ObjectiveTo conduct an epidemiological investigation and analysis of a clustered scabies outbreak in a middle school, so as to provide evidence for developing targeted prevention and control strategies. MethodsCase data on a clustered scabies outbreak occurring in a middle school of Shaanxi Province in 2025 were collected. Field epidemiological approaches were adopted to define cases, search for infected individuals, and describe the temporal, spatial, and population distribution. Specimens were collected from individuals and surrounding environments for laboratory testing. ResultsA total of 25 scabies cases were identified in 4 classes and 9 dormitories of the school. All cases were first-year high school students. The overall attack rate was 6.00% (25/414); the attack rate was 10.53% (22/209) among male students and 1.46% (3/205) among female students. The disease course ranged from 10 to 30 days, with a median duration of 14 days, and 3 students (12.00%) continued attending classes with ongoing infection. Skin scrapings collected from lesion sites of 3 patients were examined under microscopy, all of which were positive for Sarcoptes scabiei; no laboratory testing was performed for the remaining cases. This clustered scabies infection outbreak lasted for one month. All affected students recovered completely without severe complications or deaths, and the outbreak was effectively contained. ConclusionThis scabies infection is a clustered school-based scabies outbreak caused by Sarcoptes scabiei. Affected patients present relatively severe symptoms and a prolonged disease course. Scientific and standardized preventive systems should be established to enable timely early warning and emergency response.

Objective:To investigate the detection status of serological markers for hepatitis B virus (HBV) among Tibetan college students and their relationship with HBV- deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) load.Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out to retrospectively analyze data from 1 514 Tibetan college students who visited the Affiliated Hospital of Xizang Minzu University for consultations or health examinations between June 1, 2021 and June 1, 2022. The prevalence of HBV infection among these students was analyzed, the primary epidemiological patterns of HBV markers were identified, and their relationship with HBV-DNA load was determined.Results:The positive rate of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among the 1 514 Tibetan college students was 6.7% (101/1 514), while the positive rate for Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) was 42.2% (639/1 514). The primary serological pattern of HBV infection consisted of positive results for HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBcAb, which accounted for 48.5% of cases. This pattern showed significantly higher rates of HBV-DNA positivity and elevated viral load compared with other serological patterns ( χ2 = 8.70, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The HBV infection rate among Tibetan college students is 6.7%. The primary infection pattern is characterized by positive tests for HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBcAb, with an HBV-DNA positivity rate as high as 87.0% and elevated viral loads.

Objective:To evaluate the application effect of a wearable visual field meter based on extended reality (XR) glasses for patients with macular disease.Methods:A self-controlled study was conducted.A total of 41 consecutive patients (41 eyes) with macular disease were recruited at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from October 2022 to October 2024.All patients underwent 10-2 center visual field test using a self-developed wearable visual field meter (XRVF), and the results were compared with those obtained using a traditional Humphrey field analyzer (HFA).The comparison parameters included mean retinal sensitivity (MS), false positive rate (FPR), false negative rate (FNR), and testing duration.A subject satisfaction questionnaire was administered.This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (No.WDRY2024-K263), and all subjects signed the informed consent form.Results:The retinal sensitivity of patients measured by HFA was (23.24±3.71)dB, which was higher than (22.01±3.45)dB by XRVF, showing a statistically significant difference ( t=4.924, P=0.036).The FPR measured by HFA and XRVF were (2.39±2.51)% and (2.59±3.29)%, respectively, and the FNR were (3.49±6.05)% and (3.74±5.38)%, respectively, showing no statistically significant difference ( t=-3.624, P=0.948; t=-1.241, P=0.519).The median test duration for HFA and XRVF was 6.15 (5.78, 6.65) and 5.98 (5.71, 6.69)minutes, respectively, without statistically significant difference ( Z=-1.987, P=0.953).92.6% of the subjects thought the device was comfortable, simple and practical. Conclusions:The XRVF has good consistency with the HFA, can effectively and reliably evaluate the visual field function of patients with macular disease, and is easily accepted by patients.

Objective:To explore and compare the clinical application value of 8-channel head phased-array coil, an 8-channel temporomandibular joint (TMJ)-specific surface coil, and a single-channel surface coil in TMJ MRI examinations.Methods:A total of 600 temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients (1 200 joints) who underwent TMJ MRI examination in the First People′s Hospital of Jinzhong from June 2020 to January 2025 were retrospectively screened. Based on inclusion/exclusion criteria, 120 TMD patients (240 joints) with closed-mouth oblique sagittal proton density weighted imaging (OSag PDWI), coronal T2 fat-suppression weighted imaging (OCor fs T2WI) and open-mouth oblique sagittal proton density weighted imaging (OSag PDWI) were included. Patients were divided into groups A, B, and C, with 40 cases in each group. Group A (31female, 9male, median age 24 years old), underwent 8-channel head phased-array coil imaging. Group B (29 female, 11male, median age 23.5 years old) underwent TMJ imaging with an 8-channel surface coil. Group C (29 female, 11male, median age 22.5 years old) underwent single-channel surface coil imaging. There were no significant differences in age, gender, type or disease types among groups ( P>0.05). Six healthy volunteers without TMD (4 female, 2 male, range 19 to 45 years old) underwent imaging with all three coils as self-control. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and image quality were compared for five regions of interest (ROI) in both patients and volunteers. Results:Under the same sequence and the same parameters, SNR and CNR in group B were higher than those in group A, and SNR and CNR in group C were also higher than those in group A, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). However, there were significant differences in SNR and CNR between group B and group C in the closed and open positions of ROI1, the open positions of ROI3 and the open positions of ROI5 ( P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in other positions ( P>0.05). Group B had the best image quality, followed by group C and group A had the worst image quality. There were significant differences in the visualization of OSag PDWI in the closed mouth position, OCor T2WI in the coronal position, and OSag PDWI in the open mouth position, such as condyle, anterior attachment, joint disc, double lamina area, joint cavity and lateral pterygoid muscle ( P<0.05). There were significant differences between group B and group C in showing the joint cavity in the closed mouth position and showing the structure of the bilaminar area in the open mouth position ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in other regions of interest ( P>0.05). The subjective scores of condyle, anterior attachment, articular disc, bilaminar area, articular cavity, lateral pterygos muscle and other structures were medium to high in group A, high in group B, and high or high in group C by two radiologists independently. In the five rois, the 8-channel TMJ surface coil showed more details, especially in the articular disc, condyle and lateral pterygoid muscle regions, and had more advantages in both volunteers and patients. Conclusions:The 8-channel TMJ-specific surface coil provides significantly clearer visualization of critical anatomical details within the ROIs, demonstrating the highest clinical application value and is recommended as the preferred choice.

Objective:To evaluate the application effect of a wearable visual field meter based on extended reality (XR) glasses for patients with macular disease.Methods:A self-controlled study was conducted.A total of 41 consecutive patients (41 eyes) with macular disease were recruited at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from October 2022 to October 2024.All patients underwent 10-2 center visual field test using a self-developed wearable visual field meter (XRVF), and the results were compared with those obtained using a traditional Humphrey field analyzer (HFA).The comparison parameters included mean retinal sensitivity (MS), false positive rate (FPR), false negative rate (FNR), and testing duration.A subject satisfaction questionnaire was administered.This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (No.WDRY2024-K263), and all subjects signed the informed consent form.Results:The retinal sensitivity of patients measured by HFA was (23.24±3.71)dB, which was higher than (22.01±3.45)dB by XRVF, showing a statistically significant difference ( t=4.924, P=0.036).The FPR measured by HFA and XRVF were (2.39±2.51)% and (2.59±3.29)%, respectively, and the FNR were (3.49±6.05)% and (3.74±5.38)%, respectively, showing no statistically significant difference ( t=-3.624, P=0.948; t=-1.241, P=0.519).The median test duration for HFA and XRVF was 6.15 (5.78, 6.65) and 5.98 (5.71, 6.69)minutes, respectively, without statistically significant difference ( Z=-1.987, P=0.953).92.6% of the subjects thought the device was comfortable, simple and practical. Conclusions:The XRVF has good consistency with the HFA, can effectively and reliably evaluate the visual field function of patients with macular disease, and is easily accepted by patients.

This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the development of addiction medicine in China from 2014 to 2024, covering aspects such as the current status of substance abuse and behavioral addictions, scientific research progress, intervention measures, basic research, and international cooperation. It also discusses the challenges faced and coping strategies, providing a reference for the future development of addiction medicine in China.

Objective To study the spatial correlation characteristics of the number of large medical equipment alloca-tion in China's provinces and cities,with a view to providing a reference basis for the optimization of the allocation of large medical equipment.Methods It analyzed the spatial autocorrelation of China's large medical equipment alloca-tion and its influencing factors by using the Moran's I,grey correlation and other methods.Results The results of the spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the allocation of large medical equipment in China was positively corre-lated spatially,and the spatial agglomeration was significant(Global Moran's I index value was 0.392,P＜0.05).The grey correlation of GDP,year-end resident population,geographic area,number of tertiary hospitals,number of beds in medical institutions,number of practicing(assistant)physicians,and annual discharges in each province and city were 0.913,0.919,0.745,0.883,0.907,0.929,0.880,respectively.Conclusion China's large-scale medi-cal equipment configuration of spatial autocorrelation properties,distributed in the eastern Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,Yangtze River Delta region and some provinces and cities in the west of the large-scale medical equipment configura-tion level in the formation of high-value agglomeration and low-value agglomeration area respectively.At the same time,the equipment configuration has the characteristics of high-quality medical resources concentration,oriented to the needs of the masses,taking into account economic and social development,etc.It is recommended to fur-ther optimise the spatial structure of equipment allocation,incorporate the configuration of large-scale medical equip-ment into the consideration of regional health resource planning at all levels,and enhance the linkage of the equip-ment configuration planning between provinces and cities.

Objective:To explore and compare the clinical application value of 8-channel head phased-array coil, an 8-channel temporomandibular joint (TMJ)-specific surface coil, and a single-channel surface coil in TMJ MRI examinations.Methods:A total of 600 temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients (1 200 joints) who underwent TMJ MRI examination in the First People′s Hospital of Jinzhong from June 2020 to January 2025 were retrospectively screened. Based on inclusion/exclusion criteria, 120 TMD patients (240 joints) with closed-mouth oblique sagittal proton density weighted imaging (OSag PDWI), coronal T2 fat-suppression weighted imaging (OCor fs T2WI) and open-mouth oblique sagittal proton density weighted imaging (OSag PDWI) were included. Patients were divided into groups A, B, and C, with 40 cases in each group. Group A (31female, 9male, median age 24 years old), underwent 8-channel head phased-array coil imaging. Group B (29 female, 11male, median age 23.5 years old) underwent TMJ imaging with an 8-channel surface coil. Group C (29 female, 11male, median age 22.5 years old) underwent single-channel surface coil imaging. There were no significant differences in age, gender, type or disease types among groups ( P>0.05). Six healthy volunteers without TMD (4 female, 2 male, range 19 to 45 years old) underwent imaging with all three coils as self-control. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and image quality were compared for five regions of interest (ROI) in both patients and volunteers. Results:Under the same sequence and the same parameters, SNR and CNR in group B were higher than those in group A, and SNR and CNR in group C were also higher than those in group A, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). However, there were significant differences in SNR and CNR between group B and group C in the closed and open positions of ROI1, the open positions of ROI3 and the open positions of ROI5 ( P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in other positions ( P>0.05). Group B had the best image quality, followed by group C and group A had the worst image quality. There were significant differences in the visualization of OSag PDWI in the closed mouth position, OCor T2WI in the coronal position, and OSag PDWI in the open mouth position, such as condyle, anterior attachment, joint disc, double lamina area, joint cavity and lateral pterygoid muscle ( P<0.05). There were significant differences between group B and group C in showing the joint cavity in the closed mouth position and showing the structure of the bilaminar area in the open mouth position ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in other regions of interest ( P>0.05). The subjective scores of condyle, anterior attachment, articular disc, bilaminar area, articular cavity, lateral pterygos muscle and other structures were medium to high in group A, high in group B, and high or high in group C by two radiologists independently. In the five rois, the 8-channel TMJ surface coil showed more details, especially in the articular disc, condyle and lateral pterygoid muscle regions, and had more advantages in both volunteers and patients. Conclusions:The 8-channel TMJ-specific surface coil provides significantly clearer visualization of critical anatomical details within the ROIs, demonstrating the highest clinical application value and is recommended as the preferred choice.

Objective:To improve the isolation and culture method of seasonal influenza virus in embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs), and evaluate their isolation efficiency.Methods:We randomly selected 80 positive samples of H1N1 (H1N1pdm09) and seasonal H3N2 (H3N2snl) influenza virus nucleic acid, and inoculated them into the amniotic and urinary sac cavities of 10-day-old (traditional method) and 14-day-old (improved method) ECEs respectively to adapt the virus to the ECEs (E1-E2). Both method were used to inoculate 10-day-old urinary sac amplification virus (E2-E3), and the final virus isolation positive rates of the two method were compared; using fluorescence quantitative PCR method to detect viral nucleic acids in the improved amniotic and urinary sac cultures, and evaluate the viral proliferation at different inoculation sites; we analyzed the correlation between virus content and isolation positivity rate in the original specimen based on the CT value of nucleic acid testing and the final virus isolation positivity rate using the improved method.Results:The improved method obtained 42 strains of H1N1pdm09 strain, with a positive rate of 52.5% ( χ2=38.571, P<0.01); obtained 54 strains of H3N2snl strain, with a positive rate of 67.5% ( χ2=40.921, P<0.01). Significant differences were observed in the isolation efficiency of H1N1pdm09 samples when the improved method was applied to different inoculation sites of chicken embryos ( χ2=30.476, P<0.01), and similar differences were noted for H3N2snl samples ( χ2=4.928, P=0.026). There was no significant difference in the isolation rate of different CT value intervals of the original samples ( χH1N1pdm092=10.226, χH3N2snl2=3.764, P>0.05). Conclusions:The improved method of inoculating 14-day old ECEs adapted the virus, and the final number of strains obtained was significantly higher than the traditional method of inoculating 10 day old ECEs, which can significantly improve the positive isolation rate of H1N1pdm09 and H3N2snl influenza virus in ECEs. The amniotic cavity is more sensitive to H1N1pdm09 and H3N2snl influenza viruses, which helps the virus adapt in ECEs. There was no significant difference in the sample isolation rate and total positive rate of virus isolation among different CT value ranges, and further verification is needed.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD） is the most common chronic liver disease in the world. Because of its complex pathogenesis， high clinical prevalence and large population， it poses a great threat and challenge to public health in the world. Therefore， active intervention measures are needed. Currently， western medicine is effective in reducing weight， reducing liver fat content， improving glucose-lipid metabolism and insulin resistance. However， for patients with NAFLD-related fibrosis and cirrhosis， there is still a lack of sufficient histological evidence to support its benefits， and randomized controlled trials are still needed to clarify. Lifestyle intervention is an important cornerstone for the treatment of NAFLD， but there are many problems such as poor implementation and low compliance of patients， and the clinical efficacy is not ideal. Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） has the significant advantages of multiple pathways and multiple targets. Berberine， the active ingredient of TCM， can interfere with the production of NAFLD from multiple pathways， including increasing energy consumption， weight loss， improving glucose-lipid metabolism， improving insulin resistance， anti-inflammatory， anti-oxidation， regulating intestinal flora， restoring bile acid homeostasis， anti-fibrosis and so on， which can play a positive role in the treatment of NAFLD. At the same time， it was found that the combination of BBR with Chinese and western medicines had significant advantages in promoting drug absorption， improving oral bioavailability， increasing the highest biological distribution in the liver， enhancing the overall therapeutic effect of NAFLD， and reducing adverse drug reactions， which could provide reference for clinical medication.