Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS)is a complex three-dimensional deformity involving coronal,sagittal,and axial planes,with a prevalence that should not be overlooked.With advancements in technology and in-depth research,an increasing number of hospitals and physicians are exploring standardized diagnostic and treatment approaches for AIS.Comprehensive and in-depth understanding is required for AIS,including its etiology,screening and diagnosis,classification,assessment and examination,treatment options,exploration of current focus,and evaluation of quality of life.Such understanding ensures that the diagnostic and treatment are scientific,standardized,and timely.Based on the principles of evidence-based medicine,a consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of AIS is reached after multiple discussions among spinal surgery experts,aiming to provide reference and guidance for clinical practice.

Foodborne illnesses caused by Salmonella pose significant threats to worldwide public health safety.In this study,a rapid method for screening viable Salmonella in oyster sauce and milk was developed by utilizing an electronic microbial growth analyzer(EMGA).Target food samples were diluted 10-fold with RVS broth and loaded into test tubes.Test tubes were positioned in the EMGA to determine the bacterial growth curves and the time required to reach the maximum growth rate(Tmgr).Using Salmonella typhimurium(S.typhimurium)asan model species,there was linear relationship between the logarithmic value of viable bacterial concentration(lgC)and Tmgr over the range of 5×101-5×106 CFU/mL,with a detection limit of 10 CFU/mL.For oyster sauce,the regression equation was Tmgr(min)=-80.775lg[C/(CFU/mL)]+754.96(R2=0.9907),and the recovery rates of S.typhimurium ranged from 95.2%to 119.8%,with relative standard deviations(RSD)ranging from 3.5%to 16.3%.For milk,the regression equation was Tmgr(min)=-71.922 lg[C/(CFU/mL)]+618.65(R2=0.9985),with recovery rates ranging from 98.4%to 110.6%and RSD ranging from 6.4%to 12.8%.The EMGA method required only one portable instrument,and involving only three manual steps,i.e.,dilution,transfer,and insertion.When S.typhimurium contamination reached 106 CFU/mL,the total time consumption,from the unwrapping of samples to the readout of bacterial concentration,was no more than 7 h.When applied to detection of actual oyster sauce and milk samples,the new method demonstrated strong consistency with plate counting results in positive detection rates.This method was superior to the plate counting method,which was generally considered as a gold standard,in terms of accuracy,precision,simplicity and efficiency,representing a promising alternative for the on-site screening and quantification of viable Salmonella in oyster sauce and milk products.

Objective To explore the objective facial appearance characteristics of patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods From April 7,2019 to December 1,2022,313 patients with CHD were recruited from Dongzhimen Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Dongfang Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,and the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,together with 293 healthy controls.Standardized facial images were obtained using the tongue-face diagnostic instrument.The face was divided into six regions:the forehead,left cheek,right cheek,nose,lips,and chin.Nine color parameters were extracted from each region,including red(R),green(G),blue(B),hue(H),saturation(S),value(V),lightness(L),red-green axis(a),and yellow-blue axis(b).Comparisons between groups were performed.Results Compared with the healthy group,in the forehead region,values of R,S,V,a,and b were higher in the coronary heart disease group,whereas B was lower(P<0.05);in the left cheek,nose,and chin regions,R,G,B,V,and L decreased,whereas S,a,and b increased(P<0.05);in the right cheek region,R,G,B,H,V,and L decreased,while S,a,and b increased(P<0.05);in the lips region,R,G,B,H,V,L,and a decreased,whereas S and b increased(P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with healthy individuals,patients with CHD present with a darker,more saturated facial complexion with reduced brightness,overall manifesting as"dark red complexion"and"dense but not bright color,"suggesting the pathogenesis of qi and blood circulation stagnation and internal blood stasis retention.The objective expression of facial features may have greater application value in syndrome differentiation and auxiliary diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine.

Depression is a highly heterogeneous psychiatric disorder with complex pathogenesis influenced by the interplay of biological,psychological,and social-environmental factors.Based on the 2021 edition of the Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Depressive Disorders,which explicitly identify gender as a significant risk factor for depression onset,this paper systematically reviews the gender-differentiated pathogenesis and therapeutic advances in depression from both traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and Western medical perspectives.In Western medicine,a large number of studies have demonstrated the sex-specific mechanism of estrogen/testosterone fluctuations and monoamine transmitter system regulation.While in TCM,although the constitution theory proposes that there are significant gender differences in congenital constitution and that qi depression and qi deficiency are associated with susceptibility to depression,current evidence primarily relies on cross-sectional surveys and lacks validation through high-quality RCTs.Compared with Western medicine,the direct research on gender-differentiated antidepressant effects in TCM remains relatively underdeveloped.In future study,it may be possible to deepen and improve the research on anti-depression in TCM from the biological markers of particular constitutions in the gender dimension.This paper advocates establishing a bio-psycho-social integrated intervention model,advancing mechanistic exploration through prospective cohort studies and multi-omics technologies,and promoting precision diagnosis and treatment systems based on gender differences,and to form a three-dimensional diagnosis and treatment and research system that covers biomarkers,social role assessment,and TCM constitution identification,in order to provide a new theoretical framework and a practical pathway for the precise medical treatment of depression.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and independent risk factors of severe disease in patients with anti-nuclear matrix protein (NXP) 2 antibody-positive juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including 219 anti-NXP2 antibody-positive JDM patients admitted to 23 children′s hospitals across China from July 2011 to July 2023. Patients were classified into severe and non-severe groups based on classification criteria for severe dermatomyositis. Demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, and laboratory parameters were compared between the 2 groups using independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, or χ2 test. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for severe disease. The receiver operating characteristic curve was employed to calculate optimal cut-off values. Results:Among the 219 patients, 108 were male and 111 were female, with an age at onset of 6.3 (3.5, 9.4) years. The severe group comprised 69 patients, and the non-severe group 150 patients. The severe group had significantly higher rates of fever, heliotrope rash, subcutaneous edema, periorbital edema, anti-Ro52 antibody positivity, as well as elevated levels of ferritin-to-albumin ratio (FAR), creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis identified anti-Ro52 antibody positivity ( OR=13.26, 95% CI 1.37-128.29) and elevated FAR ( OR=1.90, 95% CI 1.09-2.31) as independent risk factors for severe anti-NXP2 antibody-positive JDM (both P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that a FAR cutoff value of 6.82 predicted severe disease with an area under the curve of 0.87 (95% CI 0.81-0.94, P<0.001), sensitivity of 0.85, and specificity of 0.70. All patients received glucocorticoid therapy, and the severe group received higher proportions of steroid pulse therapy, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, intravenous immunoglobulin, biologics, and adjuvant treatments compared to the non-severe group (all P<0.05). In terms of outcomes, 2 patients (2.9%) in the severe group died (due to neurological involvement and intestinal perforation, respectively), while the remaining patients achieved complete clinical response or remission. All patients in the non-severe group achieved remission. Conclusions:The primary clinical features of anti-NXP2 antibody-positive JDM included fever, heliotrope rash, subcutaneous edema, periorbital edema, anti-Ro52 antibody positivity, and elevated levels of CK, AST, LDH, and FAR. Furthermore, anti-Ro52 antibody positivity and a FAR>6.82 were identified as independent risk factors.

Objective To observe the value of MR 3D-T1WI and T2WI radiomics for diagnosing early and middle stage Parkinson disease(PD).Methods A total of 96 patients with early or middle stage PD(Hoehn-Yahr[H-Y]stage≤2.5)and 96 matched healthy adults were retrospectively collected and divided into training set(n=135,including 67 cases of PD and 68 healthy adults)and validation set(n=57,including 28 cases of PD and 29 healthy adults)at the ratio of 7∶3.The optimal radiomics features of left red nucleus(LRN),right red nucleus(RRN),left substantia nigra(LSN)and right substantia nigra(RSN)were extracted and screened from cranial 3D-T1WI and T2WI in training set.Then radiomics models of single MR sequence and combined MR sequences were constructed,respectively,the radiomics scores(Radscore)were obtained,the diagnostic efficacy of each model for diagnosing early and middle stage PD was validated using validation set,and the correlations of Radscore of each model and clinical scale scores of PD patients were analyzed.Results Based on LRN,RRN,LSN and RSN on 3D-T1WI and T2WI,15,14,11 and 14,and 15,12,14 and 12 optimal radiomics features were obtained,respectively.Then models of single sequence,including LRN3D-T1W,I RRN3D-T1W,I LSN3D-T1W,I RSN3D-T1W,I LRNT2W,I RRNT2W,I LSNT2WI and RSNT2W,I as well as models of combined sequences,including LRN3D-T1WI+T2WI,RRN3D-T1WI+T2WI,LSN3D-T1WI+T2WI and RSN3D-T1WI+T2WI were constructed.The AUC of models in training and validation sets based on 3D-T1WI were 0.75-0.86,of models based on T2WI in training and validation sets were 0.82-0.90,while of combined models were 0.85-0.93.The Radscore of LRN3D-T1WI model in PD patients was negatively correlated with Hamilton depression scale(HAMD)and Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA)scores(rs=-0.255,-0.242,P=0.011,0.016),while of RSNT2WI model was negatively correlated with HAMD score(rs=-0.254,P=0.010).Conclusion 3D-T1WI and T2WI radiomics could be used to diagnose early and middle stage PD.

The integration of science and education is not only an important strategy for promoting social progress and technological development,but also a modern form of higher education aiming at cultivating innovative talents.Conducting scientific research training for undergraduate medical students is one of the important ways to cultivate their innovative abilities and comprehensive qualities.Our team proposed a"teaching,science,and ideology trinity"teaching model to comprehensively cultivate students' scientific research comprehensive abilities under the value orientation of ideological and political education by or-ganically integrating molecular biology experimental teaching with the scientific research training of under-graduate medical students.In this teaching activity,taking the experiment of gene polymorphism as an example,our team selected students with research potential from the whole grade and divided them into 4 project groups that were instructed by 4 teachers.The students were trained in the whole process of scien-tific research,including topic selection,project writing,experimental designing,application for research ethics,and project summary.Our team has always adhered to student-contentedness of educational con-cepts to stimulate students' intrinsic motivation throughout the teaching process.Students are the design-ers and implementers of the project,and teachers are only guides and promoters of learning.After this training,students not only became familiar with the writing and implementation of scientific research pro-jects,but also improved their literature reading,experimental designing,experimental skills,and prob-lem-solving abilities.More importantly,this teaching activity also cultivated students' awareness of re-search ethics and academic moral standards.

Objective To analyze the biomechanical characteristics of cannulated screws internal fixation models with different spatial distribution in the treatment of PauwelsⅡ fracture of the femoral neck through finite element analysis.Methods One healthy male volunteer was selected as the research subject.A thin-layer scan from the femoral head to the distal femur of the volunteer was performed using 128-slice spiral CT to preliminarily construct a three-dimensional mesh model of the femur.Through subsequent processing,a cannulated screw internal fixation model conforming to human anatomical characteristics was obtained.A horizontal line was drawn based on the center line of the femoral shaft,and the fracture line was set at the center of the femoral neck with an angle of 50° to the horizontal line to construct the Pauwels Ⅱ femoral neck fracture model.Five kinds of cannulated screw internal fixation models with different spatial distribution were simulated and designed in SolidWorks 2021 software,and the assembly models were imported into Ansys 2021R1 software to establish the finite element model.The stress distribution of the femur and its internal fixator in the five models were evaluated,and the displacement of the femoral neck fracture cross-section in the X,Y,and Z directions,as well as the overall displacement of the femur and the internal fixator were analyzed.Results The stresses of the proximal femur of the five models concentrated below the femoral neck fracture line,and the stress peak of the inverted equilateral triangle configuration was the smallest(19.179 MPa).The total stresses of the internal fixator in the five models all concentrated in the middle region of the ventral cannulated screw at the proximal femur,and the stress peak of the inverted equilateral triangle configuration was the lowest(61.742 MPa).The maximum displacement of the femoral neck fracture cross-section in the X and Y directions of the five models all appeared in the anterior and upper regions of the cross-section,and the displacement of the inverted equilateral triangle configuration was the smallest(X axis:0.446 54 mm,Y axis:0.704 21 mm).The maximum displacement of the femoral neck fracture cross-section in the Z direction of the five models all occurred in the posterior upper part of the cross-section,among which the displacement of the inverted equilateral triangle configuration was the smallest(0.225 62 mm).The overall displacement of the proximal femur of the five models concentrated in the stress-loading area of the femoral head,and the displacement of the inverted equilateral triangle configuration was the smallest(0.721 16 mm).The maximum displacement of the internal fixator of the five models located at the tip of the cannulated screw fixed at the top of the femoral neck near the posterior wall,and the displacement of the inverted equilateral triangle configuration was the smallest(0.686 83 mm).Conclusion Among the five different cannulated screws internal fixation models for Pauwels Ⅱ femoral neck fractures,the inverted equilateral triangle configuration has the best stress dispersion effect,the smallest displacement of fracture end,and the best biomechanical stability.

The integration of science and education is not only an important strategy for promoting social progress and technological development,but also a modern form of higher education aiming at cultivating innovative talents.Conducting scientific research training for undergraduate medical students is one of the important ways to cultivate their innovative abilities and comprehensive qualities.Our team proposed a"teaching,science,and ideology trinity"teaching model to comprehensively cultivate students' scientific research comprehensive abilities under the value orientation of ideological and political education by or-ganically integrating molecular biology experimental teaching with the scientific research training of under-graduate medical students.In this teaching activity,taking the experiment of gene polymorphism as an example,our team selected students with research potential from the whole grade and divided them into 4 project groups that were instructed by 4 teachers.The students were trained in the whole process of scien-tific research,including topic selection,project writing,experimental designing,application for research ethics,and project summary.Our team has always adhered to student-contentedness of educational con-cepts to stimulate students' intrinsic motivation throughout the teaching process.Students are the design-ers and implementers of the project,and teachers are only guides and promoters of learning.After this training,students not only became familiar with the writing and implementation of scientific research pro-jects,but also improved their literature reading,experimental designing,experimental skills,and prob-lem-solving abilities.More importantly,this teaching activity also cultivated students' awareness of re-search ethics and academic moral standards.