Childhood simple obesity has become a significant public health issue in China. Modern medicine primarily relies on lifestyle interventions and often suffers from poor long-term compliance， while pharmacological options are limited and associated with potential adverse effects. Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） has a long history in the prevention and management of this condition， demonstrating eight distinct advantages， including systematic theoretical foundation， diversified therapeutic approaches， definite therapeutic efficacy， high safety profile， good patient compliance， comprehensive intervention strategies， emphasis on prevention， and stepwise treatment protocols. Additionally， TCM is characterized by six distinctive features： the use of natural medicinal substances， non-invasive external therapies， integration of medicinal dietetics， simple exercise regimens， precise syndrome differentiation， and diverse dosage forms. By combining internal and external treatments， TCM facilitates individualized regimen adjustment and holistic regulation， demonstrating remarkable effects in improving obesity-related metabolic indicators， regulating constitutional imbalance， and promoting healthy behaviors. However， challenges remain， such as inconsistent operational standards， insufficient high-quality clinical evidence， and a gap between basic research and clinical application. Future efforts should focus on accelerating the standardization of TCM diagnosis and treatment， conducting multicenter randomized controlled trials， and fostering interdisciplinary integration， so as to enhance the scientific validity and international recognition of TCM in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.

In the context of burgeoning economic trade, there has been a remarkable increase in the number of ships travelling between domestic and international ports. Inbound and outbound cargo ships, cruise liners, ferries, and other types of vessels have emerged as critical vehicles for the dispersal of vector organisms and the spread of infectious disease agents. Public health concerns associated with these vessels represent a significant threat to human welfare. In this paper, we comprehensively review the hazards posed by vector organisms on ships, the latest advances in prevention and control strategies, and proposes appropriate countermeasures. The aim is to provide effective guidance for the prevention and control of public health security issues caused by ship-borne vector organisms.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL),calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP),and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)for the prognostic regression of elderly patients with stroke complicated with pulmonary infection(SCPI).Methods:This study was a retrospective single-center study,149 elderly patients with SCPI who were admitted to Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospital from June 2020 to June 2024 were selected,they were divided into poor prognosis group(n=56)and good prognosis group(n=93)according to the prognosis.Baseline data and laboratory test indicators were collected,and NLR was calculated.Serum NGAL and CGRP levels were measured by ELISA.Influencing factors of poor prognosis of elderly patients with SCPI were analyzed by Multivariate logistic regression.Predicts value was analyzed by Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results:Compared with good prognosis group,the poor prognosis group had higher of aged ≥ 70 years,incidence of hemorrhagic stroke,serum creatinine,white blood cell count,national institute of health stroke scale(NIHSS),platelet count,C-reactive protein,NGAL,and NLR levels,longer nerosurgery intensive care unit(NICU)stay,and lower CGRP levels(P＜0.05).Higher CGRP level was an independent protective factor of poor prognosis of elderly patients with SCPI(OR＜1,P＜0.05).Age ≥ 70 years,hemorrhagic stroke,longer NICU stay,higher NIHSS score,higher NGAL level and higher NLR were independent risk factors of poor prognosis of elderly patients with SCPI(OR＞1,P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)for predicting the prognostic regression of elderly patients with SCPI used NGAL,CGRP,and NLR alone or in combination was 0.777,0.771,0.786,and 0.927,respectively,with the combination of three factors showed the highest predictive power(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Age ≥70 years,hemorrhagic stroke,longer NICU stay,higher NIHSS score,higher NGAL level and higher NLR are independent risk factors of poor prognosis of elderly patients with SCPI,while higher CGRP level is an independent protective factor.The combination detection of NGAL,CGRP and NLR can improve the predictive value of prognostic regression in elderly patients with SCPI.

Objective To explore the correlation between serum homocysteine(Hcy),25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D]and frailty with type 2 diabites mellitus(T2DM)complicated with sarcopenia.Methods From September 2021 to March 2023,210 elderly T2DM patients were selected from the Department of Geriatrics of The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province,and divided into simple T2DM(n=99)group,mild sarcopenia(M-Sar,n=59)group and severe sarcopenia(S-Sar,n=52)group.The"Elderly Comprehensive Assessment System"was used to evaluate subjects.The influencing factors of T2DM complicated with sarcopenia were analyzed by Logistic regression.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive value of Hcy,25(OH)D combined with frailty in evaluating T2DM with sarcopenia.Results In T2DM,M-Sar and S-Sar groups,the age,Hcy,the risk rate of balance gait work falling and the rate of weakness increased in turn(P<0.05),while BMI,hemoglobin,25(OH)D,the rate of good nutrition,the normal rate of basic daily living,the low risk rate of falling,the rate of good balance gait function and the rate of no weakness decreased in turn(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that serum Hcy,frailty and 25(OH)D were the influencing factors of senile T2DM complicated with sarcopenia.Hcy,25(OH)D and frailty combined to predict T2DM with sarcopenia had an area under ROC carve of 0.815,with a sensitivity of 0.811 and a specificity of 0.717.Conclusions Serum Hcy,25(OH)D and frailty are closely related to T2DM combined with sarcopenia.Detection of Hcy and 25(OH)D combined with frailty score is helpful for early diagnosis of sarcopenia in primary hospitals.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the expressions of miR-217 and miR-4286 in gastric cancer tissues and gastric cancer complicated with Helicobacter pylori(HP)infection,as well as their predictive value for prognosis.Methods:A total of 225 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer in the First Af-filiated Hospital of Xingtai Medical College from January 2021 to February 2023 were selected and divided into the HP+group and the HP-group according to whether they were complicated with HP infection.The expressions of miR-217 and miR-4286 in gastric cancer tissues were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,the rela-tionship between the expressions of miR-217 and miR-4286 and HP infection in patients with gastric cancer was evaluated by Spearman correlation analysis.Regular outpatient reexaminations were conducted for a 2-year follow-up.Gastric cancer patients with recurrence or all-cause death during the follow-up period were included in the poor prognosis group,and the rest were included in the good prognosis group.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regres-sion analysis methods were used to screen the influencing factors of gastric cancer prognosis,the ROC curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of miR-217 and miR-4286 expressions for the prognosis of gastric cancer.Re-sults:Compared with the HP-group,the expressions of miR-217 and miR-4286 in the HP+group were up-regulated(P<0.05),and the expressions of miR-217 and miR-4286 were positively correlated with gastric cancer pa-tients with HP infection(r=0.652,0.485,P<0.05).Compared with the good prognosis group,the proportion of TNM stage Ⅲ,lymph node metastasis and HP infection in the poor prognosis group was higher,and the expressions of miR-217 and miR-4286 were up-regulated,with statistical significance(P<0.05).The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that TNM stage Ⅲ(OR=1.425),lymph node metastasis(OR=1.548),HP infection(OR=1.465),high expression of miR-217(OR=1.608),and high expression of miR-4286(OR=1.544)are the influencing fac-tors for poor prognosis of gastric cancer(P<0.05).The ROC curve showed that the AUC of the combined prediction of miR-217 and miR-4286 in gastric cancer tissues for poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer was 0.922,which was higher than that of miR-217(0.817)and miR-4286(0.806)alone(Z=6.527,7.025;both P<0.05).Conclu-sion:The expressions of miR-217 and miR-4286 in gastric cancer tissues are closely related to HP infection in gas-tric cancer patients,and the combination of Mir-217 and Mir-4286 is effective in predicting the poor prognosis after radical gastritis.

Drug addiction is a serious public health problem worldwide,for which there are currently no established therapeutic medications.Since the legalization of cannabis and the approval of cannabidiol(CBD)by the US Food and Drug Administration,its therapeutic potential for the treatment of substance abuse has been widely explored.Numerous studies have shown that CBD can reduce drug reward in animal models of addiction such as self-administration,conditioned positional preference,and intracranial self-stimulation.CBD can also reduce withdrawal symptoms from substances such as amphetamines,opioids,cocaine,marijuana,alcohol,and nicotine.The mechanisms by which CBD modulates drug addiction,however,are complex and understudied.Here we review studies of CBD related to addictive drugs to clarify the regulatory mechanisms of CBD in drug addiction and provide references for related studies on substance abuse.

Objective:To explore the clinical and pathological features and survival outcomes of patients with early-onset intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EOICC).Methods:This is a multicenter, retrospective cohort study. Data of 1 160 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients undergoing radical resection in 14 tertiary Grade A hospitals in China from January 2010 to November 2021 were retrospectively collected. The cohort included 632 males and 528 females, aged( M (IQR)) 61 (14) years (range: 22 to 93 years). ICC aged ≤50 years at the time of diagnosis was defined as EOICC and >50 years as late-onset intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (LOICC). Of these, there were 247 cases in the EOICC group and 913 cases in the LOICC. The clinical and pathological characteristics of both groups were analyzed and compared using the independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test or Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models for patient outcomes were constructed and forest graphed. Results:Compared with the patients in the LOICC group, patients in the EOICC group had lower carcinoembryonic antigen levels (2.5(4.0) μg/L vs. 3.1(5.2)μg/L, U=124 899, P=0.009) and CA19-9 level (63.4(524.7)U/ml vs. 77.9(611.3)U/ml, U=120 320, P=0.013), higher levels of ALT (29(35)U/L vs. 24(26)U/L, U=101 214, P=0.013), a lower score of the Eastern US Cooperative Oncology Group (0 score patients: 54.7% vs. 44.1%, χ2=12.472, P=0.014), higher TNM stage ( χ2=11.807, P=0.038), and proportion of lymph node dissection (62.3% vs. 54.1%, χ2=5.355, P=0.021). Patients in the two groups in sex, first diagnosis symptoms, intrahepatic bile duct stone history, nail protein, albumin, total bilirubin, transaminase, liver function Child-Pugh grade, T stage, stage, N stage, preoperative laparoscopic exploration proportion, tumor diameter, vascular invasion proportion, differentiation, margin, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative complications, postoperative hospital days were no statistical significance (all P>0.05). Patients in the EOICC group had better outcomes than the LOICC group (median survival time: 29.7 months vs. 25.0 months, 3-year overall survival: 45.1% vs. 37.8%, P=0.027). Conclusion:EOICC patients are better than LOICC patients in carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9, ALT, physical strength status and TNM stage, and the long-term prognosis is also better than LOICC patients.

Drug addiction is a serious public health problem worldwide,for which there are currently no established therapeutic medications.Since the legalization of cannabis and the approval of cannabidiol(CBD)by the US Food and Drug Administration,its therapeutic potential for the treatment of substance abuse has been widely explored.Numerous studies have shown that CBD can reduce drug reward in animal models of addiction such as self-administration,conditioned positional preference,and intracranial self-stimulation.CBD can also reduce withdrawal symptoms from substances such as amphetamines,opioids,cocaine,marijuana,alcohol,and nicotine.The mechanisms by which CBD modulates drug addiction,however,are complex and understudied.Here we review studies of CBD related to addictive drugs to clarify the regulatory mechanisms of CBD in drug addiction and provide references for related studies on substance abuse.

Soy is a vital source of plant carbohydrates.However,it poses significant allergenic risks,particularly to young children and animals.Among the various proteins in soy,β-conglycinin,which con-stitutes approximately 30％of total soy carbohydrates,is a primary allergen.Undigested β-conglycinin can lead to intestinal damage by inhibiting cell growth,disrupting the cytoskeleton,and inducing apopto-sis.It can also enter the lymphatic and circulatory systems,triggering allergic reactions.Conventional ELISA methods for detecting β-conglycinin rely on polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies,which are limited by their large molecular weight,difficulty in accessing the protein core,and sensitivity to acidic and bas-ic conditions.To address these limitations,this study aimed to develop nanobodies(Nbs)against β-con-glycinin.Nbs,derived from the variable regions of heavy-chain antibodies found in camelids,have a mo-lecular weight approximately one-tenth that of conventional antibodies.They offer advantages such as small size,stable structure,high specificity,and strong affinity.A female alpacas was immunized five times using β-conglycinin,which showed a heavy chain antibody potency of 1∶16 000 by ELISA.Pe-ripheral blood lymphocytes were subsequently isolated and total RNA was extracted.The variable region of the heavy-chain antibody was amplified via PCR,and recombinant plasmids were constructed and transformed into the E.coli competency strain ER2738.The resulting library contained about 3.5×108 CFU/mL,which increased to 1.15×1012 PFU/mL after phage rescue,with a 100％Nbs gene insertion rate,indicating high diversity.Its Nbs phage output was significantly enriched by four rounds of solid-phase elution with an enrichment rate of 155.9.Four rounds of solid-phase panning yielded 35 positive clones,all of which shared the same amino acid sequence upon sequencing.The selected Nb was ex-pressed in a prokaryotic system,and its binding ability to β-conglycinin was confirmed using Western blotting and ELISA.The results demonstrated excellent specificity and affinity.This research lays the groundwork for developing a rapid and efficient detection method for β-conglycinin using Nbs,potentially enhancing food safety and allergen management.

Objective:To report the nationwide surveillance results of pathogenic profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Gram-positive bloodstream infections in China in 2023.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-posttive bacteria from blood cultures were collected in member hospitals of National Bloodstream Infection Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System（BRICS）during January to December 2023. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the dilution method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. Statistical analyses were conducted using WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 software.Results:A total of 4 385 Gram-positive bacterial isolates were obtained from 60 participating center. The top five pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus（ n=1 544，35.2%），coagulase-negative Staphylococci（ n=1 441，32.9%）， Enterococcus faecium（ n=574，13.1%）， Enterococcus faecalis（ n=385，8.8%），and α-hemolytic Streptococci（ n=187，4.3%）. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus（MRSA）and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci（MRCNS）was 26.2%（405/1 544）and 69.8%（1 006/1 441），respectively. Notably，all Staphylococci remained susceptible to glycopeptide or daptomycin. Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated excellent susceptibility（>97.0%）to cephalobiol，rifampicin，trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole，linezolid，minocycline，tigecycline，and eravacycline. No Enterococcus exhibiting resistance to linezolid were detected. Glycopeptide resistance was uncommon but more frequent in Enterococcus faecium（resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin：both 1.7%）compared to Enterococcus faecalis（both 0.3%）. The detection rates of MRSA and MRCNS exhibited significant regional variations across the country（ χ2=17.674 and 148.650，respectively，both P<0.001）. No vancomycin-resistant Enterococci were detected in central China. Institutional comparison demonstrated higher prevalence of MRSA（ χ2=14.111， P<0.001）and MRCNS（ χ2=4.828， P=0.028）in provincial hospitals than that in municipal hospitals. Socioeconomic analysis identified elevated detection rates of both MRSA（ χ2=18.986， P<0.001）and MRCNS（ χ2=4.477， P=0.034）in less developed regions（per capita GDP