Objective To explore the value of phase contrast(PC)MRI intracranial hemodynamic parameters for predicting acute mountain sickness(AMS).Methods Totally 72 healthy young volunteers were prospectively recruited.Intracranial hemodynamic parameters of internal carotid artery(ICA)and internal jugular vein(IJV)were measured using PC MRI under normal breathing,as well as mild,moderate and severe Valsalva maneuvers(VM)in plain area.The subjects were divided into AMS group(n=9)and non-AMS group(n=63)according to results of Lake Louise score(LLS)10 h after a rapid ascent to plateau area with altitude of 4 411 m.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to screen independent predictors of AMS under different states and then construct single and combined VM states prediction models.Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted,and the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated to evaluate the predictive efficacy of each model.Results ICA pulsatility index(PIICA)under mild VM,IJV cross-sectional area(SIJV)under moderate VM and IJV resistance index(RIIJV)under severe VM were all independent predictors of AMS(all P＜0.05).The efficacy of combined VM states model(AUC=0.869)for predicting AMS was higher than each single VM state model(AUC=0.698-0.738).Conclusion The model constructed based on PIICA under mild VM,SIJV under moderate VM and RIIJV under severe VM could be used to effectively predict AMS.

Objective:To investigate the pharmacological mechanism of Compound Xuanju Capsule in the treatment of erectile dysfunction(ED)by using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.Methods:The active ingredients and targets of Compound Xuanju Capsule were screened using Traditional Chinese Medicine Systematic Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP).TTD,OMIM,DrugBank and GeneCards databases were used to obtain genes related to ED,and the union of the results was taken as the disease genes of ED.The common target of drug and disease was taken as the potential target of Compound Xuanju Capsule in ED,and the drug-disease interaction network was constructed by using Cytoscape software.The protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed by using String database,which was then imported into Cytoscape to identify the key target.Based on the drug-disease intersection genes,GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed to predict the relevant signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of Compound Xuanju Capsule for the treatment of ED.Autodock software was used to perform molecular docking between the active ingredients and the core targets.Results:Forty chemical components of Compound Xuanju Capsule were screened,and 239 predicted targets were obtained.A total of 1 907 ED-related genes were screened,and 97 common targets were identified between Compound Xuanju Capsule and ED,among which the core targets included EGFR,ESR1,HIF1A,PTGS2,and STAT3.The signaling pathways obtained by KEGG enrichment analysis included calcium signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,cGMP-PKG signaling pathway,relaxin signaling pathway,Serotonergic synapse signaling pathway.The molecular docking results showed that there were molecular binding sites between the key active ingredients and the core targets with strong binding activity.Conclusion:Compound Xuanju Capsule may treat ED through multi-target pathways such as anti-inflamnmato-ry and improving cellular oxidative stress.

Objective To investigate the effects of ischemia time and storage periods on RNA quality in fresh-frozen breast cancer(BC)and esophageal cancer(EC)tissue samples in order to establish evidence-based protocols for biobank sample management.Methods The tumor(T)and paired normal(N)tissue samples from 6 cases of BC and 6 cases of EC were collected and cryopreserved in Biobank,Shantou Central Hospital.Mirror paraffin-embedded tissues were simultaneously prepared into sections for morphological analysis.The samples were divided into two groups of<15 min and 15-30 min according to ischemia time,and RNA quality was analyzed at 4 storage periods of 8-10 months(T1),14-16 months(T2),26-28 months(T3)and 38-40 months(T4).Results In 96 analyzed samples,93.8%(90/96)exhibited high quality(RIN≥6),with 89.6%(43/48)in BC and 97.9%(47/48)in EC.Significant differences in RIN were observed between BC group and EC group(8.050 vs.8.600,P=0.009).In EC group,RIN value was significantly negatively correlated with RNA yield(P<0.001).Moreover,RIN values of tumor-normal pairs exhibited markedly significant differences(7.550 vs.9.000,P<0.001).In contrast,no significant difference was detected in BC group(8.200 vs.7.700,P=0.348).Statistical analysis showed that RIN value was positively correlated with 28S/18S(P<0.001),but had no correlation with tumor content(P=0.676)and necrotic content(P=0.055).Neither ischemia time(<15 min vs.15-30 min:8.200 vs.8.300,P=0.932)nor storage periods(T1-T4:8.400,7.700,8.450,8.600,P=0.163)compromised RNA quality.Conclusion Organ origin and tissue type could influence RNA quality of fresh-frozen tissue samples.However,limited ischemia time(≤30 min)and long-term storage period(38-40 months)do not adversely affect RNA quality in fresh-frozen breast cancer and esophageal cancer tissue samples.

As the world's second largest vector of pathogens,ticks can spread a variety of pathogens by sucking the host's blood.Ticks not only threaten human life and health,but also cause great economic losses in animal husbandry.Artificial breeding of ticks can provide a stable environment for the growth and reproduction of ticks,thereby generating sufficient exper-imental materials for understanding ticks'biological characteristics,studying tick-borne pathogens,and developing anti-tick drugs and vaccines.Current methods of breeding ticks in the laboratory can be roughly divided into two categories:breeding methods using host animals or artificial membranes.The selection of breeding method must be comprehensively considered,ac-cording to tick types,blood-sucking habits,living environments,and other aspects.The development processes of the two methods,and their respective advantages and disadvantages,are described and discussed,to assist laboratories in artificial breeding of ticks.

Aim To examine the pathogenesis of disul-fide death gene in vascular dementia(VD)by bioin-formatics analysis of disulfide death differentially ex-pressed genes(DEGs)combined with experimental verification.Methods The death DEGs of disulfide were screened and their correlation was analyzed.The VD patients data in the data set were analyzed by clus-tering and typing and gene set variation.The clustering risk of DEGs was tested with a nomogram model,and the optimal learning model was predicted.After the es-tablishment of VD rat model,water maze test,HE stai-ning and RT-qPCR detection were performed to verify the results of health information.Results Four DEGs including SLC7A11 were obtained,which had antago-nistic or synergistic interaction with each other.The genetic data could be divided into two subtypes with significant differences.After typing,VD disulfide DEGs were mainly concentrated in GnRH signaling pathways.The accuracy of the nomogram prediction model was high.Generalized linear was the best ma-chine learning model.Compared with the sham opera-tion group,the escape latency of rats in the model group was prolonged,the number of crossing platforms decreased,the relative mRNA expression levels of Slc3a2 and Slc7a11 decreased,and LRPPRC in-creased.Conclusions SLC7A11 and other disulfide death DEGs and its related GnRH signaling pathway may be an important part of the pathogenesis of VD di-sulfide death.SLC3A2,LRPPRC and SLC7A11 can be used as characteristic genes in the regulation of VD by disulfide death,which may affect VD progression through the regulation of disulfide death.

Aim To investigate the effects of hydroxyl-safflor yellow A(HSYA)on the regenerative and re-pair functions of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs).Methods hUC-MSCs were mechanically isolated,and their morphology was ob-served.Cell surface marker expression was analyzed u-sing flow cytometry.Osteogenic differentiation was used to confirm the multipotency of the cells.The cells were treated with various concentrations of HSYA(0,100,200,400,600 μmol·L-1),and the optimal con-centration and duration of treatment were determined u-sing the CCK-8 assay.Cells were divided into four groups:control,100,200,and 400 μmol·L-1.The proliferative capacity of hUC-MSCs was assessed by EdU incorporation.Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BD-NF)levels in the culture supernatant were measured u-sing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Cell migra-tion ability was evaluated by Scratch assays.The ex-pression levels of VEGF,BDNF,and fibroblast growth factor 2(FGF2)were detected by Western blotting.Results The isolated cells exhibited characteristics consistent with stem cell surface markers and demon-strated osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation poten-tial.After 48 hours of treatment,no cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations of 100,200,and 400 μmol·L-1compared to the control group.HSYA signifi-cantly increased the number of EdU-positive cells and cell migration rate,with the most pronounced effect was achieved at 200 μmol·L-1(P＜0.01).VEGF and BDNF levels in the supernatant were elevated,with the highest expression observed at 200 μmol·L-1(P＜0.01).Similarly,the expression levels of BDNF,VEGF,and FGF2 were significantly upregulated in the HSYA groups,with the highest levels at 200 μmol·L-1(P＜0.01).Conclusion HSYA promotes the proliferation,migration and angiogenesis of hUC-MSCs,with an optimal concentration of 200 μmol·L-1.

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a chronic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology that can cause joint destruction and deformity.As a small molecule cytokine,the chemokine C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12(CXCL12)regulates the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis by binding to the specific receptor CXC chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4).Therefore,based on the bio-logical characteristics of CXCL12 and CXCR4,this paper intro-duces the pathogenesis of CXCL12/CXCR4 in RA and summari-zes the progress in RA-related research,with the aim of providing clinical value for understanding the pathogenesis of RA and de-veloping novel therapeutic targets.

The development of polysaccharide conjugate vaccines, which convert polysaccharide antigens into T-cell-dependent immunogens through covalent conjugation with protein carriers, represents a critical strategy for enhancing immune protection in infants and young children. Globally licensed conjugate vaccines currently employ carrier proteins including Tetanus Toxoid, Diphtheria Toxoid, and Cross-Reacting Material 197. Recent advances have focused on three key areas: novel carrier protein discovery, optimized conjugation strategies, and evaluation of immune interference during co-administration of multivalent formulations. These efforts aim to achieve broader serotype coverage, prolonged protective efficacy, and simplified immunization schedules. This review synthesizes recent progress in carrier protein development, encompassing vaccine design principles, manufacturing processes, safety profiles, and epidemiological effectiveness. Furthermore, it critically examines current selection criteria for carrier proteins, their clinical applications, and persistent challenges, providing strategic insights to inform future conjugate vaccine development and immunization policy optimization in China.

Objective:To analyze the effects of the disease and injury spectrum on health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) among permanent residents aged 55 and above in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2030.Methods:Based on the mortality surveillance data and the permanent resident population data in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2022, the Sullivan method was used to calculate the HALE during 2016—2022. The Bayesian age-period-cohort model and the grey system model were used to predict the HALE during 2023—2030. The HALE changes in the two periods were decomposed into the contributions of 20 categories of diseases and injuries, respectively.Results:From 2016 to 2022, the HALE increased from 31.41 years (95% CI: 30.50-32.32) to 33.57 years (95% CI: 32.47-34.67). During this period, the mortality effect of neurological disorders slowed the increase of HALE, with a reduction of 0.27 years. By 2030, it is anticipated that the HALE will reach 36.40 years (95% CI: 34.78-38.01). This is expected to be influenced by the mortality effects of nutritional deficiencies (-0.40 years) and mental disorders (-0.29 years), as well as the disability effects of musculoskeletal disorders (-0.66 years), skin and subcutaneous diseases (-0.21 years) and nutritional deficiencies (-0.13 years). Conclusion:The HALE of permanent residents aged 55 years and above in Shenzhen demonstrated an increasing trend over time. Greater attention should be paid to the adverse effects of neurological disorders, nutritional deficiencies, mental disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and skin and subcutaneous diseases on the continuous increase of HALE in this population.

This study was aimed at identifying the pathogenic bacteria responsible for the death of a young tiger at the Fujian Meihua Mountain South China Tiger Breeding Research Institute.Tissue samples from the lungs,liver,and intestines of the deceased tiger were collected,and the bacteria were cultured inasterile environment.The bacterial strains were characterized according to their morphological and molecular biological properties,including assessment of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes,mouse lethality tests,and antibiotic susceptibility evaluations.A predominant bacterial strain isolated from the liver of the deceased tiger was identified as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)strain Tiger22513F.Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the Tiger22513F strain exhibited close genetic similarity to the reference strain ETEC(MF919609.1),with 99.9%nucleotide similarity,and resided on the same evolutionary branch.The Tiger22513F strain contained 11 antibiotic resistance genes(tetA,sul1,sul3,cmlA,floR,blaTEM,blaSHV,blaCMY-2,qnrA,qnrS,and qnrD)along with five virulence genes(VT1,fyuA,tsh,iucD,and ST).Mouse lethality tests indicated significant pathogenicity toward mice,affecting primarily the lungs,liver,and intestines.Antibiotic susceptibility testing demonstrated that this strain exhibited resistance to various classes of beta-lactam antibiotics,as well as quinolones and aminoglycosides.This investigation successfully isolated a multi-drug resistant enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain with pronounced pathogenicity from the liver of a deceased tiger;thus providing valuable scientific insights for clinical diagnosis,as well as prevention and control measures,against ETEC infections in South China tigers.