AIM: To explore the factors associated with significant corneal astigmatism during the perioperative period in patients with pterygium. METHODS: Patients with primary pterygium presenting at Shanxi Eye Hospital between February and June 2025 were enrolled. All patients underwent medical history collection. Pre- and postoperative data were obtained using Pentacam, anterior segment photography, Image J software, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT). All patients underwent pterygium excision combined with autologous bulbar conjunctival flap transplantation under local infiltration anesthesia. RESULTS: A total of 76 patients(76 eyes)with pterygium were finally enrolled(30 males, 46 females)with a mean age of 62.2±8.2 y. The mean length of corneal invasion by pterygium was 3.61±0.89 mm, the mean depth of invasion into the anterior corneal surface was 0.15±0.09 mm, and the median area of corneal invasion was 10.25(6.90, 18.75)mm2. The median preoperative corneal astigmatism was 1.50(0.70, 5.45)D. Median astigmatism was 0.8(0.40, 1.28)D at 2 wk postoperatively and 0.60(0.30, 1.15)D at 1 mo postoperatively. Patient age showed a positive correlation with preoperative astigmatism, and with residual astigmatism at 2 wk and 1 mo postoperatively(all P<0.05). The length of corneal invasion was positively correlated with preoperative astigmatism and residual astigmatism at both postoperative timepoints(P<0.01). The depth of invasion showed no significant linear correlation with astigmatism at any stage(P=0.250, 0.761, 0.686). The area of corneal invasion was positively correlated with astigmatism at all stages(P<0.01). Patients were grouped based on significant astigmatism(≥1.0 D)and non-significant astigmatism(<1.0 D), after adjusting for other variables, age(P=0.031)and the area of corneal invasion(P=0.004)were identified as risk factors for significant astigmatism. Pterygium invasion length was not significant factors(P>0.05). Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis showed the highest area under the curve(AUC)for the invasion area(AUC=0.915). CONCLUSION: Significant preoperative corneal astigmatism in pterygium patients is correlated with patient age, the length of corneal invasion, and the area of invasion. The area of pterygium invasion into the cornea is the strongest predictor of significant preoperative corneal astigmatism.

OBJECTIVE To clarify the current development status of clinical pharmacist training bases and the pharmacist workforce in China， and to provide evidence for standardizing base construction and promoting the high-quality development of hospital pharmacy. METHODS Questionnaires were distributed to all clinical pharmacist training bases for urgently-needed health professionals and clinical pharmacist training bases under the Chinese Hospital Association that had been approved by the end of 2023 to collect data including base profiles and pharmacist staffing conditions. Expert teams carried out field investigations to verify the collected data. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted on the quantity， type and regional distribution of training bases， and the influencing factors of pharmacist staffing in the bases were analyzed. RESULTS Field surveys were completed covering 297 training bases across 31 provincial-level administrative regions. Among the base hospitals， 87.88% were Grade A tertiary general hospitals， and 65.32% were located in provincial capitals. The eastern region had the largest number of bases （136， accounting for 45.79%）， followed by the western region （79， 26.60%）. Great disparities existed among provinces in terms of base quantity and hospital scale. The median proportion of pharmaceutical technical personnel in base hospitals was 4.05%， and the median number of clinical pharmacists per 100 hospital beds was 0.53. Both indicators reached the highest in the eastern region （0.57， 4.43%） and the lowest in the northeastern region （0.45， 3.01%）. A total of 3 627 full-time clinical pharmacists were employed in all surveyed bases， among whom 83.68% held clinical pharmacist training certificates， 35.43% possessed senior professional titles， and 78.19% had postgraduate or higher educational background. The total annual training capacity of the surveyed bases was 4 291 trainees， with obvious differences in annual training capacity across regions and provinces. Training specialties covered 19 specialized disciplines plus one general discipline， and no province could deliver training for all 20 specialties simultaneously. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that geographic region exerte d a significant impact on the proportion of pharmaceutical technical personnel （≥4%） （ P ＜0.05）， while the approval time of training bases and hospital scale had significant effects on the number of clinical pharmacists per 100 beds （≥0.6） （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS China’s clinical pharmacist training system has basically matured and taken initial shape. The distribution of clinical pharmacist training resources is generally consistent with regional population and economic development levels. However， the allocation of pharmaceutical staff and clinical pharmacists has not yet met national standards and clinical service demands.

OBJECTIVE To clarify the current development status of clinical pharmacist training bases and the pharmacist workforce in China， and to provide evidence for standardizing base construction and promoting the high-quality development of hospital pharmacy. METHODS Questionnaires were distributed to all clinical pharmacist training bases for urgently-needed health professionals and clinical pharmacist training bases under the Chinese Hospital Association that had been approved by the end of 2023 to collect data including base profiles and pharmacist staffing conditions. Expert teams carried out field investigations to verify the collected data. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted on the quantity， type and regional distribution of training bases， and the influencing factors of pharmacist staffing in the bases were analyzed. RESULTS Field surveys were completed covering 297 training bases across 31 provincial-level administrative regions. Among the base hospitals， 87.88% were Grade A tertiary general hospitals， and 65.32% were located in provincial capitals. The eastern region had the largest number of bases （136， accounting for 45.79%）， followed by the western region （79， 26.60%）. Great disparities existed among provinces in terms of base quantity and hospital scale. The median proportion of pharmaceutical technical personnel in base hospitals was 4.05%， and the median number of clinical pharmacists per 100 hospital beds was 0.53. Both indicators reached the highest in the eastern region （0.57， 4.43%） and the lowest in the northeastern region （0.45， 3.01%）. A total of 3 627 full-time clinical pharmacists were employed in all surveyed bases， among whom 83.68% held clinical pharmacist training certificates， 35.43% possessed senior professional titles， and 78.19% had postgraduate or higher educational background. The total annual training capacity of the surveyed bases was 4 291 trainees， with obvious differences in annual training capacity across regions and provinces. Training specialties covered 19 specialized disciplines plus one general discipline， and no province could deliver training for all 20 specialties simultaneously. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that geographic region exerte d a significant impact on the proportion of pharmaceutical technical personnel （≥4%） （ P ＜0.05）， while the approval time of training bases and hospital scale had significant effects on the number of clinical pharmacists per 100 beds （≥0.6） （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS China’s clinical pharmacist training system has basically matured and taken initial shape. The distribution of clinical pharmacist training resources is generally consistent with regional population and economic development levels. However， the allocation of pharmaceutical staff and clinical pharmacists has not yet met national standards and clinical service demands.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status of quality management in clinical pharmacist training bases in China， and to provide references for the standardized development and improvement of these bases. METHODS A combined approach of questionnaire survey and on-site investigation was adopted， targeting the healthcare highly sought-after talent （clinical pharmacist） training bases in 31 provinces of China as well as the clinical pharmacist training bases affiliated with the Chinese Hospital Association. A training quality management evaluation index system consisting of 25 tertiary indicators was established. Investigations were conducted from two dimensions： structural quality of training and quality management of training processes. Data were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. RESULTS On-site investigations were completed for 297 clinical pharmacist training bases across the 31 provinces， among which 284 were affiliated with the Chinese Hospital Association and 271 were healthcare highly sought-after talent （clinical pharmacist） training bases. In terms of structural quality， the core indicator compliance rate for hospital-level training systems exceeded 80%， the rate of special fund utilization for designated purposes reached 80.13%， and the overall compliance rate for software and hardware facilities surpassed 88%. A total of 1 348 preceptors were employed across the training bases， among whom those with senior professional titles and full-time specialist clinical pharmacists as lead preceptors accounted for 62.91% and 94.36%， respectively. Regarding process quality， the compliance rate for “establishment of clinical practice teaching groups in accordance with regulations during clinical department rotations” was 85.19%， and 79.80% and 76.09% of the bases were found to implement strict confidentiality in theoretical examinations and meet the required scale of assessment cases， respectively. However， formal documents of corresponding training management regulations were formulated in only 57.91% of the bases， and the completeness and standardization rate of training manual completion was merely 47.47%. In addition， considerable disparities in quality management levels were observed among provinces， with issues in training process quality being particularly prominent. CONCLUSIONS The management system， hardware facilities， and preceptor staffing of clinical pharmacist training bases in China are relatively well-established， yet notable variations in quality management exist among training bases across different provinces.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of the patient and family-centered care (PFCC) model in malignant tumor children with peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) .Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select 136 malignant tumor children with PICC admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and their families from May 2023 to May 2024 as study subjects. The subjects were divided into an intervention group and a control group of 68 cases each. Control group implemented routine PICC care, and intervention group carried out care based on PFCC model on the basis of control group. Children's self-management ability, catheter maintenance compliance and family satisfaction with nursing were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 128 children and their families were finally included, 65 in intervention group and 63 in control group. After intervention, the knowledge, attitude, and practice dimension scores and total scores of self-management ability of children in both groups were higher than those before intervention, and the knowledge, attitude, and practice dimension scores and total scores of intervention group were higher than those of control group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05) . The excellent rate of catheter maintenance compliance and the nursing satisfaction of the children's families in intervention group were higher than those in control group after intervention, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05) . Conclusions:The application of the PFCC model to malignant tumor children with PICC can enhance children's self-management ability and catheter maintenance compliance, and improve family satisfaction with nursing.

Objective To explore the function of electroacupuncture(EA)on body mass,fasting blood glucose,heat pain threshold,and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4(TRPV4)in the dorsal root ganglia(DRG)of rats with diabetic neuropathic pain(DNP).Methods A DNP rat model was formed by intraperitoneally injecting the animals with STZ.From days 15 to 21,bilateral Zusanli and Kunlun points of the DNP rat model were treated with electroacupuncture once daily for 30 min.We then measured their body mass,fasting blood glucose,and heat pain threshold.The co-expression of TRPV4 and NeuN in the rat L4～L6 DRG was detected by immunofluorescence.The effects of the TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A on body mass,fasting blood glucose,and the heat pain threshold of DNP rats treated with electroacupuncture were detected.Results After the 7th day,body mass was significantly decreased(P<0.01)and fasting glucose was significantly increased(P<0.01)in the model group compared with the normal group.After the 21st day,compared with the model group,heat pain threshold of the model+electroacupuncture group was significantly higher(P<0.01);the results of co-expression of TRPV4 and NeuN immunofluorescence on rat L4～L6 DRG showed that:the expression of positive cells in the model group was significantly higher(P<0.01)than that in the normal group,the co-expression of TRPV4 and NeuN positive cells in L4～L6 DRG of rats in the model+electroacupuncture group was significantly lower(P<0.01)than that in the model group.The TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A can reverse the downregulation of thermal pain threshold induced by electroacupuncture in DNP rats(P<0.01).Conclusion Electroacupuncture alleviated the DNP induced by STZ,and its mechanism may involve the inhibition of TRPV4 protein expression in the DRG.

Objective To explore the function of electroacupuncture(EA)on body mass,fasting blood glucose,heat pain threshold,and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4(TRPV4)in the dorsal root ganglia(DRG)of rats with diabetic neuropathic pain(DNP).Methods A DNP rat model was formed by intraperitoneally injecting the animals with STZ.From days 15 to 21,bilateral Zusanli and Kunlun points of the DNP rat model were treated with electroacupuncture once daily for 30 min.We then measured their body mass,fasting blood glucose,and heat pain threshold.The co-expression of TRPV4 and NeuN in the rat L4～L6 DRG was detected by immunofluorescence.The effects of the TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A on body mass,fasting blood glucose,and the heat pain threshold of DNP rats treated with electroacupuncture were detected.Results After the 7th day,body mass was significantly decreased(P<0.01)and fasting glucose was significantly increased(P<0.01)in the model group compared with the normal group.After the 21st day,compared with the model group,heat pain threshold of the model+electroacupuncture group was significantly higher(P<0.01);the results of co-expression of TRPV4 and NeuN immunofluorescence on rat L4～L6 DRG showed that:the expression of positive cells in the model group was significantly higher(P<0.01)than that in the normal group,the co-expression of TRPV4 and NeuN positive cells in L4～L6 DRG of rats in the model+electroacupuncture group was significantly lower(P<0.01)than that in the model group.The TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A can reverse the downregulation of thermal pain threshold induced by electroacupuncture in DNP rats(P<0.01).Conclusion Electroacupuncture alleviated the DNP induced by STZ,and its mechanism may involve the inhibition of TRPV4 protein expression in the DRG.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of the patient and family-centered care (PFCC) model in malignant tumor children with peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) .Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select 136 malignant tumor children with PICC admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and their families from May 2023 to May 2024 as study subjects. The subjects were divided into an intervention group and a control group of 68 cases each. Control group implemented routine PICC care, and intervention group carried out care based on PFCC model on the basis of control group. Children's self-management ability, catheter maintenance compliance and family satisfaction with nursing were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 128 children and their families were finally included, 65 in intervention group and 63 in control group. After intervention, the knowledge, attitude, and practice dimension scores and total scores of self-management ability of children in both groups were higher than those before intervention, and the knowledge, attitude, and practice dimension scores and total scores of intervention group were higher than those of control group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05) . The excellent rate of catheter maintenance compliance and the nursing satisfaction of the children's families in intervention group were higher than those in control group after intervention, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05) . Conclusions:The application of the PFCC model to malignant tumor children with PICC can enhance children's self-management ability and catheter maintenance compliance, and improve family satisfaction with nursing.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rates of diabetes among residents in Fangshan District, Bejing Municipality, so as to provide reference for strengthening the prevention and control of diabetes. Methods: The residents aged 18 to 79 years were selected in Fangshan District using multistage stratified cluster sampling method from March to June 2023. Demographic information, lifestyle, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, and blood lipid were collected through questionnaire surveys, physical examinations and laboratory tests. The prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rates of diabetes among residents were analyzed and their influencing factors were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 4 438 residents were enrolled, including 2 367 males (53.33%) and 2 071 females (46.67%), and had a mean age of (44.99±14.90) years. The prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rates of diabetes were 15.75%, 57.37%, 56.22% and 22.90%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (aged 30 to 39 years, OR=1.624, 95%CI: 1.011-2.609; aged 40 to 49 years, OR=3.469, 95%CI: 2.163-5.561; aged 50 to 59 years, OR=4.202, 95%CI: 2.595-6.803; aged 60 to 69 years, OR=7.229, 95%CI: 4.406-11.862; aged 70 to 79 years, OR=7.929, 95%CI: 4.665-13.479), obesity (OR=1.368, 95%CI: 1.071-1.748), hypertension (OR=1.943, 95%CI: 1.601-2.359) and dyslipidemia (OR=2.754, 95%CI: 2.287-3.317) were the factors affecting the prevalence of diabetes. Sex (women, OR=1.529, 95%CI: 1.019-2.293), age (aged 40 to 49 years, OR=4.971, 95%CI: 1.681-14.698; aged 50 to 59 years, OR=6.070, 95%CI: 2.045-18.020; aged 60 to 69 years, OR=6.902, 95%CI: 2.287-20.832; aged 70 to 79 years, OR=6.954, 95%CI: 2.191-22.070) and hypertension (OR=1.906, 95%CI: 1.337-2.718) were the factors affecting the awareness of diabetes. Age (aged 40 to 49 years, OR=4.699, 95%CI: 1.594-13.855; aged 50 to 59 years, OR=5.990, 95%CI: 2.023-17.732; aged 60 to 69 years, OR=7.134, 95%CI: 2.370-21.470; aged 70 to 79 years, OR=6.639, 95%CI: 2.102-20.964) and hypertension (OR=1.857, 95%CI: 1.304-2.645) were the factors affecting the treatment of diabetes. Age (aged 40 to 49 years, OR=2.948, 95%CI: 1.349-6.438; aged 60 to 69 years, OR=2.344, 95%CI: 1.049-5.234) was the factor affecting the control of diabetes. Conclusions The prevalence rate of diabetes among residents in Fangshan District was high, and the improvements of awareness rate, treatment rate and control rate were not obvious. Health education and management of diabetes should be strengthened for elderly, hypertensive and dyslipidemic residents.

Objective To assess the health risks of fluoride in drinking water in rural schools in drinking-water fluorosis areas in Shaanxi Province, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating measures to prevent fluoride and improve water quality. Methods The drinking water of rural schools in Guanzhong and northern Shaanxi Province was monitored from 2017 to 2020. The fluoride concentration was evaluated in accordance with the ^“Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water^” (GB5749-2006). The health risk assessment method recommended by USEPA was used to assess the health risk of rural students exposed to fluoride through drinking water in the two regions. Results A total of 2 826 water samples were monitored from 2017 to 2020. The overall compliance rate of fluoride in water quality was 92.29%, with an average concentration of 0.500 mg/L. The non-carcinogenic health risk of fluoride in drinking water in rural schools in drinking-water fluorosis areas was <1. There was no statistically significant difference in non-carcinogenic health risk of fluoride in water quality between different regions of the same age group (P > 0.05). In the same age group, the non-carcinogenic health risk of fluoride in groundwater was higher than that in surface water (P < 0.05). The order of non-carcinogenic health risk of fluoride in drinking water with different water treatment methods from high to low was disinfection only > sedimentation filtration > conventional treatment > untreated (P < 0.05). Conclusion The non-carcinogenic risk of oral intake of fluoride in drinking water from rural schools in drinking-water fluorosis areas in Shaanxi Province is still at an acceptable level. In the future, it is necessary to continue to promote comprehensive prevention and treatment measures focusing on water improvement and fluoride reduction.