【Objective】 To investigate the development of adaptability in children aged 2 - 6, and to explore its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for promoting the development of adaptability in young children. 【Methods】 Data were from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for Children in China, and 3 319 children aged 2 - 6 and their parents from 28 sites across 14 provinces were recruited in this study.The Development Scale for Children Aged 0 - 6 years (WS/T 580-2017) was used to measure the developmental quotient of children′s adaptive ability, and a survey questionnaire was used to collect relevant information about children and their parents. 【Results】 Among 3 319 children aged 2 - 6, the proportion of slightly low or low level of adaptability, moderate adaptability development, good and excellent adaptability development was 7.68%,66.25% and 26.06%, respectively.The proportion of children aged 5 - 6 with good and excellent adaptability was lower in 3-year-old and 4-year-old groups (χ²=59.29, P<0.05).Multiple stepwise linear regression showed that children′s gender (β=0.06), gestational age of birth (β=-0.05), only child (β=-0.04), left-behind child (β=-0.04), the main caregiver (β=-0.06), and the education level of parents (β=0.09, 0.10), whether parents actively pay attention to children′s emotions (β=-0.06) and whether children play with homemade toys (β=-0.04) were the influencing factors of children′s adaptive development quotient.Girls, full-term children, only children, non-left-behind children, children with parents as main caregivers, parents with a high level of education, parents who often take the initiative to pay attention to children′s emotions, and children who play with homemade toys had a higher level of adaptability development quotient. 【Conclusions】 The development level of adaptability in children aged 2 - 6 in China is mostly above the average level and is related to multiple factors.Targeted intervention work can be carried out on relevant factors in order to promote the development of children′s adaptability.

Objective:The transjugular or transfemoral approach is used as a common method for hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement in current practice. This study aims to confirm the safety and effectiveness of measuring HVPG via the forearm venous approach.Methods:Prospective recruitment was conducted for patients with cirrhosis who underwent HVPG measurement via the forearm venous approach at six hospitals in China and Japan from September 2020 to December 2020. Patients' clinical baseline information and HVPG measurement data were collected. The right median cubital vein or basilic vein approach for all enrolled patients was selected. The HVPG standard process was used to measure pressure. Research data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 statistical software. Quantitative data were used to represent medians (interquartile ranges), while qualitative data were used to represent frequency and rates. The correlation between two sets of data was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis.Results:A total of 43 cases were enrolled in this study. Of these, 41 (95.3%) successfully underwent HVPG measurement via the forearm venous approach. None of the patients had any serious complications. The median operation time for HVPG detection via forearm vein was 18.0 minutes (12.3~38.8 minutes). This study confirmed that HVPG was positively closely related to Child-Pugh score ( r = 0.47, P = 0.002), albumin-bilirubin score ( r = 0.37, P = 0.001), Lok index ( r = 0.36, P = 0.02), liver stiffness ( r = 0.58, P = 0.01), and spleen stiffness ( r = 0.77, P = 0.01), while negatively correlated with albumin ( r = -0.42, P = 0.006). Conclusion:The results of this multi-centre retrospective study suggest that HVPG measurement via the forearm venous approach is safe and feasible.

Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Yufu ointment for acute radiation-induced skin injury. Methods:We enrolled a total of 104 patients with malignant tumors who developed acute skin injury of grade 2-3 during or after the first course of radiotherapy from June 2019 to February 2023. The observation group ( n=53) and control group ( n=51) received external application of Yufu ointment and Shirun Shaoshang ointment, respectively. We recorded the changes in the grade of skin injury and associated symptoms (such as pain, itching, and burning sensation) and healing speed and time for the two groups. Results:A total of 102 patients completed the study, with 53 cases in the observation group and 49 cases in the control group. The incidence rate of moisture skin lesions in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (62.26% vs. 83.67%, P<0.05). The healing speed of moisture skin ulcerations was significantly faster in the observation group than in the control group (1.67 cm 2/d vs. 0.55 cm 2/d, P<0.05). The observation group had a significantly shorter time to skin injury healing than the control group (10.40 d vs. 14.41 d, P<0.05), significantly different for skin injury of grade 2 (10.21 d vs. 17.57 d, P<0.05) but not for skin injury of grades 2.5 and 3 ( P>0.05). Regarding clinical symptoms, both groups experienced significant reductions in pain and burning sensation scores after treatment ( P<0.05); the grade of itching was significantly decreased for the observation group ( P<0.05), but had no significant change for the control group after treatment ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Yufu ointment can significantly alleviate secondary damage for patients with acute radiation-induced skin injury, by accelerating the healing process and relieving symptoms such as pain, itching, and burning sensation with good tolerability, which deserves further promotion.

Objective: To explore the association between dietary patterns during pregnancy and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), so as to provide the guidance of diet balance and GDM prevention for pregnant women. Methods: Pregnant women who underwent prenatal examination at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from December 2021 to July 2022 were selected as the subjects. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was employed at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation to diagnose GDM. The questionnaire of "The Survey on Nutrition and Health of Pregnant Women in China" was used to collect general information, food intake frequency and amount during a month before OGTT. Dietary patterns were determined by factor analysis, and the association between dietary patterns and the development of GDM was identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 449 pregnant women were included, with a median (interquartile range) age of 31.00 (5.00) years and a median (interquartile range) gestational age of 35.00 (3.00) weeks. There were 7 dietary patterns named potato-cereal pattern, poultry-meat-dessert pattern, milk-egg-aquatic product pattern, mushroom-vegetable-offal pattern, fruit-bean pattern, pickle-wheaten food pattern, and beverage-nut pattern according to the food types with high factor loads. There were 89 cases diagnosed as GDM, with a prevalence rate of 19.82%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the development of GDM was associated with the poultry-meat-dessert pattern (OR=0.242, 95%CI: 0.086-0.678) and the fruit-bean pattern (OR=0.093, 95%CI: 0.025-0.342), compared with the potato-cereal pattern. Conclusion Compared to the potato-cereal pattern, the poultry-meat-dessert pattern and the fruit-bean pattern may reduce the risk of GDM. Key words： gestational diabetes mellitus dietary pattern pregnant woman low carbohydrate diet

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of miRNAs in alcoholic liver injury in rats.Methods Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into model and control groups.The model group was gavaged with 56%liquor and the control group was gavaged with distilled water for 8 weeks.Liver tissue was collected,miRNAs were analyzed,and target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted by a rat miRNA chip.Gene ontology(GO)and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were used to understand the function of differentially expressed miRNA target genes.A differentially expressed miRNA-mRNA-pathway regulatory network was constructed using Cytoscape to further screen important regulatory miRNAs versus important pathways.RT-qPCR was performed for selected miRNAs to validate the expression analysis.Results Twelve differentially expressed miRNAs(P<0.05,Fold change≥2)were screened out,including two upregulated and 10 downregulated miRNAs by comparative analysis of microarray data between model and control groups.GO classification annotation of differential miRNA target genes showed close associations between differentially expressed miRNAs and biological functions such as signal transduction,metabolic processes,antioxidant activity,cell killing,enzyme regulatory activity and biological regulation.Differentially expressed miRNA target genes in KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the AMPK signaling pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,Hippo signaling pathway,Wnt signaling pathway,cancer,autophagy,insulin resistance,Ras signaling pathway,and other signaling pathways might play major regulatory roles in alcoholic liver injury lesions.Hub miRNAs and pathways screened by constructing the differentially expressed miRNA-mRNA-pathway regulatory network were miR-145-5p,miR-107-3p,miR-297,Hippo signaling pathway,cancer,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,and AMPK signaling pathway.qRT-PCR validated the gene expression trends,and gene chip result were consistent.Conclusions We established an miRNA profile of alcoholic liver injury in rats,which suggests that miR-145-5p,miR-107-3p,and miR-297 play major roles in the process of alcoholic liver pathology.

Objective : To investigate the mechanism of miRNAs in glycyrrhizic acid treatment of alcohol⁃induced liver injury in rats . Methods : 45 male SD rats were randomly divided into glycyrrhizin group , model group and control group . The rats in glycyrrhizin group were given 56% liquor and glycyrrhizin , the rats in model group were given 56% liquor , and the rats in control group were given distilled water for 8 weeks . The blood was collected and the serum was separated by centrifugation to detect the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) . RNA were extracted from liver tissues , miRNAs were detected by rat miRNA microarray , and their expression levels were analyzed . The miRNA target genes of differential miRNA were predicted . Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG Pathway enrichment analysis were used to understand the function of differential miRNA , and the differential miRNA⁃mRNA⁃Pathway regulatory network was constructed using Cytoscape to further screen the regulatory key miRNA and key pathways . qRT⁃PCR was used to verify the expression of selected miRNA . Results : Compared with the model group , the glycyrrhizin group could significantly improve the liver tissue lesions , and reduce the liver serum AST and ALT levels (P < 0. 05) . Compared the microarray data of glycyrrhizin group and model group , a total of 13 differentially expressed miRNA were screened ( P < 0. 05 , fold change ≥ 1 . 5) , of which 10 were up⁃regulated and 3 were down⁃regulated . The GO classification annotation of differential miRNA target genes showed that differential miRNA were related to cell adhesion , antioxidant activity , metabolic process , biological process regulation , cell killing , immune system and other functions . The KEGG Pathway analyling pathway , Hippo signaling pathway , PI3K⁃Akt signaling pathway , wnt signaling pathway , apoptosis and other signaling pathways might play an important regulatory role in the improvement of alcoholic liver injury by glycyrrhic acid . Conclusion This study established the miRNA expression profile of glycyrrhizin in the treatment of alcoholic liver injury in rats , suggested that miR⁃615 , miR⁃107 ⁃3p and miR⁃292⁃5p might play an important role in the treatment of alcoholic liver injury by glycyrrhizin .

Objective: To explore the relationship between anemia and neuropsychological development in various domains among preschool children in China. Methods: Data came from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children in China, and 3 261 preschool children aged 2-6 years and their parents from 28 sites across 14 provinces were recruited in this study. Parental and child characteristics were obtained by interview administrated questionnaires. Blood hemoglobin(Hb) concentration was determined by Hemocue method. Neuropsychological development quotients were assessed using the Development Scale for Children Aged 0-6 Years(WS/T 580-2017). Results: The average Hb level was (125.23±11.49)g/L and the overall anemia prevalence was 10.30% among preschool children. After adjusting the confounding factors(sex, age, ethnicity, region, feeding mode, maternal status during pregnancy, etc), developmental quotients of gross motor( β=-2.15, 95%CI =-3.89--0.41), fine motor( β=-2.46, 95%CI =-4.12--0.79), adaptive behavior( β=-2.59, 95%CI =-4.42--0.76), language( β=-3.65, 95%CI =-5.53--1.78), personal social behavior( β=-3.11, 95%CI =-4.94--1.28) and full scale( β=-2.79, 95%CI =-4.10--1.49) among children with anemia were significantly lower than non anemic infants( P <0.05). Conclusion Anemia was negatively associated with developmental quotient, as well as five domains of gross motor, fine motor, adaptive behavior, language, and personal social behavior in preschool children aged 2-6 years. It is suggested to carry out the work of anemia monitoring and intervention in preschool children to further improve their neuropsychological development.

Objective: To explore relationship between screen time and myopia in children aged 11-14 years in China. Methods: The data were extracted from "National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey and Application for 0-18 Years Old Children". A total of 12 397 children aged 11-14 years old from 14 provinces and 28 districts/counties in seven regions of China were surveyed by using multi stage stratified random sampling method. Daily screen time and visual acuity information were collected through a questionnaire. Results: The myopia rate of 11-14 years old children in China was 45.0%, among which the rate of girls was higher than that of boys, and the rate of urban was higher than that of rural, and it increased with age ( χ 2=178.82,79.25, 495.96 , P <0.01). The daily screen time median of 12 397 children was 40.0 minutes, with boys(40.0 min) longer than girls( 35.0 min ) and urban children(40 min) longer than rural children(33.0 min) ( χ 2=20.86，102.68， P <0.01). The myopia rate of boys ( 42.5 %) with daily screen time greater than or equal to 60 minutes was higher than that of boys (36.4%) with daily screen time less than 60 minutes, and the myopia rate of girls (55.6%) with daily screen time greater than or equal to 60 minutes was higher than that of girls (48.0%)( χ 2=23.62，34.15， P <0.01). After adjusting for age, gender, region, time of medium and high intensity physical activity, intake of sugary food and sugary beverages, daily sleep time, multivariable Logistic regression model showed that girls with daily screen time greater than or equal to 60 minutes ( OR=1.14, 95%CI =1.03-1.27) had a higher risk of myopia than those with less than 60 minutes. After adjusting for confounding factors, there was no correlation between daily screen time and the degree of myopia in boys or girls( P >0.05). Conclusion Daily screen time greater than or equal to 60 minutes may be a risk factor for myopia in girls aged 11 to 14 years old. Given the complexity of the factors that affect vision, researches are needed to examine the relationship between screen time and myopia.

Objective To evaluate the left ventricle systolic function in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI) by speckle tracking imaging and to observe the indicators in bicuspid aortic valves(BAV) and tricuspid aortic valves(TAV) groups.Methods Twenty nine patients with AS were enrolled,all of them underwent TAVI successfully.The regular echocardiography and 3D full-volume images were acquired on before and 3 days,1 month after TAVI.Longitudinal strain,circumferential strain,and three-dimensional left ventricle ejection fraction(3D-LVEF) were analyzed using Qlab software.Results Compared with the baseline,aortic valve blood flow velocity (AV),maximum aortic valve pressure gradient (AVPG-max),mean aortic valve pressure gradient (AVPG-mean),aortic valve area(AVA) after TAVI were improved significantly.Global longitudinal strain(GLS) had a improvement on 3 days after TAVI(all P ＜0.001),and further increased during 1 month after TAVI (all P ＜0.001).Global circumferential strain(GCS) were increased during 1 month after TAVI(all P ＜ 0.001).The 3D-LVEF after 1 month were improved significantly(all P ＜0.001).The BAV patients and TAV patients had similar changes in all of indicators observed.Conclusions The left ventricle systolic function has early improvement after TAVI,and further recovery during follow-up.The BAV patients can obtain a benefit from TAVI equally to the TAV patients.

Objective To obtain different fragments of human carboxypeptidase H,and evaluate the diagnostic application of the recombination carboxypeptidase H in detecting autoantibody.Methods The coding gene of carboxypeptidase H was ob-tained by RT-PCR.The corresponding prokaryotic expression vectors were constructed and transformed into E.coli to in-duce the expression of the recombination different fragments of carboxypeptidase H.Using these antigen fragments as the coating antigens,the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)was established for the detection of carboxypeptidase H autoantibody in 95 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients.Results Three fragments of human carboxypeptidase H were obtained,in which the 42~476aa fragment antigen was ideal one.Using the full-length carboxypeptidase H as coating anti-gen,the positive rate of carboxypeptidase H autoantibody was 8.42%.Conclusion Because of the favorable antigenicity,the 42~476aa fragment antigen of carboxypeptidase H could be the candidate antigen for discrimination and diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.