Objective To explore the mechanism of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture against non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods The effective components of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture were screened by TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM database and literature reviews. The targets of effective components were predicted. NSCLC related targets were collected by GeneCards, OMIM, PharmGKB, TTD and Drugbank, combined with the differential genes of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture against Lewis lung cancer mice. The intersection targets of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture against NSCLC were obtained. Cytoscape software was used to construct the network diagram of traditional Chinese medicine-active ingredients-core targets. STRING database was used to construct PPI network diagram. GO function enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the intersection targets were performed by Metascape database to predict the key targets and active components of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture against NSCLC, and Schrodinger software was used to perform molecular docking verification. Results The 32 active components and 24 intersection targets of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture against NSCLC were obtained. 11 core targets such as ESR1, MAPK1 were found. The mechanism of action may be related to 30 signaling pathways such as cellular senescence, receptor activation, prolactin signaling pathway. Conclusion The active components of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture act on multiple targets and signaling pathways to regulate complex biological processes. By regulating ESR1 agsinst NSCLC, it may play an important role in improving the survival rate and prognosis of female patients.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is a malignant lesion originating from the oral mucosal squamous epithelium,account-ing for over 80％of oral and maxillofacial malignancies.Key etiological factors include tobacco,alcohol abuse,and betel quid chewing.In China,its incidence has shown an overall upward trend,posing a significant threat to public health.OSCC exhibits high local invasive-ness,making early diagnosis critical for improving prognosis.Its clinical management requires close multidisciplinary collaboration among oral and maxillofacial surgery,head and neck surgery,radiation oncology,medical oncology,reconstructive surgery,radiology,patholo-gy,and nutritional support teams.Given the increasing disease burden of OSCC and rapid development of multidisciplinary collaborative models,an expert panel has formulated this integrated management consensus based on evidence-based medicine and extensive deliber-ation.Centered on the'Prevention-Screening-Diagnosis-Treatment-Rehabilitation'framework,the consensus provides comprehensive guidance for the entire disease course of OSCC patients,aiming to standardize clinical practice.

Objective To explore the efficacy of a model combining clinicopathological characteristics and multiparametric MRI features for predicting BRCA-mutated breast cancer(BC).Methods A total of 256 BC patients were retrospectively selected and divided into BRCA mutation group(116 cases)and BRCA wild group(140 cases)based on the BRCA results.Chi-square tests or independ-ent sample t-tests were used to compare the differences in clinicopathological characteristics and multiparametric MRI features between the BRCA mutation group and the wild group.Risk factors for BRCA-mutated BC were identified through univariate and multivariate logistic regression ananlyses,and a combined predictive model was constructed.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to ana-lyze the diagnostic efficacy of the model.Results There were statistically significant differences in T stage,human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2),Ki-67,non-mass enhancement,enhancement pattern,time-signal intensity curve(TIC)type,and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)values between the BRCA mutation group and the wild group.Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that T stage,HER-2,Ki-67,non-mass enhancement,enhancement pattern,TIC type,and ADC values were risk factors for BRCA-mutated BC(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that T stage,HER-2,Ki-67,enhancement pattern,and TIC type were independent risk factors for BRCA-mutated BC(P<0.05).The combined model incorporating T stage,HER-2,Ki-67,enhancement pattern,and TIC type had the best diagnostic efficacy in predicting BRCA-mutated BC,with an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.751.Conclusion The combined model integrating T stage,HER-2,Ki-67,enhancement pattern,and TIC type has good efficacy in predicting BRCA-mutated BC.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) may result from various risk factors including genetic, epigenetic, and environmental elements. The parallel and synchronous development of the placenta and fetal heart establishes a regulatory relationship known as the placenta-heart axis. Placental insufficiency may impact fetal cardiac development, while abnormal cardiac development can conversely disrupt placental structure and function. This review examines the association between placental abnormalities and CHD, providing insights into the etiology and underlying mechanisms of CHD.

In recent decades,the incidence of human papillomavirus(HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(OPSCC)has shown a marked increase.Significant changes have also occurred in the OPSCC diagnosis and treatment paradigm.Deter-mining HPV status prior to treatment is now essential,and radiotherapy/chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and minimally invasive surgical techniques have progressively emerged as key modalities for managing OPSCC.However,alongside these paradigm shifts,a comprehen-sive technical consensus guiding the entire diagnostic and therapeutic process for OPSCC patients is currently lacking.Given China's large population base and the rising incidence of OPSCC,an expert panel convened to develop a clinical technical consensus on OPSCC diagno-sis and management tailored to China's specific context.This consensus aims to further enhance and standardize understanding of OPSCC management techniques among relevant healthcare professionals.

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(OPSCC)is a malignant tumor originating from the squamous epithelium of the oro-pharyngeal mucosa,accounting for more than 90％of oropharyngeal malignancies.In recent years,human papillomavirus(HPV)infec-tion has become one of the primary etiological factors of oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma.The incidence of HPV-associated oropharyn-geal squamous carcinoma has been rising annually,with a noticeable trend toward younger populations,posing a significant threat to hu-man health.Due to the distinct biological behavior and clinical characteristics of HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma com-pared to its non-HPV-related counterpart,the diagnostic and treatment strategies for oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma have undergone substantial changes.Prevention and screening for oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma are of critical importance.The diagnostic and treat-ment process involves multi-disciplinary collaboration,including oral and maxillofacial surgery,otolaryngology,head and neck surgery,oncology,radiology and pathology.Based on evidence from clinical practice,a comprehensive,integrated diagnostic and therapeutic ap-proach has been established,centered around the concept of"prevention,screening,diagnosis,treatment,and rehabilitation",covering the entire patient lifecycle and providing a valuable reference for clinical practice.

In recent decades,the incidence of human papillomavirus(HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(OPSCC)has shown a marked increase.Significant changes have also occurred in the OPSCC diagnosis and treatment paradigm.Deter-mining HPV status prior to treatment is now essential,and radiotherapy/chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and minimally invasive surgical techniques have progressively emerged as key modalities for managing OPSCC.However,alongside these paradigm shifts,a comprehen-sive technical consensus guiding the entire diagnostic and therapeutic process for OPSCC patients is currently lacking.Given China's large population base and the rising incidence of OPSCC,an expert panel convened to develop a clinical technical consensus on OPSCC diagno-sis and management tailored to China's specific context.This consensus aims to further enhance and standardize understanding of OPSCC management techniques among relevant healthcare professionals.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,treatment strategies,and prognostic factors of adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC)of the external auditory canal(EAC),and to provide evidence for optimizing surgical extent and adjuvant therapy.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 58 patients with pathologically confirmed ACC of the EAC treated in Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University,between January 2001 and December 2021.All patients underwent surgical treatment,with some receiving adjuvant radiotherapy.The primary outcome was local recurrence,while secondary outcomes included overall survival(OS)and local recurrence-free survival(LRFS).Survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method,and Cox regression models were used to identify risk factors for recurrence.Results The median follow-up time for the entire cohort was 6.27(3.25,11.30)years.The 1-year,3-year,and 5-year OS rates were 96.55％,91.37％,and 89.66％.43.10％of cases were classified as T4 stage at diagnosis,indicating advanced local progression.Local recurrence occurred in 23 patients(39.66％),and distant metastasis was observed in 28 patients(48.28％),with pulmonary metastasis accounting for 92.86％of cases.Multivariate analysis revealed that the solid histological pattern(HR=2.729,95％CI:1.025-7.226,P=0.044)and perineural invasion(PNI)(HR=9.891,95％CI:3.525-27.752,P＜0.01)were independent risk factors for local recurrence.Conclusion ACC of the EAC is characterized by a high propensity for local recurrence and distant metastasis.The solid histological pattern and perineural invasion are critical prognostic determinants.Multimodal therapy(surgery combined with adjuvant radiotherapy)may improve clinical outcomes,and early diagnosis and intervention are pivotal for enhancing survival rates.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is a malignant lesion originating from the oral mucosal squamous epithelium,account-ing for over 80％of oral and maxillofacial malignancies.Key etiological factors include tobacco,alcohol abuse,and betel quid chewing.In China,its incidence has shown an overall upward trend,posing a significant threat to public health.OSCC exhibits high local invasive-ness,making early diagnosis critical for improving prognosis.Its clinical management requires close multidisciplinary collaboration among oral and maxillofacial surgery,head and neck surgery,radiation oncology,medical oncology,reconstructive surgery,radiology,patholo-gy,and nutritional support teams.Given the increasing disease burden of OSCC and rapid development of multidisciplinary collaborative models,an expert panel has formulated this integrated management consensus based on evidence-based medicine and extensive deliber-ation.Centered on the'Prevention-Screening-Diagnosis-Treatment-Rehabilitation'framework,the consensus provides comprehensive guidance for the entire disease course of OSCC patients,aiming to standardize clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,treatment strategies,and prognostic factors of adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC)of the external auditory canal(EAC),and to provide evidence for optimizing surgical extent and adjuvant therapy.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 58 patients with pathologically confirmed ACC of the EAC treated in Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University,between January 2001 and December 2021.All patients underwent surgical treatment,with some receiving adjuvant radiotherapy.The primary outcome was local recurrence,while secondary outcomes included overall survival(OS)and local recurrence-free survival(LRFS).Survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method,and Cox regression models were used to identify risk factors for recurrence.Results The median follow-up time for the entire cohort was 6.27(3.25,11.30)years.The 1-year,3-year,and 5-year OS rates were 96.55％,91.37％,and 89.66％.43.10％of cases were classified as T4 stage at diagnosis,indicating advanced local progression.Local recurrence occurred in 23 patients(39.66％),and distant metastasis was observed in 28 patients(48.28％),with pulmonary metastasis accounting for 92.86％of cases.Multivariate analysis revealed that the solid histological pattern(HR=2.729,95％CI:1.025-7.226,P=0.044)and perineural invasion(PNI)(HR=9.891,95％CI:3.525-27.752,P＜0.01)were independent risk factors for local recurrence.Conclusion ACC of the EAC is characterized by a high propensity for local recurrence and distant metastasis.The solid histological pattern and perineural invasion are critical prognostic determinants.Multimodal therapy(surgery combined with adjuvant radiotherapy)may improve clinical outcomes,and early diagnosis and intervention are pivotal for enhancing survival rates.