Surface plasmon resonance （SPR） sensor is an optical detection technique enables real-time and dynamic monitoring of biological samples. SPR-based biosensors have remarkable characteristics such as label-free detection and high sensitivity, making them important tools for studying molecular interactions. The recognition element, which plays a critical role in SPR sensors,which could specifically identify and capture of target analytes, closely influencing the selectivity performance of the sensor. The progress on SPR sensors in pharmaceutical research were reviewed, which focused on the application of recognition elements such as antibodies, aptamers, molecularly imprinted polymers, and metal nanoparticles.

Objective To identify genetic regulators of ionizing radiation(IR)sensitivity through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9(Cas9)genome-wide screening.Methods A specialized single guide RNA(sgRNA)library was developed targeting 987 stress-response regulatory genes identified through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG),Reactome and gene ontology(GO)databases,followed by construction of sgRNA plasmids and packaging into a lentiviral library.Using colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells as a model system,the Cas9-stable transgenic line was established via lentiviral transduction and antibiotic selection.Library-transduced cells underwent puromycin selection,followed by γ-irradiation(dose optimized via preliminary experiments).Post-irradiation phenotypic selection was conducted after 14 days,with subsequent next-generation sequencing of surviving cell populations to identify enriched/depleted sgRNAs.Candidate genes were functionally validated through orthogonal assays:cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)proliferation analysis,clonogenic survival assays and flow cytometric quantification of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and apoptotic markers.Results The optimized screening platform identified 281 radiation response genes(165 radiosensitive and 116 radioprotective candidates).Functional validation revealed Bcl2-associated athanogene 3(BAG3)knockdown significantly enhanced radioresistance.Proliferation was increased 1.2-1.5 fold,clonogenic survival improved 1.5-2.0 fold,and ROS was reduced by 13％-25％coupled with 32％-73％apoptosis attenuation compared to control groups.Conclusion The integrated CRISPR/Cas9 screening platform effectively identifies novel radiation response regulators,as evidenced by the discovery of BAG3 as a critical radiosensitivity determinant.This high-throughput functional genomics approach provides a robust methodology for systematically mapping molecular determinants of cellular radiation response,with potential applications in both mechanistic studies and therapeutic target discovery.

Objective:To investigate and analyze the predictive value of inhibin A (INHA), galectin-13 (Gal-13), leucine rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) in serum for adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) .Methods:From Jan. 2022 to Dec. 2023, 87 GDM pregnant women admitted to Obstetrics Department of Shanxi Children’s Hospital were included as the study group, and were assigned into a good outcome group ( n=54) and an adverse outcome group ( n=33) based on pregnancy outcomes. Meantime, another 87 healthy pregnant women who underwent normal prenatal examinations at our hospital and had no complications were selected as the control group. ELISA method was applied to detect serum levels of INHA, LRG1, and Gal-13. Multiple factor Logistic regression model was constructed to analyze the factors affecting adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM pregnant women. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to evaluate the efficacy of the three methods in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM pregnant women. Results:Compared with the control group, the levels of INHA and LRG1 in the serum of pregnant women in the study group were obviously higher, and the level of Gal-13 in the serum was obviously lower ( P<0.05). Compared with the good outcome group, the adverse outcome group showed an increase in serum INHA and LRG1 levels and a decrease in serum Gal-13 level ( P<0.05). Elevated levels of serum INHA and LRG1 were risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM pregnant women, while elevated level of serum Gal-13 was a protective factor ( P<0.05). The AUC values for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM pregnant women based solely on serum INHA, Gal-13, and LRG1 levels were 0.859, 0.850, and 0.841, respectively. The AUC predicted by the combination of the three factors was 0.978, which was better than the individual predictions of serum INHA, Gal-13, and LRG1 ( Zcombination-HA=2.378, Z combination-Gal-13=3.193, Zcombination-LRG1=3.050, P=0.017, 0.001, 0.002) . Conclusions:Serum levels of INHA and LRG1 are elevated in GDM pregnant women, while serum level of Gal-13 is decreased. All three are potential factors that affect the pregnancy outcomes of GDM pregnant women, and the combination of the three shows higher efficacy in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM pregnant women.

Depression is increasingly prevalent among adolescents and can profoundly impact their lives. However, the early detection of depression is often hindered by the time-consuming diagnostic process and the absence of objective biomarkers. In this study, we propose a novel approach for depression detection based on an affective brain-computer interface (aBCI) and the resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG). By fusing EEG features associated with both emotional and resting states, our method captures comprehensive depression-related information. The final depression detection model, derived through decision fusion with multiple independent models, further enhances detection efficacy. Our experiments involved 40 adolescents with depression and 40 matched controls. The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 86.54% on cross-validation and 88.20% on the independent test set, demonstrating the efficiency of multimodal fusion. In addition, further analysis revealed distinct brain activity patterns between the two groups across different modalities. These findings hold promise for new directions in depression detection and intervention.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adolescent ; Case-Control Studies ; Depression/diagnosis* ; Early Diagnosis ; Rest ; Electroencephalography/methods* ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Models, Psychological ; Reproducibility of Results ; Affect/physiology* ; Photic Stimulation/methods* ; Video Recording ; Brain/physiopathology*

Flavonoids, the key active compounds in Epimedii Folium, have both protective and toxic effects on the liver. Their hepatoprotective effects are associated with reducing lipid accumulation and oxidative stress, which contribute to the management of various liver conditions. In contrast, the mechanisms driving Epimedii Folium-induced hepatotoxicity are less understood but likely involve oxidative stress and pyroptosis. Pharmacokinetic studies, especially on icaritin, indicate that it undergoes isopentenyl dehydrogenation, glycosylation, and glucuronidation in vivo, contributing to its pharmacological effects. However, intermediate metabolites of icaritin may interact with biomolecules, potentially leading to liver toxicity. This review offers a detailed examination of the dual effects of Epimedii Folium flavonoids on liver function, emphasizing recent discoveries in their hepatoprotective and hepatotoxic pathways. We also summarize and discuss the pharmacokinetics of these flavonoids, highlighting how their metabolism affects therapeutic efficacy and toxicity. Lastly, we propose strategies to mitigate liver injury, providing new perspectives on the safe use of Epimedii Folium.

Sini Decoction (SNT) is a traditional formula recognized for its efficacy in warming the spleen and stomach and dispersing cold. However, elucidating the mechanism of action of SNT remains challenging due to its complex multiple components. This study utilized a synergistic approach combining two-dimensional fluorescence difference in gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE)-based drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) with label-free quantitative proteomics techniques to identify the direct and indirect protein targets of SNT in myocardial infarction. The analysis identified 590 proteins, with 30 proteins showing significant upregulation and 51 proteins showing downregulation when comparing the SNT group with the model group. Through the integration of 2D-DIGE DARTS with proteomics data and pharmacological assessments, the findings indicate that protein disulfide-isomerase A3 (PDIA3) may serve as a potential protein target through which SNT provides protective effects on myocardial cells during myocardial infarction.
Myocardial Infarction/genetics* ; Proteomics/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Animals ; Protein Disulfide-Isomerases/genetics* ; Male ; Two-Dimensional Difference Gel Electrophoresis/methods* ; Humans ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional

Objective To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of convolutional neural networks for automatically delineating the pancreatic cancer gross target volume(GTV)in pancreatic enhanced CT.Methods The localizable enhanced CT images of 114 patients with pancreatic cancer were retrospectively selected,in which the GTV was manually delineated using AccuContour.The imaging data were then import to AccuLearning and randomly divided as the training set,validation set and test set at a ratio of 8:1:1.Flex and Segresnet were used to train the automatic segmentation model,with each network structure trained continuously 3 times using fixed training parameters.The model was evaluated in terms of Dice similarity coefficient(DSC),95%Hausdorff distance(HD95),average symmetric surface distance(ASSD)and relative volume difference(RVD).Results In the model training phase,Flex-3 test results in Flex group were the worst,with a minimum DSC of 0.14%and an average DSC of 56.30%,while Flex-1 performed well,achieving a minimum DSC of 47.90%and an average DSC of 67.35%.Meanwhile,Segresnet-2 in Segresnet group had the worst test results,with a minimum DSC of 0.00%and an average DSC of 42.46%,while Segresnet-3 test results were better,with a minimum DSC of 42.65%and an average DSC of 63.28%.In the fixed testing phase,the best results among all were as follows:average DSC and RVD values of 63.88%and 29.41%in Segresnet-3 group,average ASSD value of 4.43 mm in Segresnet-2 group,and average HD95 value of 12.87 mm in Segresnet-1 group.Conclusion Both Flex and Segresnet architectures of convolutional neural network can be used for the automatic pancreatic tumor GTV segmentation training,with Segresnet performing better in comprehensive evaluation.

Objective:To observe any effect of combining repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with electro-acupuncture in treating post-stroke cognitive impairment (PISC).Methods:Three groups of PISC patients were formed through random selection: an rTMS group, an electro-acupuncture group, and a combined group. In addition to routine medication and conventional rehabilitation training, the rTMS and electro-acupuncture groups received rTMS and electro-acupuncture treatment, while the combined group underwent both for six weeks. Before the treatment, immediately afterward and 3, 6, and 12 months later, everyone′s cognitive functioning was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The modified Barthel Index (MBI), the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were also applied. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) was employed to measure the mean cerebral blood flow velocity (Vm), pulsatility index (PI), and breath-holding index (BHI) in the subjects′ bilateral middle cerebral arteries (MCAs). The total effectiveness rates and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared among the three groups.Results:The MoCA scores, MBI scores, HAMD-17 scores, NIHSS scores, and Vm of the MCA had improved significantly in all three groups right after the treatment. There was further significant improvement in the average MoCA scores 12 months later. The combined group showed significantly higher MoCA scores than the other two groups at each time point after the treatment. That group also had superior MBI, HAMD-17 and NIHSS scores and a better BHI compared to the other 2 groups, on average. Its total effectiveness rate was significantly higher too. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among the groups.Conclusions:Combining rTMS with electro-acupuncture significantly improves cognition, ADL ability, depression and neurological functioning after a stroke. The combined treatment is worthy of wider clinical application.

Objective:To investigate and analyze the predictive value of inhibin A (INHA), galectin-13 (Gal-13), leucine rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) in serum for adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) .Methods:From Jan. 2022 to Dec. 2023, 87 GDM pregnant women admitted to Obstetrics Department of Shanxi Children’s Hospital were included as the study group, and were assigned into a good outcome group ( n=54) and an adverse outcome group ( n=33) based on pregnancy outcomes. Meantime, another 87 healthy pregnant women who underwent normal prenatal examinations at our hospital and had no complications were selected as the control group. ELISA method was applied to detect serum levels of INHA, LRG1, and Gal-13. Multiple factor Logistic regression model was constructed to analyze the factors affecting adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM pregnant women. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to evaluate the efficacy of the three methods in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM pregnant women. Results:Compared with the control group, the levels of INHA and LRG1 in the serum of pregnant women in the study group were obviously higher, and the level of Gal-13 in the serum was obviously lower ( P<0.05). Compared with the good outcome group, the adverse outcome group showed an increase in serum INHA and LRG1 levels and a decrease in serum Gal-13 level ( P<0.05). Elevated levels of serum INHA and LRG1 were risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM pregnant women, while elevated level of serum Gal-13 was a protective factor ( P<0.05). The AUC values for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM pregnant women based solely on serum INHA, Gal-13, and LRG1 levels were 0.859, 0.850, and 0.841, respectively. The AUC predicted by the combination of the three factors was 0.978, which was better than the individual predictions of serum INHA, Gal-13, and LRG1 ( Zcombination-HA=2.378, Z combination-Gal-13=3.193, Zcombination-LRG1=3.050, P=0.017, 0.001, 0.002) . Conclusions:Serum levels of INHA and LRG1 are elevated in GDM pregnant women, while serum level of Gal-13 is decreased. All three are potential factors that affect the pregnancy outcomes of GDM pregnant women, and the combination of the three shows higher efficacy in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM pregnant women.

Objective To investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1(GSRG1)on the proliferation,mi-gration,and inflammatory cytokine expression of human gingival fibroblasts(HGFs)induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Methods HGFs were isolated and cultured using the tissue block method.The effects of different concentrations of LPS(0,1,5,10,20μg/mL)on inflammatory cytokines in HGFs were detected by ELISA.Cells were divided into three groups:control group(no treat-ment),LPS group(20 μg/mL LPS),and LPS+GSRG1 group(20 μg/mL LPS and 100 mg/L GSRG1).Cell proliferation was detec-ted by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8);cell migration was assessed by Transwell assay;intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)lev-els were compared using flow cytometry;and the expression levels of TNF-α,IL-6,NLRP3,p-p38,and p38 proteins were detected by Western blot.Results LPS concentrations of 5,10,and 20 μg/mL significantly increased the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in HGFs(P＜0.05),with 20 μg/mL showing the strongest pro-inflammatory effect.Compared with the control group,there was no notable difference in the proliferation of HGFs in the LPS group at Day 1 and 2.However,on Day 3,4 and 5,decreased cell proliferation,re-duced migration,significantly increased ROS levels(P＜0.001),elevated protein expression of TNF-α,IL-6,and NLRP3(P＜0.001),and reduced p-p38 protein expression(P＜0.001)were exhibited.Compared with the LPS group,the LPS+GSRG1 group showed significantly enhanced cell proliferation and migration(P＜0.05),reduced ROS levels,decreased protein expression of TNF-α,IL-6,and NLRP3,and increased p-p38 protein expression(P＜0.001).There was no significant change in p38 expression among the three groups.Conclusion GSRG1 can alleviate the inhibitory effects of LPS on the proliferation and migration of HGFs and inhibit the inflammatory response,potentially through mechanisms involving p-p38 protein regulation.