Objective: To assess the status of sexual behaviors, HIV/AIDS knowledge awareness, and novel synthetic drug use among school attending young students in Guangdong Province, so as to provide evidence base for formulating targeted intervention strategies. Methods: From September to December 2024, a convenience sampling method was employed to conduct an anonymous online survey among 41 119 students from 20 higher education institutions and vocational colleges in Guangdong Province. Chi square test was utilized for rate comparisons and univariate analysis, and a multivariate Logistic regression model was applied to analyze factors associated with novel synthetic drug use. Results: The self reported rate of sexual behavior was 5.2%. Among sexually active students, the rates of unprotected sexual intercourse, having temporary sexual partners, and having commercial sexual partners were 32.4%, 34.5%, and 26.3%, respectively. The awareness rate of HIV related knowledge was 75.7%. The overall use rate of novel psychoactive substances(NPS) was 1.0%, and among sexually active students it was 6.5%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that students with sexual experience ( OR =4.15) and those with HIV testing history ( OR =9.38) had higher risks of NPS use; among sexually active students, those with unprotected sexual intercourse ( OR =6.83) and those with commercial sexual partners ( OR = 4.68 ) had higher risks of NPS use (all P <0.05). Conclusions The HIV/AIDS knowledge level among surveyed students needs further improvement, and high risk sexual behaviors are cross linked with novel synthetic drug use. It is recommended to carry out integrated health education for all students and implement comprehensive targeted interventions for sexually active students.

Objective:To establish a model for the combined detection of serum copeptin and inflammatory markers in acute stroke (AS), and to explore the value of copeptin and inflammatory marker detection in the clinical diagnosis and prognosis assessment of AS.Methods:A total of 75 patients were diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) [46 males, age (64.1±11.7) years] and 45 patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) [28 males, age (61.0±13.9) years] who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine through the emergency department from January 1 to July 31, 2024, were included as the observation group. Meanwhile, 60 healthy individuals [39 males, age (64.4±8.2) years] were selected as the control group (HC). The differences in serum copeptin levels and inflammatory markers among different groups were compared. ROC curves were drawn to analyze the value of copeptin and inflammatory markers in the clinical diagnosis and prognosis assessment of AIS. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves to analyze the in-hospital survival rates of patients in different groups. Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify the risk factors affecting the prognosis of AIS patients.Results:The level of copeptin was significantly elevated in AS, with the results showing ICH>AIS>HC ( H=100.11, P<0.001). Copeptin demonstrated the highest efficacy in the early diagnosis of AIS and ICH (AUC=0.893, sensitivity 89.3%, specificity 75.0%; AUC=0.986, sensitivity 95.6%, specificity 93.3%) and the assessment of prognosis (AUC=0.997, sensitivity 100%, specificity 96.8%; AUC=0.907, sensitivity 86.7%, specificity 86.7%), outperforming other single indicators. The combined detection of copeptin with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the systemic immune-inflammation index (SIIRI) was the best combination for the early diagnosis of AIS and ICH (AUC=0.937, sensitivity 77.3%, specificity 98.3%; AUC=0.989, sensitivity 95.6%, specificity 95.0%) and for the assessment of prognosis (AUC=0.996, sensitivity 100%, specificity 96.8%; AUC=0.944, sensitivity 86.7%, specificity 90.0%). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that AIS patients in the low-value group of copeptin and NLR had a higher survival rate during hospitalization than those in the high-value group ( HR 54.46, 7.608, P<0.01, respectively), and ICH patients in the low-value group of copeptin, SIIRI, SIRI, and SII had a higher survival rate during hospitalization than those in the high-value group ( HR 12.67, 7.923, 3.567, 5.925, P<0.05); Cox regression showed that copeptin, NLR, NIHSS, and mRS were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with AIS ( HR 1.421, 1.368, 1.158, and 1.188, respectively, P<0.05), copeptin and SIIRI were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of ICH ( HR 1.308, 1.113, P<0.05), and GCS was a protective factor affecting ICH prognosis ( HR=0.741, P<0.05). Conclusion:Copeptin and inflammatory indicators can reflect the severity of different subtypes of stroke. The single or combined detection shows good value in the clinical application of AS. The combination of copeptin-NLR and copeptin-SIIRI is respectively the best comprehensive biomarker combination for the early diagnosis and prognosis assessment of AIS and ICH.

The reliability and practicality of research findings in health economics are gradually becoming core issues of close concern for clinical and public health experts. As healthcare resources remain under increasing pressure, conducting efficient cost-effectiveness analyses and achieving rational resource allocation are becoming ever more critical. In recent years, medical laboratory health economics has transitioned from purely academic discussions to integration into clinical practice, becoming a key tool for improving the efficiency and quality of healthcare services. It has demonstrated remarkable results in optimizing patient management and medical decision-making processes. So we invited experts from the fields of medical laboratory science and health economics to share valuable experiences and unique insights on topics such as cost assessment methods, pricing strategies, quality regulation, and the role of medical laboratory health economics in enhancing clinical practice and patient benefits. These experts generally agree that, while research in medical laboratory health economics has shown significant advantages and effectively addressed urgent clinical needs in resource allocation and cost control, it still faces multiple challenges, including limitations in research methodology application, high operational costs, and insufficient standardization of management systems.

The nervous system not only affects the core processes of tumors such as proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis, but is also closely related to symptoms such as tumor-related pain and cachexia. Meanwhile, tumor cells can invade adjacent tissues through nerve pathways to induce perineural invasion, which promotes tumor development. This article reviews the research progress in role of the nervous system in tumor occurrence and development from perspectives of tumor perineural invasion, neurotrophic factors, autonomic and sensory nerves, and influence of the neuroimmune system in tumors, in order to provide new perspective and method for tumor treatment.

Objective To construct a model for predicting ki-67 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma using the intratumoral and peritumoral radiomic features of contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(CEMRI)in the arterial phase as well as clinical imaging features.Methods A total of 120 patients pathologically diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)from January 2016 to December 2024 in No.910 Hospital of the Joint Logis-tics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army were retrospectively enrolled and randomly divided into a training set(84 cases)and a test set(36 cases)in a ratio of 7∶3.ITK-SNAP software was used to delineate the global region of interest(ROI)of HCC on the arterial phase MR images.The ROIs of all patients were automatically expanded outward by 2 mm,and then the intratumoral ROI areas were eliminated to obtain the peritumoral ROI.With the help of PyRadiomics software,1 198 intratumoral and peritumoral radiomic features were extracted.Spearman correlation analysis,maximum relevance-minimum redundancy(mRMR),and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression were used to reduce the data dimension and select the best features.Then,a radiomics model of the logistic regression(LR)machine learning algorithm was constructed.A combined model including clinical imaging features and radiomics features was established.The area under the curve(AUC),accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV),negative predictive value(NPV),calibration curve and decision curve analysis(DCA)were used to evaluate the efficacy of the intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics features combined with clinical imaging features model in predicting ki-67 expression in hepatocellular car-cinoma.Results The intratumor model exhibited an efficacy in predicting the expression of ki-67 in hepatocellular carcinoma with AUC values of 0.817 and 0.787 in the training set and test set,respectively.The peritumoral model showed an efficacy with AUC values of 0.805 and 0.633 in the training set and test set,respectively.The intratumoral and peritumoral model demonstrated AUC values of 0.874 and 0.836 in the training set and test set,respectively.The combined model constructed by integrating the intratumoral and peritumoral model with clinical imaging features yielded AUC values of 0.877 and 0.849 in the training set and test set,respectively,indicating clinical imaging features improved the performance of the model.DCA showed that the combined models all had good clinical benefits,with the intratumoral and peritumoral model performing the best.Conclusion The intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics model based on CEMRI arterial phase combined with clinical imaging data can accurately predict the expression of ki-67 in hepatocellular carcinoma.This combined model yields the best clinical benefit.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the ameliorative effect of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Alumine and its effective components on inflammatory response in mice with acute lung injury(ALI).METHODS A mice model of acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)was used as the in vivo animal model.The levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β,the total protein concentration,the number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,the ratio of lung wet weight to dry weight,and the pathological damage of lung tissues were taken as the evaluation indexes.RAW264.7 macrophages induced by LPS were used as the in vitro experimental model,with the mRNA levels of intracellular inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 as indicators,systematic solvent extraction and silica gel column chromatography were used to separate and screen the effective parts and components of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Alumine for treating acute lung injury.The component composition of the effective fractions was analyzed by mass spectrometry,the content of cyclic dipeptide components in the effective fraction was determined,and the anti-in-flammatory activity of cyclic dipeptides was verified in vitro.RESULTS The ethyl acetate extraction fraction obtained by extracting the supernatant of water extraction and ethanol precipitation of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Alumine(referred to as the ethyl acetate fraction for short)significantly improved the inflammatory response in mice with acute lung injury and significantly reduced the mRNA levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS.The Fr.1 fraction isolated from the ethyl acetate frac-tion by silica gel column chromatography had anti-inflammatory effects in vitro.Mass spectrometry determined the content of two main cyclic dipeptide components,cyclo-(Pro-Phe)and cyclo-(Pro-Val),in the Fr.1 fraction.After mixing these two cyclic dipeptide components in the molar ratio in the Fr.1 fraction and administering them in vitro,the results showed that the combination of these two cyclic dipeptide components could significantly inhibit the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS.CONCLUSION Cyclic dipeptide component is one of the main material basis categories for the anti-inflammatory effect of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Alumine.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, as a widespread and high-profile type of epigenetic modification, can dynamically and reversibly regulate the whole process of RNA metabolism. This modification governs RNA stability, splicing, and translation via m6A regulators, which are categorized as Writers, Erasers, and Readers. m6A modification also plays a critical role in the development of tumors. Disruptions in the homeostasis of m6A modification levels lead to dysregulation of m6A regulators. Consequently, these dysregulated regulators modulate the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells and interfere with the normal functions of suppressor genes and oncogenes. This article aims to comprehensively elucidate the specific regulatory impacts of m6A modification on tumor-related gene expression. It focuses on the regulatory mechanisms of m6A modification on mRNA stability. Additionally, it explores the influence of m6A on the molecular translation of key signaling pathways. Moreover, it investigates the indirect regulatory effects mediated by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), etc. The intention is to offer a novel analysis of the pathogenesis of cancer at a new level, and also provide a theoretical basis for finding new effective treatment methods.

Objective To evaluate the recognition capability of AI-enabled Cellsee CS-BM1 automatic cell morphology analyzer for pe-ripheral blood smears and its roles in assisting manual classification,and explore the application value of AI system in the diagnosis network of tiered primary medical units.Methods The blood samples which triggered the re-examination rules were collected from six primary medical units,including the Laboratory Department of Shanghai Jiahui International Hospital,and so on,from March to No-vember 2023.The smears of peripheral blood were prepared and AI analyzer was used for pre-classification to evaluate its recognition performance in identifying the samples with abnormal WBC and RBC.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of WBC classification by six junior and intermediate technicians,both with and without AI assistance,were analyzed.Additionally,the roles of the AI system in tiered diagnosis of primary medical units were also evaluated.Results The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of AI system in recognizing malignant primitive cells were 92.86％,95.16％,and 95.10％,respectively.The sensitivities of AI system in recognizing immature granulocytes,reactive lymphocytes,and nucleated RBCs were all greater than 90％.The sensitivity of AI system in identif-ying abnormal morphology of RBCs reached 99.59％,along with rapid quantitative analysis for various anomalous types of RBCs.In AI-assisted mode,the sensitivity of recognition for all cell types was improved to varying degrees by junior and intermediate technicians,and the sensitivity for recognizing malignant primitive cells,reactive lymphocytes,and immature granulocytes increased to 58.24％,53.39％,and 62.37％for junior technicians,and to 92.06％,83.24％,and 83.12％for intermediate technicians,respectively.The improvements for junior technicians were particularly significant,with increases of 12.46％,10.61％,and 3.71％for each cell type,respectively.Both groups achieved higher specificity and accuracy.Through AI pre-classification and manual review,a variety of pe-ripheral blood cell-related diseases were accurately diagnosed in the tiered healthcare practice of primary medical units,including 339 cases(11.13％)of red blood cell diseases,5 cases(0.16％)of platelet diseases,2 343 cases(76.90％)of infection-related disea-ses,and 28 cases(0.92％)of malignant hematological diseases.In addition,332 cases(10.90％)which lacked an obvious related cause or required further examinations were identified as well.Conclusion AI pre-classification has demonstrated strong cell recogni-tion capabilities and may assist technicians in improving the sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of blood cell classification.AI could en-hance the disease-screening capabilities in the tiered diagnosis network of primary medical units,presenting a broad application prospect.

Objective To observe the value of exercise for improving neuroplasticity in overweight and obese people using meta-analysis.Methods Articles of functional MRI(fMRI)studies about brain activation changes in overweight or obese people after exercise published in Web of Science,PubMed,PsycINFO and CNKI were searched from the establishment of database to August 1,2024.The data were analyzed with activation likelihood estimation(ALE),and the coordinates of brain activation clusters were obtained.Results A total of 11 articles were ultimately enrolled,including 186 overweight or obese subjects.After exercise,the activation of the right middle frontal gyrus increased in all subjects,while of the left anterior lobe of cerebellum,left precuneus and right cuneus decreased.Among them,activation of the right cingulate gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus in minors increased,while of the left anterior lobe of cerebellum and bilateral precentral gyrus decreased.And the activation of the bilateral lentiform nuclei,right middle frontal gyrus,right cingulate gyrus and right parahippocampal gyrus in adults increased,while of the bilateral precuneus decreased.Conclusion Exercise could improve activation level of brain regions related to executive function,working memory,attention and motor control in overweight or obese people,which were different between minors and adults.

The nervous system not only affects the core processes of tumors such as proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis, but is also closely related to symptoms such as tumor-related pain and cachexia. Meanwhile, tumor cells can invade adjacent tissues through nerve pathways to induce perineural invasion, which promotes tumor development. This article reviews the research progress in role of the nervous system in tumor occurrence and development from perspectives of tumor perineural invasion, neurotrophic factors, autonomic and sensory nerves, and influence of the neuroimmune system in tumors, in order to provide new perspective and method for tumor treatment.