This consensus focuses on the clinical application of domestic ultra-high-definition (UHD) medical endoscopes in cardiovascular surgery, addressing their clinical value, key technical aspects, and strategies for broader implementation. It traces the evolution of domestic endoscopic platforms from high-resolution imaging toward integrated advanced functionalities such as fluorescence imaging, three-dimensional visualization, and intelligent assistance. The document outlines standardized procedural steps and perioperative management pathways for minimally invasive endoscopic cardiovascular surgery and summarizes specific application scenarios and technical considerations in congenital heart disease, valvular disorders, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, and cardiac tumors. Furthermore, recommendations are provided regarding professional training, multicenter collaboration, the establishment of clinical evaluation systems, and coordinated policy-industry support to promote standardized adoption and high-quality dissemination of domestic medical devices. Based on available evidence and expert agreement, 16 consensus statements are presented, aiming to offer authoritative and actionable guidance for clinical practice.

Objective:o evaluate the clinical efficacy of the induced membrane technique combined with an antibiotic-impregnated bone cement-coated plate fixation in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of the distal femur.Methods:A retrospective study was performed on patients diagnosed with chronic osteomyelitis of the distal femur, who received the induced membrane technique combined with an antibiotic-impregnated bone cement-coated plate fixation at Southwest Hospital from November 2016 to December 2022. All patients underwent a two-stage surgical protocol. Stage I involved thorough debridement, placement of antibiotic-impregnated bone cement spacers, and internal fixation with antibiotic-impregnated bone cement-coated plates. Stage II comprised internal fixation for the repair and reconstruction of bone defects. Intraoperatively, microbial culture, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and pathological examination were conducted on bone tissue lesion samples to guide targeted anti-infective therapy. Postoperatively, laboratory markers including C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), along with clinical manifestations (e.g., incision drainage, redness, fever, and pain), were monitored to exclude infection recurrence. Infection control was ultimately confirmed by intraoperative frozen section analysis during the second stage. Additionally, bone healing was evaluated via X-ray of the affected limb every month after the second-stage surgery, and lower limb function was assessed using the final knee range of motion (ROM) and the lower extremity function scale (LEFS).Results:A total of 104 patients met the inclusion criteria, including 70 males and 34 females, with a mean age of 35.2±12.13 years. Thirty-seven patients were diagnosed with chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis (CHO) and 67 with post-traumatic osteomyelitis (PTOM). The mean follow-up was 25.48±6.61 months (range, 12-38 months). After the first-stage surgery, infection recurred in 6 CHO and 15 PTOM patients, requiring repeated debridement. Two CHO patients experienced infection recurrence after second-stage reconstruction, which was successfully controlled with further staged treatment. Five PTOM patients developed nonunion after second-stage bone grafting but ultimately achieved bone union after revision surgery. At final follow-up, CRP levels were 4.45±4.23 mg/L (CHO) and 5.16±4.26 mg/L (PTOM), and ESR levels were 5.47±7.42 mm/h (CHO) and 8.51±8.72 mm/h (PTOM), all significantly lower than preoperative values (CRP: CHO 68.31±65.61, PTOM 42.71±80.46; ESR: CHO 52.18±34.29, PTOM 45.87±39.13; all P<0.05). All patients ultimately achieved bone union. One PTOM patient with a preoperative rupture of the knee extensor mechanism had limited improvement in ROM (15° preoperatively vs. 12° at 4-year follow-up). In the remaining patients, knee ROM at final follow-up was significantly improved (CHO: 101.38°±43.73°, PTOM: 94.28°±43.94°) compared with preoperative values (CHO: 57.17°± 4.53°, PTOM: 39.61°±52.61°; all P<0.05). The final LEFS scores were 72.18±9.51 (CHO) and 71.66±10.25 (PTOM). Conclusion:The findings of this study demonstrate that the combination of the "Chongqing Technique" and the "Membrane-Induced Technique" is effective in eradicating chronic osteomyelitis of the distal femur, promoting bone healing, and restoring satisfactory knee joint function.

ObjectiveTo analyze the reported cases of infectious diseases across different tiers of public medical and healthcare institutions in Minhang District, Shanghai from 2013 to 2023, to investigate the status and changes in reported infectious diseases in this district from a temporal, etiological, and demographic perspectives, so as to provide a scientific basis for the construction of a hierarchica early-warning surveillance system under the grading diagnosis and treatment model in medical institutions, as well as for optimizing sentinel surveillance at facilities of different levels. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed using surveillance data from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System in Minhang District from 2013 to 2023. Reported infectious diseases were categorized into three categories based on transmission routes: respiratory infectious diseases, intestinal infectious diseases, and sexually transmitted and blood borne infectious diseases. According to the implementation phase of the grading diagnosis and treatment policy, the research time was divided into four time periods: 2013‒2016, 2017‒2019, 2020‒2022, and 2023. The distribution and temporal changes of reported cases of infectious diseases were compared across community health service centers (CHCs), secondary hospitals, tertiary grade-A hospitals and tertiary grade-B hospitals. Chi-square test was used for univariate analysis of differences in the number of reported cases. Quantitative data with normal distribution were analyzed using parametric tests, otherwise, Kruskal⁃Wallis H tests were used. ResultsThe proportions of total reported cases of infectious diseases in medical institutions at all levels in Minhang District, Shanghai from 2013 to 2023 were 10.66% in CHCs, 9.10% in secondary hospitals, 64.95% in tertiary grade-B hospitals, and 15.29% in tertiary grade-A hospitals, with an overall decline and then rebound trend in the reported cases. After the implementation of grading diagnosis and treatment policy, the number of reported cases in CHCs and secondary hospitals showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, while that in tertiary grade-B hospitals showed a steady decreasing trend and that in tertiary grade-A hospitals showed an increasing trend. In terms of the research periods divided above, a total of 10 392 cases were reported in 2013‒2016 (70.34% from tertiary grade-B hospitals and 12.59% from CHCs), including 2 922 cases of respiratory infectious diseases, 1 241 cases of intestinal infectious diseases, and 6 229 cases of sexually transmitted and blood-borne infectious diseases. Between 2017 and 2019, a total of 6 967 cases were reported (73.49% from tertiary grade-B hospitals and 11.84% from tertiary grade-A hospitals), including 2 983 cases of respiratory infectious diseases, 279 cases of intestinal infectious diseases, and 3 705 cases of sexually transmitted and blood-borne infectious diseases. Between 2020 and 2022, a total of 4 599 cases were reported (69.92% from tertiary grade-B hospitals and 24.57% from tertiary grade-A hospitals), including 1 627 cases of respiratory infectious diseases, 123 cases of intestinal infectious diseases, and 2 849 cases of sexually transmitted and blood-borne infectious diseases. In 2023, a total of 4 648 cases were reported (35.20% from tertiary grade-B hospitals and 27.50% from tertiary grade-A hospitals), including 3 165 cases of respiratory infectious diseases, 69 cases of intestinal infectious diseases, and 1 414 cases of sexually transmitted and blood-borne infectious diseases. The proportion of reported cases from tertiary grade-B hospitals was the highest in all the four research periods, but exhibited an obvious decrease in 2023. The differences in the reported cases of infectious diseases with different transmission routes among medical institutions at all levels were statistically significant (χ²=3 225.628, P<0.05). The differences in the mean age of patients among medical institutions at all levels were statistically significant (H=1 325.927, P<0.05). ConclusionThere are significant differences in the number of reported cases of infectious disease in the medical institutions at different levels. Tertiary grade-B hospitals have historically dominated the number of reported cases, but its share has declined recently. Whereas, CHCs and tertiary grade-A hospitals have played an increasingly important role in the surveillance and early warning of respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases. Therefore, it is recommended to leverage the strengths of grading diagnosis and treatment to establish targeted sentinel sites and deploy specialized teams tailored to the epidemiological characteristics of specific disease categories.

ObjectiveTo explore the establishment of performance assessment indicators for the classification and grading of public health staff in district-level Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs), and to provide a basis for such evaluations. MethodsThrough literature review and group interviews, performance evaluation indicators were developed based on competency evaluation. Experts were invited to evaluate the weight of performance evaluation indicators for public health staff from different categories, with the average value used to represent the weight of each indicator. ResultsTwenty-nine experts from universities in Shanghai, municipal CDCs, and district CDCs participated, yielding an expert authority coefficient of 0.86. The performance evaluation indicators for department managers were categorized into three levels, with 4 indicators at the primary level, 16 indicators at the secondary level, and 42 indicators at the tertiary level, while those for general staff included 4 primary indicators, 15 secondary indicators, and 36 tertiary indicators. Significant differences were observed in the weight coefficients of the primary indicators (internal operations, professional work, and learning and growth) between department managers and general staff. The top three secondary indicators for department managers were department management, monitoring and prevention, and level of expertise. For mid-level and senior staff, the top three secondary indicators were monitoring and prevention, level of expertise, and research work. The top three secondary indicators for junior staff were monitoring and prevention, professional expertise, and professional attitude. No significant statistical differences were found among tertiary indicators. ConclusionThe developed performance evaluation indicators are reliable. Staff at different levels and classifications should be evaluated using different performance evaluation standards to accurately reflect individual performance and contributions.

Objective To compare and find an optimal model for predicting the risk of DKD occurrence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 2005 patients with T2DM were enrolled in this study from The Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang City during December 2017 to December 2022.All the subjects were divided into a training set(n=1403)and a validation set(n=602)according to the ratio of 3∶1 by simple random sampling.With the occurrence of DKD as the outcome variablein the training set,important feature variables were screened by LASSO regression.Six different machine learning models were established according to the feature variables,thenthe optimal model was determined by comparison,and anonlinerisk predictor for DKD occurrence was constructed in patients with T2DM.Results Taking the occurrence of DKD as the outcome variable in the training set,the results of LASSO regression analysis showed that the optimal value of the model was 10-fold cross validation lambda.1se=0.01662473,and 15 characteristic variables with nonzero coefficient were screened out to be related to the occurrence of DKD.The data included sex,age,family history of DM,DM duration,LDL-C,HbA1c,WBC,PDW,Scr,urine α1-microglobulin,urine β2-microglobulin,urine microalbumin,hypertension,hypokalemia,and DR.In the training set and validation set,the prediction performance of XGBoost model was better than that of other models(AUC=0.872,0.893,95%CI 0.853～0.891,0.865～0.921),the sensitivity was 0.779,0.863,and the specificity was 0.721,0.758,respectively.The F1 scores were 0.774 and 0.787.DCA analysis showed that the XGBoost model had a greater net benefit and threshold probability.According to the XGBoost model,the online predictor of DKD risk in T2DM patients was laid out,and two patients were selected for application,the results showed that the predictive value of the model was 0.185 in non-DKD patients,and the predictive value was 0.510 in DKD patients.Conclusions The XGBoost model is the best model for predicting the occurrence of DKD in T2DM patients,and an online predictor was successfully built.

Iron is involved in several activities in the brain, including energy metabolism, neurotransmitter transmission, and myelination. Disorder of peripheral iron metabolism and excessive iron accumulation in the brain can reduce cognitive and behavioral ability through pathological mechanisms such as inflammatory response and abnormal protein expression, leading to cognitive disorders. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), as a new non-invasive magnetic resonance technique, can quantitatively measure brain iron deposition, clarify the relationship between cognitive disorders and iron homeostasis imbalance, and provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the diseases. This article reviews the latest research progress of QSM in brain iron deposition associated with cognitive disorders.

Objective:o evaluate the clinical efficacy of the induced membrane technique combined with an antibiotic-impregnated bone cement-coated plate fixation in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of the distal femur.Methods:A retrospective study was performed on patients diagnosed with chronic osteomyelitis of the distal femur, who received the induced membrane technique combined with an antibiotic-impregnated bone cement-coated plate fixation at Southwest Hospital from November 2016 to December 2022. All patients underwent a two-stage surgical protocol. Stage I involved thorough debridement, placement of antibiotic-impregnated bone cement spacers, and internal fixation with antibiotic-impregnated bone cement-coated plates. Stage II comprised internal fixation for the repair and reconstruction of bone defects. Intraoperatively, microbial culture, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and pathological examination were conducted on bone tissue lesion samples to guide targeted anti-infective therapy. Postoperatively, laboratory markers including C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), along with clinical manifestations (e.g., incision drainage, redness, fever, and pain), were monitored to exclude infection recurrence. Infection control was ultimately confirmed by intraoperative frozen section analysis during the second stage. Additionally, bone healing was evaluated via X-ray of the affected limb every month after the second-stage surgery, and lower limb function was assessed using the final knee range of motion (ROM) and the lower extremity function scale (LEFS).Results:A total of 104 patients met the inclusion criteria, including 70 males and 34 females, with a mean age of 35.2±12.13 years. Thirty-seven patients were diagnosed with chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis (CHO) and 67 with post-traumatic osteomyelitis (PTOM). The mean follow-up was 25.48±6.61 months (range, 12-38 months). After the first-stage surgery, infection recurred in 6 CHO and 15 PTOM patients, requiring repeated debridement. Two CHO patients experienced infection recurrence after second-stage reconstruction, which was successfully controlled with further staged treatment. Five PTOM patients developed nonunion after second-stage bone grafting but ultimately achieved bone union after revision surgery. At final follow-up, CRP levels were 4.45±4.23 mg/L (CHO) and 5.16±4.26 mg/L (PTOM), and ESR levels were 5.47±7.42 mm/h (CHO) and 8.51±8.72 mm/h (PTOM), all significantly lower than preoperative values (CRP: CHO 68.31±65.61, PTOM 42.71±80.46; ESR: CHO 52.18±34.29, PTOM 45.87±39.13; all P<0.05). All patients ultimately achieved bone union. One PTOM patient with a preoperative rupture of the knee extensor mechanism had limited improvement in ROM (15° preoperatively vs. 12° at 4-year follow-up). In the remaining patients, knee ROM at final follow-up was significantly improved (CHO: 101.38°±43.73°, PTOM: 94.28°±43.94°) compared with preoperative values (CHO: 57.17°± 4.53°, PTOM: 39.61°±52.61°; all P<0.05). The final LEFS scores were 72.18±9.51 (CHO) and 71.66±10.25 (PTOM). Conclusion:The findings of this study demonstrate that the combination of the "Chongqing Technique" and the "Membrane-Induced Technique" is effective in eradicating chronic osteomyelitis of the distal femur, promoting bone healing, and restoring satisfactory knee joint function.

Objective To compare and find an optimal model for predicting the risk of DKD occurrence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 2005 patients with T2DM were enrolled in this study from The Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang City during December 2017 to December 2022.All the subjects were divided into a training set(n=1403)and a validation set(n=602)according to the ratio of 3∶1 by simple random sampling.With the occurrence of DKD as the outcome variablein the training set,important feature variables were screened by LASSO regression.Six different machine learning models were established according to the feature variables,thenthe optimal model was determined by comparison,and anonlinerisk predictor for DKD occurrence was constructed in patients with T2DM.Results Taking the occurrence of DKD as the outcome variable in the training set,the results of LASSO regression analysis showed that the optimal value of the model was 10-fold cross validation lambda.1se=0.01662473,and 15 characteristic variables with nonzero coefficient were screened out to be related to the occurrence of DKD.The data included sex,age,family history of DM,DM duration,LDL-C,HbA1c,WBC,PDW,Scr,urine α1-microglobulin,urine β2-microglobulin,urine microalbumin,hypertension,hypokalemia,and DR.In the training set and validation set,the prediction performance of XGBoost model was better than that of other models(AUC=0.872,0.893,95%CI 0.853～0.891,0.865～0.921),the sensitivity was 0.779,0.863,and the specificity was 0.721,0.758,respectively.The F1 scores were 0.774 and 0.787.DCA analysis showed that the XGBoost model had a greater net benefit and threshold probability.According to the XGBoost model,the online predictor of DKD risk in T2DM patients was laid out,and two patients were selected for application,the results showed that the predictive value of the model was 0.185 in non-DKD patients,and the predictive value was 0.510 in DKD patients.Conclusions The XGBoost model is the best model for predicting the occurrence of DKD in T2DM patients,and an online predictor was successfully built.

Iron is involved in several activities in the brain, including energy metabolism, neurotransmitter transmission, and myelination. Disorder of peripheral iron metabolism and excessive iron accumulation in the brain can reduce cognitive and behavioral ability through pathological mechanisms such as inflammatory response and abnormal protein expression, leading to cognitive disorders. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), as a new non-invasive magnetic resonance technique, can quantitatively measure brain iron deposition, clarify the relationship between cognitive disorders and iron homeostasis imbalance, and provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the diseases. This article reviews the latest research progress of QSM in brain iron deposition associated with cognitive disorders.

177Lu-prostate specific membrane antigen(PSMA)radio-ligand therapy has been approved abroad for advanced prostate cancer and has been in several clinical trials in China.Based on domestic clinical practice and experimental data and referred to international experience and viewpoints,the expert group forms a consensus on the clinical application of 177Lu-PSMA radio-ligand therapy in prostate cancer to guide clinical practice.