BACKGROUND:Patellar tendonitis can present as tendon degeneration that fails to heal due to tissue overload and incomplete recovery.Patellar tendonitis is a predisposition to high jumping and its pathogenesis has not been clearly defined.OBJECTIVE:To explore the stress-strain relationship of patellar tendon in the take-off technique of high jump through the finite element model with accurate human anatomical structure,so as to provide ideas for the prevention and rehabilitation of patellar tendinitis.METHODS:Based on the CT and MRI imaging data of the lower extremity(including the knee and ankle)of one subject(22 years old,183 cm height,70 kg body mass),a three-dimensional finite element model of the lower extremity was reconstructed using medical imaging software,reverse engineering software and modeling software.The plantar pressure of the take-off leg was collected in eight subjects by gait testing system,and the technical action of high jump take-off was collected by motion capture system.The captured data were imported into human sports biomechanics software for analysis,and kinematic and kinetic data were obtained as the boundary conditions of finite element model for finite element simulation analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The force borne by the patellar tendon reached 3.29 times of its own body mass when the subjects took off.In the take-off stage,the peak values of normal equivalent stress,strain and shear stress of the patellar tendon were 127.76 MPa,0.81 and 37.69 MPa,respectively,which were in the nonlinear region of the stress-strain curve,and the peak values were distributed in the proximal and posterior parts of patellar tendon.To conclude,the high patellar tendon force,strain and shear stress caused by the load of 3.29 times its own body mass during take-off are related to the induction of patellar tendinitis.

BACKGROUND:Patellar tendonitis can present as tendon degeneration that fails to heal due to tissue overload and incomplete recovery.Patellar tendonitis is a predisposition to high jumping and its pathogenesis has not been clearly defined.OBJECTIVE:To explore the stress-strain relationship of patellar tendon in the take-off technique of high jump through the finite element model with accurate human anatomical structure,so as to provide ideas for the prevention and rehabilitation of patellar tendinitis.METHODS:Based on the CT and MRI imaging data of the lower extremity(including the knee and ankle)of one subject(22 years old,183 cm height,70 kg body mass),a three-dimensional finite element model of the lower extremity was reconstructed using medical imaging software,reverse engineering software and modeling software.The plantar pressure of the take-off leg was collected in eight subjects by gait testing system,and the technical action of high jump take-off was collected by motion capture system.The captured data were imported into human sports biomechanics software for analysis,and kinematic and kinetic data were obtained as the boundary conditions of finite element model for finite element simulation analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The force borne by the patellar tendon reached 3.29 times of its own body mass when the subjects took off.In the take-off stage,the peak values of normal equivalent stress,strain and shear stress of the patellar tendon were 127.76 MPa,0.81 and 37.69 MPa,respectively,which were in the nonlinear region of the stress-strain curve,and the peak values were distributed in the proximal and posterior parts of patellar tendon.To conclude,the high patellar tendon force,strain and shear stress caused by the load of 3.29 times its own body mass during take-off are related to the induction of patellar tendinitis.

Objective:To evaluate the perioperative safety and long-term complications of simultaneous bilateral cochlear implantation（BCI） in young infants, providing reference data for clinical BCI in young children. Methods:Seventy-four infants aged 6-23 months with congenital severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss who were candidates for cochlear implantation at the Department of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital between August 2018 and August 2019 were consecutively enrolled. Parents made the decision to implant either unilaterally or bilaterally. Participants were divided into unilateral cochlear implantation（UCI） group（before and after 12 months of age） and simultaneous BCI group（before and after 12 months of age）. Safety indicators, including perioperative risk variables, complications, and other postoperative adverse events were monitored, with complications followed up for 5-6 years. Comparisons were made between the BCI and UCI, as well as between implantation before and after 12 months of age regarding perioperative safety and long-term complications. Results:A total of 40 BCI patients（23 before 12 months, 17 after 12 months） and 34 UCI patients（20 before 12 months, 14 after 12 months） were included in the study. Regarding perioperative risk variables, the BCI group showed significantly longer anesthesia duration, operative time, and greater blood loss compared to the UCI group, though less than twice that of the UCI group; no anesthetic complications occurred in either group; and there was no significant difference in postoperative hospital stay between the groups. Regarding surgical complications during the 5-year follow-up period, the BCI group experienced 7 complications（2 major, 5 minor）, while the UCI group had 7 complications（1 major, 6 minor）, with no statistical differences between groups. Regarding other postoperative adverse events, the BCI group demonstrated significantly higher total adverse event rates than the UCI group（80.0% vs 38.2%）, with higher rates of moderate to severe anemia（60.0% vs 20.6%） and lower mean hemoglobin levels[（92.35±12.14） g/L vs（102.39±13.09） g/L]. No significant differences were found in postoperative fever rates（50.0% vs 52.9%） or C-reactive protein levels between groups. Within the BCI group, patients implanted before 12 months indicated notably higher rates of total adverse events（91.3% vs 64.7%）, high fever（26.1% vs 0）, and moderate to severe anemia（78.3% vs 35.3%） compared to those implanted after 12 months. Conclusion:Simultaneous BCI in young children under 2 years of age demonstrates controllable overall risks. Compared to UCI, while it shows no increase in anesthetic or surgical complications, it presents higher perioperative risks and adverse event rates, especially in patients implanted before 12 months of age, warranting special attention from medical staff.
Humans ; Cochlear Implantation/methods* ; Infant ; Postoperative Complications ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/surgery* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Male ; Perioperative Period ; Female ; Cochlear Implants

BACKGROUND:Lijin manipulation can reduce fibrosis scar hyperplasia and promote skeletal muscle repair.However,improper activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway can aggravate the fibrosis of injured skeletal muscle and adversely affect the repair process of skeletal muscle.To study the regulatory effect of Lijin manipulation on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is conducive to elucidate the related mechanisms of Lijin manipulation in reducing fibrosis scar hyperplasia and promoting skeletal muscle injury repair.OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism of Lijin manipulation in promoting the repair of skeletal muscle injury in rabbits.METHODS:Forty-five healthy adult Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into blank group,model group and Lijin group with 15 rabbits in each group.Gastrocnemius muscle percussion modeling was performed in both model group and Lijin group.Lijin manipulation was performed in the Lijin group on the 3rd day after modeling,once a day,15 minutes once.Five animals in each group were selected and killed on the 7th,14th and 21st days after modeling.The general morphological structure of gastrocnemius was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and the content of collagen fiber was observed by Masson staining.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of Wnt3a,β-catenin,GSK3β,p-GSK3β,TCF,type I collagen and type III collagen in gastrocnemius muscle,and RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of Wnt3a,β-catenin and TCF.The expression of β-catenin was detected by immunofluorescence,and the expression of type I collagen and type III collagen was detected by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The results of hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining showed that compared with the model group,inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen fiber amount decreased in the Lijin group(P<0.001),and muscle fibers gradually healed.Western blot results showed that compared with the model group,the protein expression levels of Wnt3a,β-catenin,TCF,type I collagen and type III collagen were significantly decreased in the Lijin group at all observation time points(P<0.05),while the ratio of P-GSK3β/GSK3β was significantly increased in the Lijin group at all observation time points compared with the model group(P<0.05).RT-PCR results showed that compared with the model group,the mRNA expression levels of Wnt3a,β-catenin and TCF were significantly decreased in the Lijin group at all observation time points(P<0.001).Immunofluorescence results showed that compared with the model group,the fluorescence intensity of β-catenin expression in the Lijin group was significantly decreased at each observation time point and gradually became similar to that in the blank group(P<0.001).Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression levels of type I collagen and type III collagen in the Lijin group were significantly lower than those in the model group(P<0.01).To conclude,Lijin manipulation could inhibit the abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,reduce fibrotic scar hyperplasia,and promote the repair of injured skeletal muscle.

BACKGROUND:Excessive apoptosis in skeletal muscle cells will destroy the dynamic balance of the number of myocytes,leading to pathological injury of skeletal muscle.Lijin manipulation is effective in treating skeletal muscle injury,but whether it can inhibit apoptosis and promote the repair of skeletal muscle injury is unknown.OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism by which Lijin manipulation reduces inflammation and apoptosis during the repair of skeletal muscle injury in rabbits.METHODS:Forty-five healthy adult Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into blank group,model group and Lijin group(n=15 per group).No intervention was performed in the blank group.Gastrocnemius muscle percussion molding was performed in both the model group and Lijin group.After modeling,the model group was not treated,while the Lijin manipulation(Stroking,kneading,and rubbing)was performed in the Lijin group on the 3rd day,once a day,15 min/time.Sampling in each group was performed on the 7th,14th and 21st days after modeling.The general morphological structure of gastrocnemius was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The ultrastructure of gastrocnemius muscle was observed by transmission electron microscopy.Apoptosis of gastrocnemius cells was observed by TUNEL staining.The expressions of interleukin-1β,interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 in gastrocnemius muscle were detected by ELISA.The protein expressions of BAX,BCL-2 and Caspase3 in gastrocnemius muscle were detected by western blot.The mRNA expression of BAX and BCL-2 was detected by RT-PCR.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that compared with the model group,inflammatory cells decreased in number,myocyte amount increased,and muscle tissue gradually healed in the Lijin group at each observation point.(2)The results of transmission electron microscopy showed that compared with the model group,the arrangement of muscle fibers at each observation point in the Lijin group was gradually orderly,mitochondria were gradually complete,Z-line arrangement was gradually regular,and free ribosomes were gathered.(3)TUNEL staining results showed that compared with the model group,apoptosis rate in the Lijin group was gradually decreased at all observation points(P<0.05).(4)ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the expression of interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 in the Lijin group continued to decrease(P<0.05),while the expression of interleukin-10 increased on the 7th day after modeling,and then showed a downward trend(P<0.05).(5)Western blot results showed that compared with the model group,the expression of BCL-2 protein/BAX protein in the Lijin group was significantly increased at each observational point(P<0.05).The protein expression of Caspase3 decreased significantly(P<0.001),and was gradually similar to that of the blank group.(6)RT-PCR results showed that compared with the model group,the mRNA expression level of BCL-2/BAX in the Lijin group was significantly higher at each observational point(P<0.05).To conclude,Lijin manipulation can inhibit inflammation,reduce apoptosis,and promote the repair of injured skeletal muscle.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of primary bladder lymphoma.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 23 cases of primary bladder lymphoma diagnosed at Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University between February 2010 and April 2024. The clinicopathological data were collected and analyzed, and literature was reviewed.Results:Among the 23 cases, 7 were male and 16 were female, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.0∶2.5. The median age was 65 (58, 71) years, ranged 38-84 years. The main clinical manifestation was painless visible hematuria, followed by frequent urination, urgency, and lower abdominal discomfort. Only one case presented with fever, and all cases primarily presented as bladder masses or lesions. The histological types included 17 cases of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (EMZL), 4 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 1 case of ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), and 1 case of indolent NK-cell lymphoproliferative disease (INKLPD). EMZL exhibited relatively uniform morphology. Among them, 2 cases showed marked plasmacytic differentiation, 1 case had an increased number of large cells, 6 cases had residual germinal centers, and 2 cases presented with lymphoepithelial lesions. All cases demonstrated irregular FDC networks. DLBCL cells were larger in size; 3 cases showed diffuse infiltration, while 1 case had scattered, clustered distribution in a background of small lymphocytes,and with aberrant expression of GATA3. ALCL negative ALCL showed classic anaplastic morphology with "kidney-shaped" nuclei. INKLPD cells were of medium size and irregular in shape, with some cells containing eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm. EBER in situ hybridization was negative.Conclusions:The primary histological types of bladder lymphoma are EMZL and DLBCL, with occasional cases of T-cell lymphoma and INKLPD. Clinical manifestations lack specificity and may overlap with inflammatory conditions or epithelial tumors. Both clinicians and pathologists should be aware of these rare diseases to facilitate accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To explore the perioperative precautions, rehabilitation effect, and affecting factors in cochlear implantation (CI) among patients with hereditary syndromic hearing loss.Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study. 47 patients diagnosed as hereditary syndromic deafness were treated in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of the Chinese PLA General Hospital from 2010 to 2021, including 26 males and 21 females, aged 0.9-25 years. All patients received unilateral or bilateral CI. Clinical manifestation combined with genetic testing was used to diagnose syndromic hearing loss. The risks and precautions of CI in these patients were summarized from preoperative imaging, intraoperative observations, and postoperative complications. Single factor linear regression and multiple linear regression models in SPSS 26.0 software were used to evaluate the effects of various factors on auditory and speech rehabilitation after CI for syndromic hearing loss. The postoperative outcomes were analyzed through aided hearing thresholds, categories of auditory performance (CAP) scale, and speech intelligibility rate (SIR) scale.Results:Thirteen kinds of syndromes, totally 47 cases, including CHARGE (20 cases), Waardenburg (9 cases), Autosomal dominant deafness-onychodystrophy (DDOD, 4 cases), Pendred (3 cases), Noonan Syndrome with Multiple Lentigines (NSML, 2 cases), Branchio-Oto-Renal (BOR, 2 cases), Bart-Pumphery (1 case), Perrault (1 case), Kabuki (1 case), Frontometaphyseal dysplasia type 2 (FMD 2, 1 case), Mandibulofacial dysostosis Guion-Almeida type (MFDGA, 1 case), Coffin-Siris (1 case), and 10q26.12-q26.3 del (1 case), were enrolled. The perioperative special management included the following measures. For patients with cardiac and/or cartilage development issues, preoperative assessments of cardiac function and/or laryngeal cartilage development were performed to minimize anesthetic risks. For patients with mild intellectual disability and/or an auditory neuropathy phenotype, preoperative communication with the patients′ families was conducted to explain the limitations of CI and assist in setting reasonable expectations. For syndromic hearing loss patients who commonly present with inner ear malformations, facial nerve anomalies, and/or intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage, appropriate electrodes were selected prior to surgery, intraoperative facial nerve monitoring and careful cerebrospinal fluid leak repair were conducted, respectively. For patients with NSML accompanied by coagulation issues, the postoperative compression bandaging duration was extended to reduce the risk of hematoma formation. The daily duration of cochlear implant use, the presence of cochlear malformation, and developmental delay were independent factors influencing postoperative CAP scores. The daily duration of cochlear implant use, developmental delay, and unilateral or bilateral CI were independent factors influencing postoperative SIR scores.Conclusions:Hereditary syndrome deafness is a rare disease that affects multiple organs and causes extensive functional impairment. Before CI, a comprehensive evaluation of major affected organ functions is required to assess anesthetic and surgical risks. Genetic diagnosis not only identifies the molecular etiology of patients with syndromic hearing loss and reveals rare phenotypes, but also aids in prognostic evaluation. The main factors affecting CI outcomes in patients with syndromic hearing loss include the presence of cochlear malformations, developmental delays, daily duration of cochlear implant use, and bilateral implantation status.

BACKGROUND:Lijin manipulation can promote skeletal muscle repair and treat skeletal muscle injury.However,the formation of fibrosis and scar tissue hyperplasia are closely related to the quality of skeletal muscle repair.To study the regulatory effect of Lijin manipulation on the formation of fibrosis and scar tissue hyperplasia is helpful to explain the related mechanism of Lijin manipulation to improve the repair quality of skeletal muscle injury. OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism of Lijin manipulation to improve the repair quality of skeletal muscle injury in rabbits,thereby providing a scientific basis for clinical treatment. METHODS:Forty-five healthy adult Japanese large-ear white rabbits were randomly divided into blank group,model group and Lijin group,with 15 rats in each group.Gastrocnemius strike modeling was performed in both model group and Lijin group.The Lijin group began to intervene with tendon manipulation on the 3rd day after modeling,once a day,and 15 minutes at a time.Five animals in each group were killed on the 7th,14th and 21st days after modeling.The morphology and inflammatory cell count of gastrocnemius were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining,the collagen fiber amount was observed by Masson staining,the expression of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 in gastrocnemius was detected by ELISA.The protein and mRNA expressions of paired cassette gene 7,myogenic differentiation factor,myoblastogenin,alpha-actin,transforming growth factor beta 1,and type Ⅰ collagen were detected by western blot and RT-PCR,respectively,and the expression of type Ⅰ collagen protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining showed that compared with the model group,inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen fiber content decreased in the Lijin group(P<0.01),and the muscle fibers gradually healed.ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the expression of interleukin-6 in the Lijin group continued to decrease(P<0.05),and the expression of interleukin-10 increased on the 7th day after modeling(P<0.05)and then showed a decreasing trend(P<0.05).Western blot and RT-PCR results showed that compared with the model group,the protein and mRNA expressions of paired cassette gene 7,myogenic differentiation factor,myoblastogenin in the Lijin group were significantly increased on the 14th day after modeling(P<0.05),but decreased on the 21st day(P<0.05);the protein and mRNA expressions of alpha-actin,transforming growth factor beta 1,and type Ⅰ collagen in the Lijin group were significantly decreased compared with those in the model group(P<0.05).Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of type Ⅰ collagen in the Lijin group was significantly lower than that in the model group(P<0.05).To conclude,Lijin manipulation could improve the repair quality of skeletal muscle injury by inhibiting inflammation,promoting the proliferation and differentiation of muscle satellite cells,and reducing fibrosis.

Abstract Ferroptosis , a novel , non-apoptotic form of cell death discovered in 2012 , has garnered significant at- tention. It is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of various intestinal diseases , including colorectal canc- er, intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury , functional gastrointestinal disorders , and inflammatory bowel disease. These processes involve multiple pathological mechanisms such as inflammation , immune dysregulation , and intesti- nal epithelial dysfunction. By reviewing and summarizing recent literature on ferroptosis-related mechanisms in in- testinal diseases , this article explores the roles and effects of ferroptosis in different intestinal pathologies.