This paper explores the differentiation and treatment strategies for pediatric IgA vasculitis based on the correlation between blood trubidity theory and oxidative stress. It is proposed that pediatric IgA vasculitis follows an evolution of pathogenesis characterized by "deficiency of healthy qi leading to turbidity generation， accumulation of turbid toxin， and toxin damage to the collateral vessels"， which corresponds to the pathological process of oxidative stress， namely decreased antioxidant capacity with accumulation of reactive oxygen species， metabolite deposition， and endothelial cell injury. A staged treatment strategy is proposed. In the acute stage， wind-toxin invading the colla-terals and reckless movement of heat in the blood are the main manifestations， for which the treatment should focus on dispelling wind and venting pathogens， resolving toxins and unblocking the collaterals， with a modified Yinqiao Powder （银翘散） and Xijiao Dihuang Decoction （犀角地黄汤） to regulate oxidative stress burst. In the prolonged stage， intermingling of turbidity and stasis with collateral obstruction is emphasized； treatment should focus on resolving turbidity and dispelling stasis， harmonizing the blood and stabilizing the collaterals， and a modified Simiao Powder （四妙散） and Taohong Siwu Decoction （桃红四物汤） can be used to improve microcirculatory dysfunction. In the remission stage， when healthy qi remains insufficient and residual pathogens persist， treatment should focus on strengthening the root and clearing the source， reinforcing healthy qi and nourishing the collaterals， for which modified Zhibai Dihuang Pill （知柏地黄丸） and Yupingfeng Powder （玉屏风散） is suggested to rebuild the antioxidant defense system.

Following the principles of evidence-based medicine,in accordance with the structure and drafting rules of standardized documents,based on literature research,according to the characteristics of chronic cough in children and issues that need to form a consensus,the TCM Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Cough in Children was formulated based on the Delphi method,expert discussion meetings,and public solicitation of opinions.The guideline includes scope of application,terms and definitions,eti-ology and diagnosis,auxiliary examination,treatment,prevention and care.The aim is to clarify the optimal treatment plan of Chinese medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease,and to provide guidance for improving the clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough in children with Chinese medicine.

Objective:To explore the latent classes of parental feeding behaviors in preschool children, and to examine the relationship between potential types of parental feeding behaviors and parental depression status.Methods:From May to July 2021, parents of preschoolers from eight kindergartens in Shanghai were recruited and investigated.A paper-based questionnaire consisting of the Chinese preschooler’s caregivers’ feeding behavior scale (CPCFBS) and the center for epidemiological studies depression scale (CESD-10) was employed.Finally, a total of 1 006 valid questionnaires were retrieved.Mplus 8.0 and SPSS 26.0 were used for statistical analysis.The latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of parents based on their feeding practices.Multinomial Logistic regression was used to examine the relevant influencing factors.Results:The feeding behaviors of parental of preschool children could be divided into four potential categories: " high responsiveness and high non-responsiveness type" (24.55%), " low responsiveness and high non-responsiveness type" (27.44%), " high responsiveness and low non-responsiveness type" (28.33%) and " low responsiveness and low non-responsiveness type" (19.68%). The parents with depression status were less likely to be categorized as " high responsiveness and low non-responsiveness type" ( OR=0.386, 95% CI: 0.218-0.684). The parents with older children were more likely to be categorized as " low responsiveness and low non-responsiveness type" ( OR=1.318, 95% CI: 1.039-1.672). Conclusion:The feeding practices of parents of preschool children can be categorized into four latent classes.The parents with depression status are more likely to adopt non-responsive feeding practice than responsive feeding practice.Actively paying attention to and improving the depression status of parents may help the feeder to adopt scientific feeding behavior.

Objective To evaluate the effects of the short-term intervention lifestyle intervention on metabolic measurements of community patients with impaired glucose regulation (IGR). Methods A total of 90 IGR participants were randomly assigned to the control group (n=45) or the intervention group (n= 45). The subjects in the control group received routine diet and physical exercise advice once a month. The subjects in the intervention group received additional individualized diet counseling and circuit-type resistance training. Metabolic parameters were compared before or after the intervention between the two groups. Results In oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT),2-h plasma glucose (PG) and homeostasis model of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were significantly decreased in the intervention group at 3 months(F= 13.47 or 82.25 ,both P < 0.05). Body mass index (t=-2.44, P<0.05), systolic blood pressure (t= -3.39, P<0.05), diastolic blood pressure (t=-3.97, P<0.05), fasting plasma glucose (t=-3.89, P<0.05),2-h PG (t=-7.22,P <0.05) ,total cholesterol (t=-2.72,P<0.05),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (t=-2.74, P<0.05), and glycosylated hemoglobin A1 C (t=-3.73, P<0.05) were significantly declined in the intervention group compared to the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusions Intensive lifestyle intervention can significantly improve the metabolic markers of IGR subjects and should be used to prevent type 2 diabetes.

Objective To explore the expression of Bcl-2 and calretinin(CR)in enteric ganglion cells in different developmental conditions and its significance.Methods The immunohistochemical staining was carried out to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and CR in enteric ganglion cells at different intestinal segments from tissue samples of 40 hirschsprung disease(HD) cases(age,26 d to 12 years old),10 Hirschsprung's allied disease(HAD) cases and 10 normal controls.Results In immature ganglion cells,there was a strong expression of Bcl-2,and no positive to or poor expression of CR.In mature ganglion cells,there was a strong expression of CR but no positive Bcl-2 staining.Conclusion The specific expression of Bcl-2 and CR may play an essential role in judging if the ganglion cells are mature.Bcl-2 might be of importance in the maintenance and restore of the fuction of enteric immature ganglion cells.