Psoriasis, a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes, is difficult to cure and prone to relapse, often leading to systemic damage. Triptolide (TPL) can modulate cutaneous immune responses and inflammation, yet its therapeutic window is narrow with significant toxicity. To enhance skin targeting and retention of TPL while reducing systemic absorption and toxicity, a TPL/hyaluronic acid/phospholipid polymeric micelle (TPL/HA-DOPE) was constructed via HA's targeting of the CD44 receptor on skin cells. The prepared TPL/HA-DOPE exhibited a uniform spherical morphology with particle size of (130.4±1.23) nm, drug loading capacity of (19.74±0.084) %, and encapsulation efficiency of (85.53±1.34) %. Transdermal permeation studies in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that TPL/HA-DOPE not only enhanced uptake in HaCaT cells but also exhibited excellent skin retention. In a murine model of psoriasis, the TPL/HA-DOPE gel at the dose of 50 μg/(kg•d) showed the most significant improvement in erythema, scaling, and epidermal thickening. Histological analysis confirmed that TPL/HA-DOPE markedly reduced stratum corneum thickness, epidermal hyperplasia, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Ki67 immunostaining proved that its anti-inflammatory mechanism might be achieved by reducing the number of Ki67-positive cells and lowering the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α. The above results demonstrate that HA-DOPE as a drug delivery carrier for the treatment of psoriasis-like skin diseases has high value of scientific research and good prospects for clinical application.

Objective:To construct a prognostic nomogram based on epithelial-stromal interaction protein 1(EPSTI1)and predict the pro-gnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed from January 2012 to December 2015 at The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University,on 221 patients with ccRCC who underwent surgical treatment in our center and 533 patients with ccRCC in The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.Immunohistochemical(IHC)staining was performed on adjacent nor-mal and cancerous tissues to analyze the expression level of EPSTI1 and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed for the overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS)of patients with high and low EPSTI1 expression levels.Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the prognostic factors for OS,and a nomogram model was constructed and verified.Results:The IHC scores and mRNA expression levels of EPSTI1 were significantly higher in ccRCC tissues than in normal tissues(all P<0.001).EPSTI1 was expressed at higher levels in cancer tissues at higher T stages(P=0.036,P=0.006).The EPSTI1 protein expression level was related to the maximum tumor diameter and TNM stage(P=0.002,P=0.032,respectively).The OS and DFS were higher in the low-EPSTI1-expression group than the high-EPSTI1-expression group(P=0.046,P=0.003,P=0.001).Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that a high EPSTI1 protein expression level,WHO/ISUP grade,and AJCC/TNM stage were independent risk factors for poor prognosis(P=0.009,P=0.039,P<0.001).The prognostic nomogram model constructed based on the above variables was su-perior to the AJCC/TNM stage in predicting the 5-year OS,and the calibration curve showed that the predicted value of the model was con-sistent with the actual value.Conclusions:The nomographic model based on EPSTI1,AJCC/TNM staging and WHO/ISUP staging has a strong predictive ability for the prognosis of renal clear cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship between famine exposure in early life and the risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood during the 1959–1961 Chinese Famine. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 3,418 individuals aged 35–74 years free of diabetes from two studies in 2006 and 2009 were followed up prospectively in 2009 and 2012, respectively. Famine exposure was classified as unexposed (individuals born in 1962–1978), fetal exposed (individuals born in 1959–1961), child exposed (individuals born in 1949–1958), and adolescent/adult exposed (born in 1931–1948). A logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between famine exposure and diabetes after adjustment for potential covariates. RESULTS: During a three-year follow-up, the age-adjusted incidence rates of type 2 diabetes were 5.7%, 14.5%, 12.7%, and 17.8% in unexposed, fetal-exposed, child-exposed, and adolescent/adult-exposed groups, respectively (P < 0.01). Relative to the unexposed group, the relative risks (95% confidence interval) for diabetes were 2.15 (1.29–3.60), 1.53 (0.93– 2.51), and 1.65 (0.75–3.63) in the fetal-exposed, child-exposed, and adolescent/adult-exposed groups, after controlling for potential covariates. The interactions between famine exposure and obesity, education level, and family history of diabetes were not observed, except for the urbanization type. Individuals living in rural areas with fetal and childhood famine exposure were at a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, with relative risks of 8.79 (1.82–42.54) and 2.33 (1.17–4.65), respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that famine exposure in early life is an independent predictor of type 2 diabetes, particularly in women. Early identification and intervention may help prevent diabetes in later life.

ObjectiveTo analyze the causes of death and years of life lost among patients with severe mental disorders in Jining city， in order to provide references for improving the management level of the patients. MethodsA total of 3 638 patients with severe mental disorders who were recorded in the National Information System for Severe Mental Disorders in Jining and died between January 1， 2014 and December 31， 2020 were included in the study. The general information and the status of mortality were extracted via checking management files. Thereafter， the causes of death of patients with different characteristics were discussed， and the years of life lost due to severe mental disorders was analyzed through calculating potential years of life lost （PYLL）， average years of life lost （AYLL） and potential years of life lost rate （PYLLR）. ResultsThe majority of patients who died from severe mental disorders were those with schizophrenia， accounting for 77.68% （2 826/3 638）. The most common cause of death among patients with severe mental disorders was physical illness with 1 869 cases （51.37%）. Among the selected subjects， patients with mental retardation and comorbid mental disorders had the youngest age of disease onset ［（22.49±20.14） years］， the youngest age at death ［（51.72±18.32） years］ and the longest duration of disease ［（29.26±19.35） years］. The PYLL， AYLL and PYLLR of patients with severe mental disorders in Jining were 68 941.06 person-years， 18.95 years and 382.36‰， respectively. The mental retardation and comorbid mental disorders had the highest AYLL at 27.21 years， and epilepsy-induced mental disorder had the highest PYLLR at 892.73‰. ConclusionComorbid physical illness is the main causes of death in patients with severe mental disorders in Jining city， and epilepsy-induced mental disorder have occupied the first place in terms of the years of life lost.

Objective:To describe the characteristics and change trends of incidence, mortality and disease burden of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Qingdao from 2014 to 2020.Methods:We analyzed the incidence data of AMI retrieved from Qingdao Chronic Diseases Surveillance System. The average annual percent change (AAPC) of morbidity and mortality of AMI were evaluated by using Joinpoint log-linear regression model. Disability adjusted life year (DALY) was used to estimate disease burden of AMI in Qingdao.Results:A total of 70 491 AMI cases and 50 832 deaths of AMI occurred in Qingdao from 2014 to 2020. The age-standardized morbidity and mortality were 54.71/100 000 and 36.55/100 000, respectively. During 2014-2020, the AAPC of age-standardized morbidity was 2.86% (95% CI: 0.42%-5.35%), and 4.30% (95% CI: 1.24%-7.45%) in men and 0.78% (95% CI: -0.89%-2.47%) in women, respectively. The log-linear regression model showed that age-standardized morbidity in age groups 30-39, 40-49 years increased rapidly, with the AAPCs of 8.92% (95% CI: 2.23%-16.06%) and 6.32% (95% CI: 3.30%-9.44%), respectively. The trend was also observed in age groups 30-39, 40-49 and 50-59 years in men, with the AAPCs of 11.25% (95% CI: 3.54%-19.54%), 6.73% (95% CI: 2.63%-10.99%) and 6.72% (95% CI: 2.98%-10.60%), respectively. There was no significant change in age-standardized mortality. The DALY rate increased from 7.49/1 000 in 2014 to 8.61/1 000 in 2020, with the AAPC of 1.97% (95% CI: 0.36%-3.60%). Conclusions:The age-standardized morbidity of AMI in men increased in Qingdao, especially in those aged 30-49 years, while age-standardized mortality rate of AMI was relatively stable from 2014 to 2020. The burden of disease of AMI increased in both men and women.

Objective: To describe the current situation of leisure time physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep duration of children and adolescents aged 6-14 in Beijing, and provide a reference basis for guiding school age children to carry out reasonable physical activities and formulating effective intervention measures. Methods: A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the nutritional and health status of 3 460 students in the first,third,fifth and seventh grades. Through the questionnaire surveys, the basic information of children and families and the activity information of children physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep were collected and statistically analyzed. Results: The results showed that the median time of children daily leisure time physical activity (LTPA) was 20.0 (8.6, 38.6) min, children in suburb areas (18.6 min) and seventh grade (14.3 min) had shorter LTPA time( Z/H =5.12，119.11， P <0.01). The average daily sleep duration of children was (8.71 ± 0.76) h, the proportion of school age children with insufficient sleep reached 54.7%. With an increase in grades, the incidence of insufficient sleep increased significantly ( χ 2=407.13， P <0.01). The median daily sedentary time of children was 195.7(145.0, 255.7 ) min, and 84.5% of children engaged in more than two hours of sedentary behavior every day. Urban (202.9 min) and obese children (210.4 min) had longer sedentary behavior time, and with the increase in grade, the daily sedentary behavior time of children gradually increased ( Z/H =5.04，14.83，637.98， P <0.01). Conclusion Children and adolescents aged 6-14 years in Beijing have less LTPA time, too much sedentary time, and insufficient sleep duration. Grade is an important factor affecting physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep duration of children, and body shape may be related to their sedentary behavior and sleep time.It is suggested that targeted policies should be adopted for children of different grades to increase their physical activity and reduce their sedentary behavior to promote their healthy development.

Objective:To investigate the distribution of allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis （AR） in Ningxia, and provide theoretical data for the prevention and treatment of AR in this region. Methods:A total of 1664 patients diagnosed with AR in the Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department of Yinchuan First People's Hospital Outpatient Clinic from January 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively collected. Use the allergen sIgE antibody detection kit （immunoblotting method） to detect inhalation and ingestion allergens in patients.Results: ①Among all AR patients, 1 158 cases were detected positive, resulting in the detection rate was 69.59%; ②The detection rate of inhalation allergen was 65.87%, and the detection rate of ingestion allergen was 19.83%; ③Mugwort was the most sensitive allergen, and 76.32% of the patients having a positive grade ≥3; ④Out of the patients, 294 cases （25.39%） were allergic to only one allergen, 244 cases （21.07%） were allergic to two allergens, and 620 cases （53.54%） were allergic to three or more allergens; ⑤During different seasons, the highest number of positive allergens detected was in the summer, with 968 cases （83.59%）. Mugwort was the main allergen during this season （69.01%）. After the COVID-19 epidemic, the total positive rate of sIgE tests in AR patients decreased compared to before, and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.001）; ⑥Mugwort, dog epithelium, mold combination, egg, peanut, soybean, Marine fish combination and fruit combination all showed statistically significant differences between different gender groups （P<0.05）; ⑦Common ragweed, mugwort, dust mite combination, cockroach, egg, milk, Marine fish combination, shrimp, fruit combination and nut combination all showed statistically significant differences among different age groups （P<0.05）; ⑧There were statistically significant differences in hay dust among different ethnic groups （P<0.05）. Conclusion:Artemisia argyi is the main allergen in Ningxia, and the distribution characteristics of different allergens are influenced by treatment season, the COVID-19 epidemic, gender, age, ethnicity, and other factors, showing certain distribution patterns and rules.
Allergens ; Artemisia ; COVID-19 ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Skin Tests ; Humans ; Male ; Female

Objective:To develop a suitable scale for assessing the public health safety literacy in residents in China.Methods:The initial scale of Chinese public health safety literacy was developed through theoretical conceptualization, item pooling, field verifying and item inclusion and exclusion. Then the initial scale was converted into an electronic questionnaire. A total of 2 809 residents from 4 provinces were randomly selected for field testing. Classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT) were used for item reduction. SPSS 23.0 was used for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and unidimensional testing. Package R 4.1.1 ltm and mirt were used for the analysis of the psychometric properties of items and generate the ICC, IIC and TIF.Results:The initial scale had 30 items (B1-B30), and the test took 9.8 s to complete one item averagely. According to the CTT, B2 was deleted due to coefficient of total correlation (CITC) <0.3 and the item-dimension correlation coefficient (IDCC) <0.4. B23 was deleted due to CITC<0.3, IDCC<0.4 and difficulty index ( W) <0.2. B30 was deleted due to CITC<0.3 and W<0.2. The total Cronbach's α of the scale was 0.923 after deletion. EFA indicated that 14 items should be deleted due to lower factor loadings <0.7. EFA was conducted for remaining 13 items and 2 common factors were extracted, the factor loadings of all items were >0.7, the accumulated variance contribution of the 2 common factors was 63.361%, and the total Cronbach's α was 0.891, showing unidimensionality, IRT was used to test the remaining items. B14 and B20 were deleted due to discrimination coefficient ( a) <0.3, difficulty threshold coefficient ( b) ?[-3,3], the small amount of information and the flat, crowded, non-monotonic ICC, and IIC. Finally, the Cronbach's α of the 11-itemed scale was 0.936 with TLI=0.97, CFI=0.99, and RMSEA =0.03. Conclusion:The final scale has good reliability, validity, discrimination, difficulty level and feasibility, and can be applied for the rapid assessment of public health safety literacy in China.

Purpose: C5α receptor 1 (C5ΑR1) is associated with the development of various human cancers. However, whether it is involved in the development of hepatitis B virus (HBV)–related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poorly understood. We explored the expression, biological role, and associated mechanisms of C5AR1 in HBV-related hepatoma cells. Materials and Methods: The expression of C5ΑR1 mediated by HBV and HBV core protein (HBc) was detected in hepatoma cells. The function of nuclear factor кB (NF-κB) pathway in HBc-induced C5AR1 expression was assessed. The roles of C5ΑR1 in the activation of intracellular signal pathways, the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, and the growth and migration of hepatoma cells mediated by HBc, were investigated. The effect of C5α in the development of HCC mediated by C5AR1 was also measured. Results: C5ΑR1 expression was increased in HBV-positive hepatoma cells. Dependent on HBc, HBV enhanced the expression of C5ΑR1 at the mRNA and protein levels. Besides, HBc could promote C5ΑR1 expression via the NF-κB pathway. Based on the C5ΑR1, HBc facilitated the activation of JNK and ERK pathways and the expression and secretion of interleukin-6 in hepatoma cells. Furthermore, C5ΑR1 was responsible for enhancing the growth and migration of hepatoma cells mediated by HBc. Except these, C5α could promote the malignant development of HBc-positive HCC via C5AR1. Conclusion We provide new insight into the mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis mediated by HBc. C5ΑR1 has a significant role in the functional abnormality of hepatoma cells mediated by HBc, and might be utilized as a potential therapeutic target for HBV-related HCC.

Objective:To develop a measurement scale for the public health and safety literacy of university freshmen.Methods:Item pooling was conducted through literature review and in-depth interview with public health experts, and a nominal group was organized to develop the initial items to form the questionnaire. A total of 250 freshmen were randomly selected to complete the questionnaire, and the assessment of psychometric properties were performed to carry out item reduction by using classical test theory and item response theory. Exploratory factor analysis method (EFA) was employed to calculate the item-factor loadings. The data collected from another 318 freshmen were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis method (CFA).Results:The scale contained 3 dimensions and 9 items with all content validity index ≥0.8. The difficulty coefficient of 9 items was 1.18-2.43. The discriminative validity analysis showed that the difficulty index was 0.41-0.78, and the discrimination index was 0.38-0.64. Each of the remaining items had a statistically significant difference in the score value between the top 27% and lowest 27% of respondents ( t>3, P<0.05). The item's Cronbach's α was 0.72-0.77, corrected item-total correlation was 0.33-0.60 and the overall α of the scale was 0.77. EFA indicated all item-factor loading were higher than 0.680, and the accumulated variance contribution of the 3 factors was 62.484%. Results of CFA showed that the overall fitness index of the model reached the fitness standard except for the χ 2 value. There was no statistical significance in the total score of the scale and the scores of each item among groups with different demographic characteristics ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The newly developed public health safety literacy scale had a good reliability,validity,stability and item constancy.It can be used in measurement of the public health and safety literacy of university freshmen.