disease.

Occupational heavy metal exposure has become a critical issue in China's high-quality economic development within the field of occupational health. Current occupational exposure now extends beyond traditional contaminants like lead and mercury to include emerging materials such as rare earth elements, forming a dual pollution pattern that combines both conventional and novel pollutants. These substances can damage multiple bodily systems including the nervous and respiratory systems, imposing significant disease burdens on working populations. This paper examines the mechanisms of traditional heavy metals' toxicity, highlighting their distinct indirect neurotoxic effects compared to previous understanding. It analyzes exposure pathways and multi-system toxicological effects of rare earth elements, clarifying current gaps in their toxicology research and standardization efforts while identifying future research directions. The study aims to provide theoretical references for improving occupational heavy metal exposure prevention systems, thereby laying the foundation for safeguarding workers' health and addressing new challenges in modern occupational health.

Heavy metals are common occupational hazards that can enter the human body through ingestion, skin contact, and inhalation, damaging various systems including the nervous system and causing a serious disease burden. Numerous studies have shown that heavy metal-induced neurotoxicity is closely linked to intestinal flora imbalance, with exposure to heavy metals leading to a reduction in the diversity of intestinal flora and a decrease in beneficial intestinal bacteria. Due to their few adverse reactions and significant health-regulating effects, probiotics and their formulations are widely used. Supplementing probiotics can alleviate heavy metal-induced neurotoxicity by modulating intestinal flora and their metabolites, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, and adsorbing heavy metal ions to facilitate their excretion. This article takes four common heavy metals, namely lead, mercury, cadmium and manganese, as examples to review the role of intestinal flora imbalance in the neurotoxicity of heavy metals and the mechanism and application of probiotic intervention treatment, aiming to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of heavy metal neurotoxicity and explore the potential mechanism and application value of probiotic intervention.

Objective To evaluate the impact of lens capsule diameter and capsular tension ring(CTR)fit on the ro-tational stability and visual function of Toric intraocular lenses(IOLs)in patients with high myopia cataract after surgery,and to explore the main influencing factors.Methods A prospective study included 100 eyes of patients with high myopia(axial length≥26 mm)who underwent phacoemulsification cataract extraction combined with Toric IOL implantation at the Cataract Department of Hebei Eye Hospital from September 2023 to March 2024.Based on the ratio of the capsule equivalent diameter measured by anterior segment OCT(CASIA2)to the standard diameter of CTR,the eyes were divided into the matched group(ratio of 0.8-1.2)and the unmatched group.Follow-up was conducted at 1 week,1 month,3 months,6 months,and 12 months postoperatively to observe the rotation angle of Toric IOL,residual astigmatism,uncor-rected visual acuity,and other indicators.Safety was assessed based on intraoperative and postoperative complications.Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to explore the impact of capsule-CTR fit,corneal astigmatism,axial length,and other factors on Toric IOL rotation and postoperative refractive status.Results The mean IOL rotation angle at each postoperative time point in the matched group was significantly smaller than that in the unmatched group,with statistically significant differences between groups at different time points(all P＜0.05).The matched group showed better stability in IOL decentration distance and tilt angle.At 12 months postoperatively,the residual astigmatism in the matched group was(0.53±0.29)D,which was better than that in the unmatched group(0.71±0.34)D(P=0.08).The matched group also had more significant improvement in uncorrected visual acuity and higher subjective visual quality scores.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that capsule-CTR fit and preoperative corneal astigmatism were the main independent factors affecting the rotation angle of Toric IOL(R2=0.52)and residual astigmatism(R2=0.46).Conclu-sion For patients with high myopia cataract,precise capsule-CTR matching based on CASIA2 measurement helps improve the rotational stability of Toric IOLs,reduce residual astigmatism,and enhance postoperative visual quality.Personalized CTR model selection is worth promoting and applying.

Objective To evaluate the impact of lens capsule diameter and capsular tension ring(CTR)fit on the ro-tational stability and visual function of Toric intraocular lenses(IOLs)in patients with high myopia cataract after surgery,and to explore the main influencing factors.Methods A prospective study included 100 eyes of patients with high myopia(axial length≥26 mm)who underwent phacoemulsification cataract extraction combined with Toric IOL implantation at the Cataract Department of Hebei Eye Hospital from September 2023 to March 2024.Based on the ratio of the capsule equivalent diameter measured by anterior segment OCT(CASIA2)to the standard diameter of CTR,the eyes were divided into the matched group(ratio of 0.8-1.2)and the unmatched group.Follow-up was conducted at 1 week,1 month,3 months,6 months,and 12 months postoperatively to observe the rotation angle of Toric IOL,residual astigmatism,uncor-rected visual acuity,and other indicators.Safety was assessed based on intraoperative and postoperative complications.Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to explore the impact of capsule-CTR fit,corneal astigmatism,axial length,and other factors on Toric IOL rotation and postoperative refractive status.Results The mean IOL rotation angle at each postoperative time point in the matched group was significantly smaller than that in the unmatched group,with statistically significant differences between groups at different time points(all P＜0.05).The matched group showed better stability in IOL decentration distance and tilt angle.At 12 months postoperatively,the residual astigmatism in the matched group was(0.53±0.29)D,which was better than that in the unmatched group(0.71±0.34)D(P=0.08).The matched group also had more significant improvement in uncorrected visual acuity and higher subjective visual quality scores.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that capsule-CTR fit and preoperative corneal astigmatism were the main independent factors affecting the rotation angle of Toric IOL(R2=0.52)and residual astigmatism(R2=0.46).Conclu-sion For patients with high myopia cataract,precise capsule-CTR matching based on CASIA2 measurement helps improve the rotational stability of Toric IOLs,reduce residual astigmatism,and enhance postoperative visual quality.Personalized CTR model selection is worth promoting and applying.

Occupational heavy metal exposure has become a critical issue in China's high-quality economic development within the field of occupational health. Current occupational exposure now extends beyond traditional contaminants like lead and mercury to include emerging materials such as rare earth elements, forming a dual pollution pattern that combines both conventional and novel pollutants. These substances can damage multiple bodily systems including the nervous and respiratory systems, imposing significant disease burdens on working populations. This paper examines the mechanisms of traditional heavy metals' toxicity, highlighting their distinct indirect neurotoxic effects compared to previous understanding. It analyzes exposure pathways and multi-system toxicological effects of rare earth elements, clarifying current gaps in their toxicology research and standardization efforts while identifying future research directions. The study aims to provide theoretical references for improving occupational heavy metal exposure prevention systems, thereby laying the foundation for safeguarding workers' health and addressing new challenges in modern occupational health.

Heavy metals are common occupational hazards that can enter the human body through ingestion, skin contact, and inhalation, damaging various systems including the nervous system and causing a serious disease burden. Numerous studies have shown that heavy metal-induced neurotoxicity is closely linked to intestinal flora imbalance, with exposure to heavy metals leading to a reduction in the diversity of intestinal flora and a decrease in beneficial intestinal bacteria. Due to their few adverse reactions and significant health-regulating effects, probiotics and their formulations are widely used. Supplementing probiotics can alleviate heavy metal-induced neurotoxicity by modulating intestinal flora and their metabolites, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, and adsorbing heavy metal ions to facilitate their excretion. This article takes four common heavy metals, namely lead, mercury, cadmium and manganese, as examples to review the role of intestinal flora imbalance in the neurotoxicity of heavy metals and the mechanism and application of probiotic intervention treatment, aiming to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of heavy metal neurotoxicity and explore the potential mechanism and application value of probiotic intervention.

Objective:To explore the effects of mechanical ventilation（MV）at birth transition on lung pathophysiology and pathobiology in a very preterm animal model.Methods:Based on the model of respiratory distress syndrome（RDS）in very preterm rabbits at gestational age 26（term 31）days well established by the research group using perinatal medication and lung-protective ventilation strategies（very low tidal volume 1-3 mL/kg），we conducted a secondary data analysis. The studied rabbits were re-grouped according to the MV length（≤3 h，3-6 h，6-9 h，9-12 h，and >12 h）. The changes in lung mechanics，histopathology，phospholipid biochemistry，and mRNA relative expression of inflammatory/growth factor in lung tissue were evaluated over the time course of MV. The trend of each variable was tested by ANOVA trend test（ F trend）and Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test（ J-T value）with corresponding P value. Results:With the prolonged MV length，there was improved mean dynamic compliance of respiratory system（ F trend=16.722， P trend<0.001），along with decreased mean peak inspiratory pressure（ F trend =42.226， P trend<0.001）. The content of total phospholipids，disaturated phosphatidylcholine（ J-T=1 222，1 197， P trend=0.018，0.034，respectively）and total protein（ J-T=1 247 ，P trend= 0.009）in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid gradually increased. The wet lung weight in the ≤3 h group was significantly higher than in the other groups（ F=6.819， P<0.001）. The lung injury score（total，or hemorrhage，or inflammation）had progressive exacerbation in the ≤3 h，3-6 h and 6-9 h groups. The lung tissue mRNA expression of major proinflammatory cytokines increased modestly over the time groups in contrast to decreased expression of growth factors，of which the change of keratinocyte growth factor reached statistical significance（ J-T=531， P trend =0.034）. Conclusion:In the 26-day very preterm rabbits，with prolonged MV time，the content of surfactant phospholipid in the alveolar increased gradually，the lung compliance and lung fluid clearance gradually improved. Nevertheless，ventilator-induced lung injury remained evolving. The study warrants further study on the pathogenesis and protective strategies of early postnatal acute lung injury and chronic lung disease.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of ferroptosis in diquat-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and its molecular mechanisms. METHODS: Transgenic zebrafish models with Tg (Eco.Tshb:EGFP) labeling of the renal tubules and Tg (lyz:dsRed2) labeling of the neutrophils were both divided into control group, gentamicin (positive control) group, diquat poisoning group, ferroptosis inhibitor group. The indicators of kidney injury, inflammatory response, and ferroptosis were examined in the zebrafish, and the changes in expressions of voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (VDAC1) and mitochondrial ferritin (FTMT) were detected using Western blotting. RESULTS: AKI induced by diquat exhibited a significant dose-effect relationship, and the severity of injury was proportional to the exposure concentration. Diquat also caused marked oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in the zebrafish models. Rhodamine metabolism assay and HE staining revealed significantly declined glomerular filtration function of the zebrafish as diquat exposure concentration increased. Immunofluorescence staining highlighted significant changes in the expressions of ferroptosis markers GPX4 and FTH1 in zebrafish renal tissues following diquat exposure. In diquat-exposed zebrafish, treatment with ferrostatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, obviously upregulated GPX4 and downregulated FTH1 expressions and improved the metabolic rate of glucan labeled with rhodamine B. Diquat exposure significantly upregulated the expression of VDAC1 and FTMT in zebrafish, and the application of ferrostatin-1 and VBIT-12 (a VDAC1 inhibitor) both caused pronounced downregulation of FTMT expression. CONCLUSIONS Ferroptosis is a critical mechanism underlying diquat-induced AKI, in which VDAC1 and FTMT play important regulatory roles, suggesting their potential as therapeutic target for AKI caused by diquat.
Animals ; Zebrafish ; Ferroptosis/drug effects* ; Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced* ; Diquat/toxicity* ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1/metabolism* ; Ferritins/metabolism* ; Oxidative Stress