The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) control natural killer (NK) cells development and cytotoxic functions, however, whether long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in this pathway remains unknown. We found that miR155HG was elevated in activated NK cells and promoted their proliferation and effector functions in both NK92 and induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived NK (iPSC-NK) cells, without reliance on its derived miR-155 and micropeptide P155. Mechanistically, miR155HG bound to miR-6756 and relieved its repression of JAK3 expression, thereby promoting the JAK-STAT pathway and enhancing NK cell proliferation and function. Further investigations disclosed that upon cytokine stimulation, STAT3 directly interacts with miR155HG promoter and induces miR155HG transcription. Collectively, we identify a miR155HG-mediated positive feedback loop of the JAK-STAT signaling. Our study will also provide a power target regarding miR155HG for improving NK cell generation and effector function in the field of NK cell adoptive transfer therapy against cancer, especially iPSC-derived NK cells.

Objective To explore the value of diffusion tensor imaging analysis index along the perivascular space(DTI-ALPS)for assessing age-related functional changes in glymphatic system(GS).Methods Totally 27 healthy subjects from Meizhou People's Hospital and 100 healthy subjects from neuroimaging informatics tools and resources collaborator database who underwent T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo(T1-MPRAGE)and DTI scanning were retrospectively enrolled and divided into youth group(n=38),middle-aged group(n=57)and elderly group(n=32).Automated DTI-ALPS index analysis procedure was used to minimize manual errors and derive DTI-ALPS index.The general data,neuropsychological assessment results and DTI-ALPS indices were compared among groups.Spearman correlation analysis was performed to observe the relationships of DTI-ALPS index and age,gender,as well as neuropsychological scores.Results The average age in youth group,middle-aged group and elderly group was(28.5±5.8),(53.7±6.8)and(73.8±2.3)years,respectively.No significant difference of DTI-ALPS index was found between middle-aged group and elderly group(P＞0.05),which were both lower than that in youth group(both P＜0.05).DTI-ALPS index was weakly negatively correlated with age(rs=-0.340,P＜0.001),but not significantly correlated with gender nor neuropsychological assessment results(both P＞0.05).Conclusion DTI-ALPS index was negatively correlated with age in healthy individuals,hence having potential utility for assessing age-related functional changes in GS.

Objective To investigate the factors that influence ocular surface biology and visual acuity in individuals with diabetic dry eye(DDE)and analyze how these factors contribute to changes in visual quality.Methods Based on the disease duration,fasting blood glucose(FBG),and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)levels of patients with type 2 diabe-tes mellitus(T2DM),the DDE patients were divided into different groups.Logistic regression analysis was used to identify influencing factors related to ocular surface biology and visual quality in each group of DDE patients.Tear film stability was evaluated based on the tear film rupture time(BUT),Schirmer I test(SIt),and ocular surface disease index(OSDI).Lip-iview? Surface interferometers were used to measure tear film lipid layer thickness(LLT),meibomian gland loss rate(MGP),meibomian gland opening number(MGYLS),and meibomian gland secretion score(MGYSS).Wavefront aber-rometry was used to measure corneal wavefront aberration values at 4 mm and 6 mm pupil diameters.Ocular response ana-lyzer(ORA)was adopted to analyze corneal hysteresis(CH)and corneal resistance factor(CRF).Moreover,ELISA ex-periment to evaluate the trend of changes in inflammatory factors in tears.Results Logistic regression analysis revealed that T2DM duration,smoking history,FBG,HbA1c,total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),OSDI score,LLT,BUT,SIt,MGP,MGYLS,MGYSS,total higher-order aberrations,spherical aberration,coma aberration,trefoil aberration,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,matrix metalloproteinase-9,receptor for advanced glycation end products,and insu-lin were all influencing factors for the risk of DDE(all P＜0.05).As the T2DM course prolonged and FBG or HbA1 c levels rose,tear film-related indicators(LLT,BUT,and SIt)and meibomian gland-related indicators(MGYLS and MGYSS)inpa-tients gradually decreased,while OSDI scores and MGP gradually increased(all P＜0.05).As the T2DM course prolonged and FBG or HbA1c levels rose,the total higher-order aberrations,spherical aberration,coma aberration,and trefoil aber-ration in DDE patients under 4 mm and 6 mm pupil diameters gradually increased;Meanwhile,best corrected visual acuity,corneal hysteresis,and corneal resistance factor gradually decreased;The contents of tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,matrix metalloproteinase-9,receptor for advanced glycation end products,and insulin in tears all gradually increased,while mucin-5AC gradually decreased(all P＜0.05).Conclusion With the prolongation of T2DM duration and the in-crease of FBG or HbA1c,the ocular surface inflammatory response in DDE patients gradually worsens,corneal biological function decreases,and visual quality deteriorates.Timely systemic and local interventions are of great significance for im-proving dry eye symptoms and visual quality in DDE patients.

Objective To investigate the factors that influence ocular surface biology and visual acuity in individuals with diabetic dry eye(DDE)and analyze how these factors contribute to changes in visual quality.Methods Based on the disease duration,fasting blood glucose(FBG),and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)levels of patients with type 2 diabe-tes mellitus(T2DM),the DDE patients were divided into different groups.Logistic regression analysis was used to identify influencing factors related to ocular surface biology and visual quality in each group of DDE patients.Tear film stability was evaluated based on the tear film rupture time(BUT),Schirmer I test(SIt),and ocular surface disease index(OSDI).Lip-iview? Surface interferometers were used to measure tear film lipid layer thickness(LLT),meibomian gland loss rate(MGP),meibomian gland opening number(MGYLS),and meibomian gland secretion score(MGYSS).Wavefront aber-rometry was used to measure corneal wavefront aberration values at 4 mm and 6 mm pupil diameters.Ocular response ana-lyzer(ORA)was adopted to analyze corneal hysteresis(CH)and corneal resistance factor(CRF).Moreover,ELISA ex-periment to evaluate the trend of changes in inflammatory factors in tears.Results Logistic regression analysis revealed that T2DM duration,smoking history,FBG,HbA1c,total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),OSDI score,LLT,BUT,SIt,MGP,MGYLS,MGYSS,total higher-order aberrations,spherical aberration,coma aberration,trefoil aberration,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,matrix metalloproteinase-9,receptor for advanced glycation end products,and insu-lin were all influencing factors for the risk of DDE(all P＜0.05).As the T2DM course prolonged and FBG or HbA1 c levels rose,tear film-related indicators(LLT,BUT,and SIt)and meibomian gland-related indicators(MGYLS and MGYSS)inpa-tients gradually decreased,while OSDI scores and MGP gradually increased(all P＜0.05).As the T2DM course prolonged and FBG or HbA1c levels rose,the total higher-order aberrations,spherical aberration,coma aberration,and trefoil aber-ration in DDE patients under 4 mm and 6 mm pupil diameters gradually increased;Meanwhile,best corrected visual acuity,corneal hysteresis,and corneal resistance factor gradually decreased;The contents of tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,matrix metalloproteinase-9,receptor for advanced glycation end products,and insulin in tears all gradually increased,while mucin-5AC gradually decreased(all P＜0.05).Conclusion With the prolongation of T2DM duration and the in-crease of FBG or HbA1c,the ocular surface inflammatory response in DDE patients gradually worsens,corneal biological function decreases,and visual quality deteriorates.Timely systemic and local interventions are of great significance for im-proving dry eye symptoms and visual quality in DDE patients.

Objective To explore the value of diffusion tensor imaging analysis index along the perivascular space(DTI-ALPS)for assessing age-related functional changes in glymphatic system(GS).Methods Totally 27 healthy subjects from Meizhou People's Hospital and 100 healthy subjects from neuroimaging informatics tools and resources collaborator database who underwent T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo(T1-MPRAGE)and DTI scanning were retrospectively enrolled and divided into youth group(n=38),middle-aged group(n=57)and elderly group(n=32).Automated DTI-ALPS index analysis procedure was used to minimize manual errors and derive DTI-ALPS index.The general data,neuropsychological assessment results and DTI-ALPS indices were compared among groups.Spearman correlation analysis was performed to observe the relationships of DTI-ALPS index and age,gender,as well as neuropsychological scores.Results The average age in youth group,middle-aged group and elderly group was(28.5±5.8),(53.7±6.8)and(73.8±2.3)years,respectively.No significant difference of DTI-ALPS index was found between middle-aged group and elderly group(P＞0.05),which were both lower than that in youth group(both P＜0.05).DTI-ALPS index was weakly negatively correlated with age(rs=-0.340,P＜0.001),but not significantly correlated with gender nor neuropsychological assessment results(both P＞0.05).Conclusion DTI-ALPS index was negatively correlated with age in healthy individuals,hence having potential utility for assessing age-related functional changes in GS.

Vertebral artery hypoplasia(VAH)may lead changes of hemodynamic status in the posterior circulation,promote occurrence of intracranial atherosclerotic disease and formation of thrombi,hence result in hypoperfusion and infarction in posterior circulation cerebral tissue,which is potentially associated with posterior circulation cerebral vascular degeneration,vertebral artery dissection,cardiac disease and so on,also is a risk factor for posterior circulation infarction(PCI).The progresses of imaging researches revealing the association between VAH and PCI were reviewed in this article.

Multiple myeloma(MM)is a malignant proliferative disease of plasma cells,ranking as the second most common hematologic tu-mor.Although the use of proteasome inhibitors and immunotherapeutic regimens has improved the prognosis of patients with MM,it re-mains incurable in most patients,mainly because of the eventual development of drug resistance in MM cells.Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)are a heterogeneous group of cells causing significant suppression of the T-cell immune response.They arise from bone mar-row myeloid progenitor cells that are blocked from differentiation and promote MM development by resisting immune destruction.Recent studies indicate that MDSCs stimulate MM cell proliferation,inducing drug resistance and metastasis.In this paper,we review multiple mechanisms exhibited by MDSCs in MM pathogenesis and discuss the feasibility and challenges of current therapeutic strategies targeting MDSCs,aiming to provide pertinent references regarding MM treatment.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective:To investigate the effect of internal fixation of medial support and lateral wall on initial weight-bearing stability of femoral intertrochanteric fracture after reconstruction of intertrochanteric fracture.Methods:Based on the digital model of Sawbones femur, intertrochanteric fracture models with different medial support and lateral wall states were constructed. Combined with various intramedullary and extramedullary fixation methods, the mechanical models after fixation were simplified, and seven mechanical simplified models were obtained. The individual body weight load (70 kg) was simulated by applying concentrated force (700 N) to the end nodes of the femoral head. Through the analysis and calculation of each model in StrucMaster software, the axial force, shear force, bending moment, displacement deformation, and support reaction force of each bar in each mechanical model were obtained, and the results were output through the supporting SMConsole.Results:The median bending moment of model 1 was 11.55(5.57, 18.00) N·m, and the median bending moment was 2.89(2.81, 2.94) rad. The median bending moment of model 2 was 13.72(9.30, 20.05) N·m, and the median bending moment was 2.93(2.77, 3.05) rad. The median bending moment of model 3 was 19.65(10.23, 26.11) N·m, and the median bending moment was 2.93 (2.77, 3.05) rad. The median bending moment of model 4 was 25.95(25.14, 36.70) N·m, and the median bending moment was 4.38(3.16, 5.15) rad. The median bending moment of model 5 was 13.66(7.99, 25.62) N·m, and the median bending moment was 3.50(3.32, 3.56) rad. The median bending moment of model 6 was 24.60(9.33, 29.37) N·m, and the median bending moment was 3.90(3.69, 4.10) rad. The median bending moment of model 7 was 41.14(0.16, 41.30) N·m, and the median bending moment was 5.50(5.50, 7.05) rad. The mechanical properties of model 1 were better than those of the other six models.Conclusion:The simplified mechanical model and its mechanical calculation analysis based on the lever reconstruction balance theory can be used to preliminarily reveal the mechanical characteristics of femoral intertrochanteric fractures after internal fixation. The internal fixation methods of the medial support and lateral wall of femoral intertrochanteric fracture reconstruction can improve the initial stability of the weight bearing after internal fixation of femoral intertrochanteric fractures and have guiding significance for the functional rehabilitation of early postoperative weight bearing.

Purpose/Significance To analyze the current situation and problems of the development of digital health in China,and to explore how to promote the innovative development of digital health.Method/Process The current situation and main problems of digital health are studied and analyzed by the method of literature research and network survey,and the paths of the innovative development of digital health are devised based on case analysis.Result/Conclusion Digital technology has become the key to breaking down multiple barriers to digital health development.The paper puts forward the specific path of"sharing and cooperative governance platform-indus-trial security system-intelligent supervision mechanism"and the digital technology-based countermeasures to promote innovative devel-opment of the industry.