Objective To analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of influenza A(H3N2) in Tangshan City, Hebei Province, from 2023 to 2025, and to provide a scientific basis for precise prevention and control of local influenza. Methods The influenza-like cases and influenza outbreak cases in the influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Tangshan City from January 2023 to December 2025 were included in this study. The clinical characteristics and epidemic characteristics of H3N2 influenza patients were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods and chi-square test. Results A total of 11 567 influenza case samples were tested in the study, with a positive rate of 9.34% (1 080/11 567). Influenza A (H3N2) remained the predominant circulating subtype throughout the study period. January 2023 to February 2023 marked the tailing end of the previous season’s H3N2. Then, a minor peak dominated by H1N1 occurred from March to June, and H3N2 circulated again from October to December, peaking in December. From September 2024 to December 2024, H1N1 and H3N2 circulated concurrently, with H3N2 as the dominant strain, peaking in January of the following year. From March 2025 to September 2025, influenza activity remained at low level, and activity began to rise in October, with H1N1 peaking in November before declining, and H3N2 becoming the dominant strain in December. H3N2 mainly occurred in the 5-14 years old group. Cases in the 0–4-year-old group were primarily characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms, with high fever being common. Cases in the 5–59-year-old group were primarily characterized by systemic and respiratory symptoms, with better clinical outcomes. Cases aged 60 and older exhibited the highest rates of hospitalization, severe illness, and incidence of complications. Conclusion From 2023 to 2025, the influenza virus in Tangshan City, Hebei Province is dominated by influenza A (H3N2). The epidemic is characterized by a peak incidence during autumn and winter, co-circulation with H1N1, and fluctuations during the peak period. It is necessary to pay attention to the clinical management and prevention and control of influenza A (H3N2) in infants and the elderly.

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory airway disease and intermittent hypoxia is increasingly recognized as a factor that may impact disease progression. The present study investigated whether intermittent hypoxia (IH) could aggravate asthma by promoting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3)/interleukin (IL)-1β-dependent pyroptosis and the inflammatory response and further elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS: A total of 49 patients diagnosed with severe bronchial asthma and diagnosed by polysomnography were enrolled at Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, between January 2022 and December 2022, and their general data and induced sputum were collected. BEAS-2B cells were treated with IL-13 and subjected to IH. An ovalbumin (OVA)-treated mouse model was also used to assess the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on asthma. Pyroptosis, the inflammatory response, and related signalling pathways were assessed in vivo and in vitro . RESULTS: In this study, as the apnoea and hypopnea index (AHI) increased, the proportion of patients with uncontrolled asthma increased. The proportions of neutrophils and the levels of IL-6, IL-8, HIF-1α and NLRP3 in induced sputum were related to the AHI. NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis, which could be mediated by the HIF-1α signalling pathway, was activated in IL-13 plus IH-treated BEAS-2B cells and in the lungs of OVA/CIH mice. HIF-1α downregulation significantly reduced lung pyroptosis and ameliorated neutrophil inflammation by modulating the NLRP3/IL-1β pathway both in vitro and in vivo . Similarly, pretreatment with LW6, an inhibitor of HIF-1α, effectively blocked the generation of inflammatory cytokines in neutrophils. In addition, administration of the NLRP3 activator nigericin obviously increased lung neutrophil inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a risk factor for asthma exacerbation. IH aggravates neutrophil inflammation in asthma via NLRP3/IL-1β-dependent pyroptosis mediated by the HIF-1α signalling pathway, which should be considered a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of asthma with OSAHS.
NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism* ; Humans ; Asthma/metabolism* ; Animals ; Pyroptosis/physiology* ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism* ; Mice ; Signal Transduction/physiology* ; Male ; Hypoxia/metabolism* ; Female ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism* ; Adult ; Inflammation/metabolism* ; Middle Aged ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

Objective To observe the effect of Selinexor(SEL)combined with Imatinib(IM)on the proliferation and apoptosis of Imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia K562/G01(KG)cells and explore the possible mechanisms.Methods K562 cells and KG cells were treated with SEL or IM respectively or in combination.Cells viability was examined by MTT assay.Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry.BCR-ABL mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.XPO1 was detected by Western blotting.Results IM and SEL both inhibited the proliferation of K562 cells and KG cells;half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)for 48 h was 0.16 μmol/L vs.6.48 μmol/L for IM and 132.0 nmol/L vs.275.9 nmol/L for SEL.Compared with SEL or IM alone,SEL combined with IM significantly inhibited the proliferation of KG cells(P＜0.05),induced KG cells apoptosis(P＜0.05),downregulated the levels of BCR-ABL mRNA(P＜0.05),and inhibited the expressions of XPO1 in KG cells(P＜0.05).Conclusion SEL combined with IM can synergistically inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of KG cells,and then inhibit the expressions of BCR-ABL mRNA and XPO1 to exert an anti-leukemia effect.

Objective:To investigate the regulatory effect of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 3 (TRPC3) on the retina in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mice and biological behavior of human retinal vascular endothelial cells (HREC).Methods:A total of 32 healthy SPF grade 7-day-old C57BL/6 mice were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an OIR group by the random number table method, with 16 mice in each group.The control group received no special treatment, and the OIR model was established in the OIR group.On postnatal day 17 (PN17), the success of the model establishment was verified by immunofluorescence staining of the retinal patch.The in vitro cultured HREC were divided into a normal control group, a transfection reagent group, and a si-TRPC3 group.The normal control group received no special treatment, while the transfection reagent group and the si-TRPC3 group were transfected with transfection reagent or transfection reagent + si-TRPC3.The relative expression of TRPC3 mRNA was detected by real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR.The relative expressions of TRPC3, transcription factor NF-E2 related factor (Nrf2), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) proteins were determined by Western blot.HREC were further divided into a normal control group, a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) group, a si-TRPC3 group, and a Pyr3 (TRPC3 channel inhibitor) group, which were cultured in complete medium, medium containing 20 ng/ml VEGF recombinant protein, medium containing 20 ng/ml VEGF recombinant protein (si-TRPC3 transfection for 72 hours), and medium containing 20 ng/ml VEGF recombinant protein+ 1 μmol/L Pyr3 for 48 hours, respectively.The proliferation ability of HREC was detected using cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8). The horizontal and vertical migration ability of cells were detected by cell scratch assay and transwell assay, respectively.This study followed the 3R principles of animal welfare and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hebei Eye Hospital (No.2023LW04). Results:Pathological neovascular clusters with strong fluorescent staining appeared in the retina of OIR mice on PN17.The relative expressions of TRPC3 mRNA and protein in the retina of OIR mice were 2.057±0.244 and 1.517±0.290, respectively, significantly higher than 0.983±0.033 and 0.874±0.052 of control group ( t=6.165, 3.094; both at P<0.05). The relative expression levels of TRPC3 mRNA and protein were significantly lower, and the relative expression levels of Nrf2 and SOD proteins were higher in the si-TRPC3 group than in the normal control and transfection reagent groups, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). The CCK-8 experiment results showed that the cell absorbance value was higher in the VEGF group than in the normal control group, and lower in the si-TRPC3 and Pyr3 groups than in the VEGF group, with statistically significant differences (all at P<0.05). The results of the cell scratch experiment showed that the lateral migration rate of VEGF group cells was higher than that of normal control group, while the lateral migration rate of si-TRPC3 group and Pyr3 group cells was lower than that of VEGF group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). The transwell experiment results showed that the number of stained cells in the VEGF group was higher than that in the normal control group, and the number of stained cells in the si-TRPC3 group and Pyr3 group was lower than that in the VEGF group, with statistically significant differences (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:Hypoxia induces increased TRPC3 expression in OIR mouse retina, and downregulation of TRPC3 inhibits HREC proliferation and migration.The mechanism is related to the activation of the Nrf2-related oxidative stress pathway.

Background Pneumoconiosis is the most serious occupational disease in China, and silicosis accounts for about half of it. Any intervention effect of physical exercise as the key and core of lung rehabilitation training on silicosis is still unclear. Objective To explore potential intervention effect of physical exercise on silicotic mice. Methods Forty SPF C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into four groups, 10 in each group, including a control group, a physical exercise group, a silicosis model group, and a silicosis model + physical exercise intervention group. Silicotic mouse model was established by using 50 μL SiO₂ suspension (200 mg·mL⁻¹). A treadmill was used to prepare mice receiving physical exercise at 0° inclination, 12.3 m·min⁻¹, 60 min·d⁻¹, 5 d·week⁻¹ for 4 weeks. Pathological morphology of lung tissues was evaluated after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining; deposition of collagen in lung tissues was evaluated after Van Gieson (VG) staining; expression of p-protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) was detected by immunofluorescence staining; expressions of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (p21) and p-p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The protein expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress signal factors [p-inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (p-IRE-1α), p-PERK, and p-eukaryotic initiation factor-2α (p-eIF-2α)], senescence signal factors (p-p53, p21, and p16), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal factors [p-p38, p-extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK), and p-stress-activated protein kinase (p-JNK)] were detected by Western blotting. Results After designed acute SiO₂ exposure, the images of micro computed tomography (CT) showed high density shadows in lung tissues of the silicotic mice and less shadows in lung tissues of the physical exercise intervention mice. After HE staining, the proportions of silicotic nodule area in lung tissues was (18.67±3.89) % in the silicosis model group, and significantly decreased to (8.78±1.05) % in the silicosis model + physical exercise intervention group (P<0.05). After VG staining, the proportion of collagen fiber area of lung tissues was (10.37±2.18) % in the silicosis model group, and significantly decreased to (4.35±0.89) % in the silicosis model + physical exercise intervention group (P<0.05). The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that in the silicosis model group, the expression of p-PERK increased at the location of silicotic nodules, while in the silicotic model + physical exercise intervention group, the expression of p-PERK decreased. The immunohistochemical staining results showed that the expression of p21 and p-p38 increased in the lung tissues of the silicosis model group; the expression of p21 and p-p38 decreased in the lung tissues of the silicosis model + physical exercise intervention group. The results of Western blotting showed that compared with the control group, the expression levels of p-IRE-1α (0.11±0.03), p-PERK (0.95±0.40), p-eIF-2α (3.53±0.91), p-p53 (1.78±0.07), p21 (1.98±0.10), p16 (1.26±0.17), p-p38 (0.41±0.09), p-ERK (0.42±0.05), and p-JNK (3.20±1.23) of the silicosis model group were all upregulated (P<0.05). Compared with the silicosis model group, the expression levels of p-IRE-1α (0.03±0.01), p-PERK (0.31±0.12), p-eIF-2α (0.30±0.06), p-p53 (0.76±0.08), p21 (0.18±0.11), p16 (0.70±0.24), p-p38 (0.03±0.00), p-ERK (0.19±0.03), and p-JNK (0.46±0.21) of the silicosis model + physical exercise intervention group were downregulated (P<0.05). Conclusion Physical exercise may alleviate pulmonary fibrosis in silicotic mice, and inhibit abnormal expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress signal, MAPK signal, and senescent signal.

Objective:To establish a xenograft model of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) in nude mice, and to explore mechanisms underlying synergistic induction and promotion of CSCC in nude mice by ultraviolet radiation and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.Methods:The human CSCC A431 cells were divided into 3 groups, namely HPV16 E6 overexpression group (LV-OE-HPV16 E6 group) transfected with adenovirus-mediated HPV16 E6 gene, empty vector group transfected with empty adenovirus vectors, and blank control group remaining untransfected. Using serum-free Dulbecco′s modified Eagle′s medium (DMEM) , A431 cells in the empty vector group and LV-OE-HPV16 E6 group were prepared into single-cell suspensions, which were subcutaneously inoculated into the left buttocks of SKH-1 nude mice separately, namely empty vector group ( n = 16) and LV-OE-HPV16 E6 group ( n = 16) . Tumor growth was observed and recorded for the mice every 3 days. When the tumor size reached 150 mm 3, the modeling was considered successful. After successful modeling, 8 mice in each group were irradiated with ultraviolet light at a dose of 1 440 mJ·cm -2·d -1 for 12 minutes each time, the other 8 mice in each group received no ultraviolet radiation, that is to say, all the 32 mice were divided into 4 groups: empty vector group, empty vector + UV group, LV-OE-HPV16 E6 group, and LV-OE-HPV16 E6 + UV group. After 4-week radiation, these nude mice were sacrificed, tumor weight and volume were measured, a tumor growth curve was drawn, immunohistochemistry study, Western blot analysis and real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) were conducted to determine the protein and mRNA expression of Wnt1 and β-catenin in CSCC tissues collected from nude mice, respectively. For normally distributed measurement data, analysis of variance was used for intergroup comparisons, and least significant difference- t test for multiple comparisons; for non-normally distributed measurement data, rank sum test was used for intergroup comparisons. Results:Compared with the empty vector group (2.20 ± 0.24 g) , the tumor weight significantly increased in the empty vector + UV group (2.90 ± 0.36 g, t = 4.39, P < 0.001) , LV-OE-HPV16 E6 group (3.19 ± 0.32 g, t = 6.77, P < 0.001) , and LV-OE-HPV16 E6 + UV group (4.41 ± 0.18 g, t = 20.11, P < 0.001) ; the tumor volume was also significantly higher in the empty vector + UV group (1 033.12 ± 400.15 mm 3, t = 1.90, P < 0.001) , LV-OE-HPV16 E6 group (1 119.21 ± 447.57 mm 3, t = 2.21, P < 0.001) , and LV-OE-HPV16 E6 + UV group (1 464.29 ± 409.98 mm 3, t = 4.22, P < 0.001) than in the empty vector group (688.94 ± 319.31 mm 3) . Immunohistochemical study showed no significant difference in the protein expression of Wnt1 and β-catenin among the 4 groups ( F = 0.76, 0.71, respectively, both P > 0.05) ; Western blot analysis showed significant differences in the protein expression levels of Wnt1 and β-catenin among the 4 groups ( F = 16.74, 49.90, respectively, both P < 0.05) , which were significantly higher in the LV-OE-HPV16 E6 + UV group than in the empty vector group, empty vector + UV group and LV-OE-HPV16 E6 group (all P < 0.05) . qRT-PCR showed a significant difference in the mRNA expression of Wnt1 and β-catenin among the 4 groups ( F = 7.77, 8.38, respectively, both P<0.05) , and the LV-OE-HPV16 E6 + UV group showed significantly increased Wnt1 mRNA expression levels compared with the empty vector group, empty vector + UV group and LV-OE-HPV16 E6 group (all P < 0.05) . Conclusion:Ultraviolet radiation and HPV infection showed synergistic effect on the induction and promotion of CSCC.

Background::Urticaria is a common skin disease characterized by episodes of wheals, and it has a negative effect on patients’ quality of life. Large-scale population-based epidemiological studies of urticaria are scarce in China. The aim of this survey was to determine the prevalence, clinical forms, and risk factors of urticaria in the Chinese population.Methods::This survey was conducted in 35 cities from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities of China. Two to three communities in each city were selected in this investigation. Participants completed questionnaires and received dermatological examinations. We analyzed the prevalence, clinical forms, and risk factors of urticaria.Results::In total, 44,875 questionnaires were distributed and 41,041 valid questionnaires were collected (17,563 male and 23,478 female participants). The lifetime prevalence of urticaria was 7.30%, with 8.26% in female and 6.34% in male individuals ( P < 0.05). The point prevalence of urticaria was 0.75%, with 0.79% in female and 0.71% in male individuals ( P < 0.05). Concomitant angioedema was found in 6.16% of patients. Adults had a higher prevalence of urticaria than adolescents and children. Living in urban areas, exposure to pollutants, an anxious or depressed psychological status, a personal and family history of allergy, thyroid diseases, and Helicobacter pylori infection were associated with a higher prevalence of urticaria. Smoking was correlated with a reduced risk of urticaria. Conclusion::This study demonstrated that the lifetime prevalence of urticaria was 7.30% and the point prevalence was 0.75% in the Chinese population; women had a higher prevalence of urticaria than men. Various factors were correlated with urticaria.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in treating primary nephrotic syndrome in children with dual resistance to glucocorticoids and calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs).Methods:Clinical data of 6 children with primary nephrotic syndrome treated with ACTH in the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019 were retrospectively collected. All the enrolled patients were children with primary nephrotic syndrome with dual resistance to glucocorticoids and CNIs. All the 6 children were given 0.4-1.0 IU·kg -1·d -1 ACTH (total ≤25 IU)+5% glucose 500 ml intravenous infusion for 8 h during the hormone reduction process, with a course of treatment for 5 days, once a month, and continuous treatment for 3-6 months. Clinical data such as 24 h urinary protein quantification, serum albumin, serum cholesterol, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) level and glucocorticoid dosage were collected at equal time points at 6 months before treatment, at the beginning of treatment, at the end of treatment and at 6 months of follow-up after treatment of ACTH to evaluate the efficacy and adverse reactions. Results:The onset age of 6 children was (4.89±1.77) years, and the age of the first treatment with ACTH was (9.49±3.06) years. All the 6 children completed 3 to 6 months of ACTH treatment, with 2 cases of complete remission, 2 cases of partial remission and 2 cases of no remission. At the end of ACTH treatment, 24 h urinary protein was significantly decreased ( P=0.026), serum albumin level was significantly increased ( P=0.003), and glucocorticoid dosage was significantly decreased ( P<0.001) than before treatment. At 6 months after the end of ACTH treatment, there was no statistical significance in 24 h urinary protein, serum albumin and hormone dosage compared with the end of ACTH treatment (all P>0.05), and the blood cholesterol level continued to decrease ( P=0.039). There was no significant change in eGFR during observation period ( P>0.05). In the process of ACTH infusion, all the 6 children showed transient decrease in urine output, rash in 2 cases, and elevated blood glucose in 1 case, which could be spontaneously relieved after drug withdrawal. There were no serious cardiovascular events, renal impairment, infection and other adverse reactions. Conclusions:ACTH has a good effect on children with primary nephrotic syndrome who are dual resistant to glucocorticoids and CNIs. ACTH can reduce proteinuria, decrease the dosage of glucocorticoids, improve the clinical remission rate, and has good security.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the differences in the sleep quality and the effects on insomnia severity between 's three-promotion needling method and the oral administration of estazolam. METHODS: A total of 70 patients of subacute insomnia were randomized into a three-promotion needling group and a medication group, 35 cases in each one. In the three-promotion needling group, the mild promotion technique with the filiform needle, the warm promotion technique with the fire needle and the strong promotion technique with the three-edged needle were adopted in combination. The acupuncture with the filiform needle was used at Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN1), Shenting (GV 24), Shenmen (HT 7), etc, The treatment was given 3 times a week, once every 2 days. The pricking technique with fire needle was applied to Ganshu (BL 18), Xinshu (BL 15), Feishu (BL 13), Pishu (BL 20), Shenshu (BL 23) and Geshu (BL 17), once every 3 days, twice a week. The bleeding technique with the three-edged needle was used at the ear apex, once every 2 days, 3 times a week. In the medication group, the estazolam tablets were taken orally before sleep, 1mg once every 2 days. The treatment was given consecutively for 4 weeks in the two groups. Separately, before treatment, in 2-week treatment and in 4-week treatment as well as in 1-month follow-up after treatment, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and the insomnia severity index (ISI) scores were recorded in the patients of the two groups. The clinical effects were evaluated in the two groups. RESULTS: In 2 weeks and 4 weeks of treatment, as well as in the follow-up, PSQI scores and ISI scores were all reduced obviously as compared with those before treatment in the two groups (all <0.05). In the three-promotion needling group, the PSQI score at each time point was reduced much more obviously as compared with the medication group (all <0.05). In the follow-up, the ISI score in the three-promotion needling group was lower than the medication group (<0.05). The total effective rates were 97.2% (34/35) and 91.4% (32/35) at the end of treatment and in the follow-up respectively in the three-promotion needling group, higher than 85.7% (30/35) and 71.4% (25/35) in the medication group (both <0.05). CONCLUSION 's three-promotion needling method much more effectively improves the sleep quality and reduces insomnia severity in the patients of subacute insomnia. This therapy presents the satisfactory short-term and long-term effects.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Estazolam ; Humans ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome