BACKGROUND:The effect of electroacupuncture on the proliferation and differentiation of hippocampal oligodendrocytes in model mice with Alzheimer's disease remains poorly understood while demyelinating reaction related to oligodendrocytes is a common pathological reaction of Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects and mechanism of electroacupuncture stimulation of"Baihui"(GV 20),"Fengfu"(GV 16)and bilateral"Shenshu"(BL 23)in Alzheimer's disease model mice on the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells to neurons and oligodendrocytes. METHODS:Forty 6-week-old SPF APP/PS1 transgenic male Alzheimer's disease model mice were randomly divided into electroacupuncture group(n=20)and Alzheimer's disease model group(n=20).Healthy male C57BL/6J mice of the same age were used as normal controls(n=20).The mice in the electroacupuncture group received electroacupuncture at"Baihui"(GV 20),"Fengfu"(GV 16)and bilateral"Shenshu"(BL 23)for 16 weeks(20 minutes/day and one day off a week).After electroacupuncture,Morris water maze was used to detect the changes of learning and memory function.Immunohistochemistry was utilized to detect hippocampal dentate gyrus β-amyloid senile plaques.The expression of BrdU/NeuN and BrdU/GALC in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was detected by immunofluorescence double labeling.Western blot assay was used to detect the expression levels of neuron specific protein Nestin and oligodendrocyte specific protein GALC in the hippocampus.mRNA and protein levels of Notch1 and Hes1 in the hippocampus were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the normal control group,the ability of learning and memory in the Alzheimer's disease model group decreased significantly;hippocampal dentate gyrus β-amyloid senile plaques increased significantly(P<0.01);the expression of GALC and Nestin in the hippocampus decreased significantly(P<0.01,P<0.05).(2)Compared with the Alzheimer's disease model group,the learning and memory ability of the electroacupuncture group was significantly increased;β-amyloid senile plaque in the hippocampal dentate gyrus decreased significantly(P<0.01).BrdU/NeuN double labeled positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and Nestin protein expression in the hippocampus increased significantly(P<0.01,P<0.05);GALC expression in hippocampus increased significantly(P<0.01).The mRNA and protein levels of Notch1 in the hippocampus were significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).The mRNA and protein levels of Hes1 in the hippocampus decreased significantly(P<0.05).(3)These findings indicate that electroacupuncture at"Baihui"(GV 20),"Fengfu"(GV 16)and bilateral"Shenshu"(BL 23)of the Alzheimer's disease model infant mice can promote the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells to neurons and oligodendrocytes,which may be regulated through the Notch1/Hes1 pathway.

Objective:To explore the protective effect of 18α glycyrrhetinic acid (18α-GA) on acute ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice, providing theoretical and experimental basis for the clinical application of 18α-GA.Methods:Forty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: DSS model group, positive drug control group, high, medium, and low dose groups of 18α-GA, with 8 mice in each group. The 5 groups of mice were continuously fed with 3% DSS solution for 7 days to establish an acute UC animal model. At the same time, each group was intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg physiological saline, 100 mg/kg sulfasalazine, 40 mg/kg 18α-GA, 20 mg/kg 18α-GA, and 10 mg/kg 18α-GA daily. The weight of mice was measured and recorded daily, and the Disease Activity Index (DAI) of mice was evaluated. On the 8th day, the mice were euthanized and their colon length was measured; After slicing, the colon mucosa was observed and pathological scoring was performed; Western blot was used to detect the expression of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway related proteins in colon tissue; Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the content of interleukin(IL)-1β in colon tissue.Results:Compared with the DSS model group, the weight loss amplitude of the 18α-GA high and medium dose groups was significantly smaller on the 7th day (all P<0.05); Colon length was longer (all P<0.05), the pathological score of colon mucosa was significantly lower (all P<0.05); The expression of GSDMD, cleaved caspase1, and IL-1β in colon tissue was significantly lower (all P<0.05); The 18α-GA high-dose group had lower DAI scores ( P<0.05); The expression of NLRP3 was lower in colon tissue ( P<0.05). Conclusions:18α-GA can improve DSS induced acute ulcerative colitis in mice by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a complication in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The Chinese Children's Cancer Group-ALL-2015 protocol was carried out in China, and epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and risk factors associated with VTE were analyzed. We collected data on VTE in a multi-institutional clinical study of 7640 patients with ALL diagnosed in 20 hospitals from January 2015 to December 2019. First, VTE occurred in 159 (2.08%) patients, including 90 (56.6%) during induction therapy and 108 (67.92%) in the upper extremities. T-ALL had a 1.74-fold increased risk of VTE (95% CI 1.08-2.8, P = 0.022). Septicemia, as an adverse event of ALL treatment, can significantly promote the occurrence of VTE (P < 0.001). Catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) accounted for 75.47% (n = 120); and, symptomatic VTE, 58.49% (n = 93), which was more common in patients aged 12-18 years (P = 0.023), non-CRT patients (P < 0.001), or patients with cerebral thrombosis (P < 0.001). Of the patients with VTE treated with anticoagulation therapy (n = 147), 4.08% (n = 6) had bleeding. The VTE recurrence rate was 5.03% (n = 8). Patients with VTE treated by non-ultrasound-guided venous cannulation (P = 0.02), with residual thrombus (P = 0.006), or with short anticoagulation period (P = 0.026) had high recurrence rates. Thus, preventing repeated venous puncture and appropriately prolonged anticoagulation time can reduce the risk of VTE recurrence.
Humans ; Child ; Venous Thromboembolism/etiology* ; East Asian People ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Thrombosis/chemically induced* ; China/epidemiology* ; Anticoagulants/adverse effects* ; Recurrence

Taenia solium is one of the main human parasites. Both larvae and adults can cause diseases, among which neurocysticercosis caused by Cysticercus is the most serious disease. The immune response induced by Cysticercus infection and its regulatory mechanism have been the key problems in the prevention and treatment of Cysticercus infection. This review reports the progress of T lymphocytes-mediated immune responses and immunoregulation in cysticercosis, which is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the immunopathogenesis and prevention and treatment of cysticercosis.

Objective:To analyze the association between thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) metastases detected by post-radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy scan, when stimulated thyroglobulin (sTg) <1 μg/L.Methods:A total of 314 (68 males, 246 females, age (44.5±12.5) years) post-thyroidectomy DTC patients whose sTg <1 μg/L between March 2013 and May 2017 in Henan Cancer Hospital were enrolled retrospectively. Patients underwent 131I whole-body planar imaging ( 131I-WBS) and SPECT/CT imaging 5 d after 131I administration. Iodine avid metastases were compared between TgAb-positive group and TgAb-negative (TgAb<4 kU/L) group. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess odds ratio ( OR) for iodine avid metastases in each subgroup (Q1: 4 kU/L≤TgAb≤9.27 kU/L; Q2: 9.27 kU/L101.43 kU/L) of TgAb-positive patients, with the TgAb-negative patients as the reference. χ2 test was used to analyze the data. Results:Iodine avid metastases were found in 16.9% (53/314) of DTC patients and were more frequently in TgAb-positive group with TgAb>26.75 kU/L than TgAb-negative group (26.0%(19/73) vs 13.7%(23/168); χ2=5.382, P=0.02). Most metastases (92.5%, 49/53) occurred in cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes. The OR for iodine avid metastases was obviously high in TgAb-positive patients with 26.75 kU/L

Objective:To analyze the trend of medication use in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in recent ten years in at Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University.Methods:From 2010 to 2019, the clinical data of 1 425 patients diagnosed with UC in the Department of Gastroenterology at Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, were retrospectively collected. According to the period of medication, the UC patients were divided into year 2010 to 2014 group and year 2015 to 2019 group. The general information and the medication trend of year 2010 to 2014 group and year 2015 to 2019 group were analyzed. And then according to gender and age (<40 years old and ≥40 years old), patients were divided into subgroups and analyzed. Independent sample t test and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The number of UC patients of year 2010 to 2014 group and year 2015 to 2019 group was 369 and 1 056, respectively. The percentages of patients in remission of the two groups were 9.5% (35/369) and 12.0% (127/1 056), respectively; the percentages of mild patients were 40.4% (149/369) and 41.6% (439/1 056), respectively; the percentages of moderate patients were 37.4% (138/369) and 28.9% (305/1 056), respectively; the percentages of severe patients were 12.7% (47/369) and 17.5% (185/1 056), respectively. There was no significant difference in the proportion of UC patients with different degrees between year 2010 to 2014 group and year 2015 to 2019 group ( P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the age and proportion of female between the year 2010 to 2014 group and year 2015 to 2019 group ((46.2±15.3) years old vs. (44.6±30.6) years old; 45.8%, 169/369 vs. 44.8%, 473/1 056; both P>0.05). The utilization rates of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), glucocorticoid, immunosuppressants, and biological agents of the year 2015 to 2019 group were all higher than those of the year 2010 to 2014 group (96.8%, 1 022/1 056 vs. 90.0%, 332/369; 29.9%, 316/1 056 vs. 14.6%, 54/369; 8.4%, 89/1 056 vs. 2.4%, 9/369; 4.8%, 51/1 056 vs. 0.5%, 2/369, respectively), and the differences were all statistically significant ( χ2=26.766, 33.256, 15.315 and 14.038, all P<0.01). Within each of the year 2010 to 2014 group and the year 2015 to 2019 group, there were no significant differences between the female and male in the age, utilization rates of 5-ASA, glucocorticoid, immunosuppressants and biological agents ((47.2±13.6) years old vs. (45.3±16.5) years old, (43.1±12.9) years old vs. (45.8±39.5) years old, 88.8%, 150/169 vs. 91.0%, 182/200; 96.8%, 458/473 vs. 96.7%, 564/583; 13.6%, 23/169 vs. 15.5%, 31/200; 28.3%, 134/473 vs. 31.2%, 182/583; 2.4%, 4/169 vs. 2.5%, 5/200; 7.0%, 33/473 vs. 9.6%, 56/583; 0 vs. 1.0%, 2/200; 5.3%, 25/473 vs. 4.5%, 26/583; all P>0.05). In the patients aged≥40 years old of the year 2010 to 2014 group, the proportion of females was higher than that of the patients aged <40 years old (50.2%, 121/241 vs. 37.5%, 48/128), and the utilization rate of 5-ASA in patients aged ≥40 years old was lower than that of patients aged <40 years old (85.9%, 207/241 vs. 97.7%, 125/128), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=5.438 and 12.824, P=0.020 and P<0.01). In the year 2010 to 2014 group, there were no statistically significant differences in the utilization rates of glucocorticoid, immunosuppressants and biological agents between patients aged ≥40 years old and patients aged <40 years old (13.7%, 33/241 vs. 16.4%, 21/128; 2.1%, 5/241 vs. 3.1%, 4/128; 0 vs. 1.6%, 2/128; all P>0.05). In the year 2015 to 2019 group, the utilization rate of biological agents in patients aged≥40 years old was lower than that in patients aged<40 years old (3.7%, 23/630 vs. 46.5%, 198/426), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.721, P=0.030). In the year 2015 to 2019 group, there were no statistically significant differences in female proportion, utilization rates of 5-ASA, glucocorticoid, immunosuppressants and biological agents between patients aged≥40 years old and patients aged <40 years old (43.7%, 275/630 vs. 46.5%, 198/426; 96.0%, 605/630 vs. 97.9%, 417/426; 29.7%, 187/630 vs. 30.3%, 129/426; 8.6%, 54/630 vs. 8.2%, 35/426; all P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared with year 2010 to 2014, the number of UC patients remarkably increased in the year 2015 to 2019 in the Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospiatal, Air Force Medical University. The utilization rates of 5-ASA, glucocorticoid, immunosuppressants and biological agents all increased in UC patients. The medication trends of UC patients with different gender were almost the same. The medication trends of UC patients with different age were different.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors,clinical characteristics and prognosis of the pneumocystis pneumonia(PCP) that is one of the severe pulmonary complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT).Methods:The clinical features,laboratory data,treatment and outcomes of patients with PCP after allo-HSCT in our hospital from January,2016 to January,2021 were retrospectively collected and analyzed.Results:Twenty three cases who met the clinical diagnostic criteria of PCP were enrolled. The median time of diagnosed as PCP after transplantation was 221 days. The computed tomography (CT) of chest indicated diffuse ground glass opacity.The median of β-1,3-D glucan consentration was 894.25 ng/L, and 91.3% of the cases were over 60 ng/L.The lymphocyte count in 60.9% cases was lower than 1×10 9/L;CD4 +T lymphocyte count in 65.2% of patients was less than 200/μL. Pneumocytis sequences of mNGS were positive in all 21 cases.15 patients were complicated with mixed infection.All patients were treated with TMP-SMX,18 patients were cured and 5 patients died. Conclusions:Patients with PCP after allo-HSCT progresses rapidly, and which is usually with multiple infections. Serum β-1,3-D glucan concentration increase contributes to the diagnosis of PCP.And mNGS in alveolar lavage fluid is highly sensitive to Pneumocystis, which helps patients get treatment in time, so as to reduce mortality.Patients with respiratory failure progressing to a need for mechanical ventilation and high flow oxygen inhalation suggest a poor prognosis.

Objective: To explore the recovery time and risk factors of coagulopathy caused by rodenticide poisoning through analyzing and following up the confirmed cases, and to provide more useful guidance information for the clinic practice. Methods: A total of 96 cases with coagulation dysfunction caused by anticoagulant rodenticide poiso-ning in Children′s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University from January 2014 to December 2016, were analyzed retrospectively.The recovery time of coagulation function and the relationship between recovery time and drug involved way, dysfunction organs and poison concentration were studied respectively. Results: (1) A total of 96 patients were hospitalized because of severe coagulopathy caused by the poisoning of second generation anticoagulant rodenticide.Brodifacoum was detected from 33 blood samples and the median concentration was 364 μg/L (55-4 654 μg/L). Bromadiolone was detected from 7 blood samples and the median concentration was 130 μg/L (18-652 μg/L). Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone were both detected from 8 cases and the median concentration was 741 μg/L (63-6 000 μg/L) and 11 μg/L (3-3 694 μg/L), respectively.(2) A total of 57 cases of the patients were successfully followed up.A total of 18 cases were confirmed with oral poisoning, 16 cases with dermal poisoning, while 23 cases denied any involved ways of poisoning, and 7 cases had organs dysfunction.The follow-up time was 12-54 months.All the hospitalized patients were given specific antidote Vitamin K treatment and recovered successfully without any sequelae.(3) The median recovery time of coagulopathy caused by rodenticide poisoning was 2.5 months.(4) The recovery time of coagulation function was positively correlated with the plasma concentration of Brodifacoum(r=0.619, P<0.01). (5) There was no significant correlation between recovery time and organ dysfunction or drug involved ways of poisoning involvement (all P>0.05). Conclusions The recovery time of coagulation dysfunction caused by anticoagulant rodenticide in children is much longer.The higher the concentration of Brodifacoum poison is, the longer the recovery time.Enough supplementation course of Vitamin K should be given according to the follow-up of coagulation function.

Objective: To understand the characteristics of HIV/AIDS epidemic in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi) with a purpose to accurately provide scientific basis for prevention and control measures, 2010-2017. Methods: Data were retrieved from case reporting cards of Guangxi during 2010 to 2017 through National HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System. Data was analyzed using epidemiological methods such number of cases, proportion and rate. χ² test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The HIV positive rate was 12.53 per ten thousand (85 182/67 959 000) in Guangxi during 2010 to 2017. The number of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases and the number of death yearly respectively increased by 22.34%(2 602/11 648) and 32.83% (952/2 900) in 2011 compared with 2010, and both showed a six-year continuous downward trend (the number of newly diagnosed cases respectively 12 229 cases, 10 877 cases, 9 460 cases, 9 190 cases, 8 848 cases, 8 680 cases, and the number of death respectively 3 888 cases, 3 316 cases, 2 914 cases, 2 717 cases, 2 595 cases, 2 600 cases) from 2012 to 2017. But proportion of late discovery remained above 50.00% (50.53%-57.06%) for eight-years continuously. The ratio of male and female was 2.47 ∶ 1 (60 639/24 543). The ratio of males and females aged 50 and over was 2.71∶1 (28 654/10 557). Proportion of the cases in 25-49 years old group and 50 years old group accounting for 47.40%(40 377/85 182) and 46.03% (39 211/85 182) respectively. The occupation was farmers accounting for 68.40% (58 262/85 182), housekeeping, housework and unemployment accounting for 11.21% (9 546/85 182), student accounting for 0.86% (729/85 182). Heterosexual transmission accounted for 90.60% (77 171/85 182, homosexual transmission accounted for 3.13% (2 669/85 182), injection drug use transmission accounted for 4.60%(3 924/85 182) and mother-to-child transmission accounted for 0.73% (619/85 182). Conclusions The number of newly diagnosed cases and the number of death yearly showed a continuous downtrend for six-years from 2012 to 2017. However, proportion of late discovery remained above 50.00% for eight-years. The major route of infection was heterosexual transmission. With the change of HIV/AIDS newly epidemic mode in Guangxi, there are many new challenges for HIV/AIDS prevention and control work. Strategy of targeted intervention modes should be innovated for a new breakthrough.

Objective:To invest the risk factors associated with delayed hemorrhage after pancreaticoduodenectomy occurred.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed from January 2012 to June 2015 Shengjing hospital 511 cases of patients who accepted pancreaticoduodenectomy.Results:The incidence of PD postoperative delayed hemorrhage was 8.81％ (45/511).Univariate analysis shows:Preoperative bilirubin levels,pancreatic fistula,biliary fistula,postoperative abdominal infection are all the meaningful related factors(P＜0.05).With the application of multivariate logistic regression analysis,pancreatic fistula (OR=2.158) and abdominal infection (OR=3.051) were independent risk factors for postoperative delayed hemorrhages (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Dealing with the postoperative complications of PD like pancreatic fistula,abdominal infection and others,early detection and rapid diagnosis and correct treatment can effectively reduce the incidence of delayed hemorrhage.