Background As common public facilities essential to daily life, hair and beauty salons frequently contain various airborne toxic and hazardous pollutants potentially leading to adverse health effects for salon practitioners. Objective To characterize the indoor air pollution profiles of common contaminants in hair and beauty salons in Shanghai and to evaluate the associated health risks for practitioners, in order to provide a scientific basis for strengthening the public health management in Shanghai and protecting the health of practitioners. Methods The air quality monitoring data of hair and beauty salons in Shanghai from 2016 to 2024 were obtained from the “Health Hazard Factors Monitoring Program for Public Places” of the National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Monitoring indicators included particulate matter ≤10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM₁₀), particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM_2.5), formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene, toluene, and xylene. Indicator compliance rates were calculated across various years in accordance with GB 9666-1996 Hygienic standard for barber shop and beauty shop and GB 37488-2019 Hygiene indicators and limit for public places; specifically, PM_2.5 was assessed against the limits stipulated in GB/T 18883-2022 Standards for indoor air quality. A questionnaire survey was conducted among salon practitioners to collect weekly working days and daily working hours. The non-carcinogenic risks associated with inhalation exposure to formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene, toluene, and xylene as well as the carcinogenic risks posed by formaldehyde and benzene were evaluated following WS/T 777-2021 Technical guide for environmental health risk assessment of chemical exposure and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency inhalation risk model. Results The overall compliance rates of PM₁₀, formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene, and toluene in the air of hair and beauty salons in Shanghai from 2016 to 2024 were 92.13%, 96.59%, 96.15%, 94.93%, and 94.97%, respectively; the overall compliance rate of xylene was a little lower (85.92%), and the overall compliance rate of PM_2.5 was 57.18%. The P₅₀ concentrations of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene, toluene, and xylene did not exceed the corresponding limits. The P₅₀ of non-carcinogenic risk indicator (hazard quotient, HQ) for formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene, toluene, and xylene were <1. The probabilities of non-carcinogenic risk HQ >1 for formaldehyde and xylene were 41.4% and 10.9%, respectively, which were higher than that of other pollutants. The P₅₀ of carcinogenic risk (CR) for formaldehyde and benzene were between 1.0×10⁻⁶ and 1.0×10⁻⁴, while the probabilities of CR >1.0×10⁻⁴ were 16.9% and 14.0%, respectively. Conclusion The overall compliance rate of common pollutant concentrations in the air of hair and beauty salons in Shanghai is high, and the hygienic condition meets the requirements of national standards. The non-carcinogenic health risks posed by formaldehyde and xylene to employees (with formaldehyde being more prominent), as well as the carcinogenic risks associated with formaldehyde and benzene, deserve heightened attention in future health supervision.

Objective:To explore the differences in the ability of different parts of the human skin to recognize vibration frequencies in order to provide data for physiological optimization of vibration parameters in pilots′ tactile vests.Methods:Ten healthy volunteers were selected and grouped by age as 20-40 years (6 cases) and 41-50 years (4 cases). All the subjects participated in 3 trials: ① identification test of frequency steps using cutaneous tactile perception: the back of the left hand was chosen as the test area, a dual-oscillator synchronous vibration system was adopted, and the frequency step was gradually increased (initially 0.1 Hz) to determine the threshold of frequency identification; ② maximum frequency threshold test of cutaneous tactile perception: the maximum frequency recognition thresholds in 7 parts of the trunk (the left waist, right waist, chest, back, left shoulder, right shoulder, neck) and the back of the hand were tested; ③ frequency discrimination test of cutaneous tactile perception: 5 equally spaced frequencies (covering the frequency recognition thresholds) were set to evaluate the accuracy of tactile frequency memory on the back of the hand after 3, 15 min and 24 h. The relationships between the adjacent step sizes of cutaneous tactile perception and the average value of the sum of adjacent frequencies were analyzed using simple linear regression. The highest identification thresholds of frequencies in different parts of the subjects as well as the accuracy of frequency discrimination during different periods were compared across the age groups.Results:The maximum thresholds of frequency identification of cutaneous tactile perception among the 10 subjects ranged from 16.20 to 33.55 Hz, while the range of adjacent step sizes was between 3.60 and 7.10 Hz. The adjacent step sizes were positively correlated with the average value of the sum of adjacent frequencies ( r=0.882, F=529.18, P<0.001). In the test on the maximum threshold of frequency identification of cutaneous tactile perception, there was a statistically significant difference in the main effect of an age group between the 2 groups ( F=15.87, P<0.001), but not in the main effect of the site ( P>0.05), or in the interactions between the group and age ( P>0.05). The accuracies of skin vibration frequency memory on the dorsal hand of the subjects at 3, 15 min and 24 h were 88%, 72% and 68% respectively. In the frequency discrimination test, there were no statistically significant differences in the main effect of the group, main effect of time or in their interactions between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:The ability of the human skin to identify vibration frequency is impacted by age, but there is no difference in sensitivity between the trunk and the back of the hand. It is recommended that the tactile vest for pilots be designed for general purposes to make it easy to adapt to vibration frequencies of multiple parts.

Objective Accurate speed perception is crucial for tasks such as man-controlled rendezvous and docking,and teleoperation of space manipulator.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct in-orbit experiments to explore the influence of long-term spaceflight on human speed perception characteristics.Methods The Time-to-Collision(TTC)paradigm was selected to develop experimental software,using a tablet computer for stimulus presentation.Human speed perception characteristics were evaluated based on the subjects'keystroke response data on the keyboard.Through ground-based experiments,the usability and reliability of the paradigm were explored,and the gravity internal model effect was quantitatively analyzed.Through in-orbit experiments on space station tasks,the influence of long-term spaceflight on human speed perception characteristics was further investigated.Results Under the 1G environment on the ground,the TTC paradigm has a high test-retest reliability(r>0.8),and indicators such as average deviation rate and absolute value of average deviation rate show no practice effect.In addition,ground experiments found that compared to vertical upward movement,vertical downward movement is estimated to be faster(i.e.,keystroke time is advanced),showing the existence of the gravity internal model effect.In the microgravity environment of spaceflight,there are no significant differences in average deviation rate and absolute value of average deviation rate among three stages(pre-flight,in-flight,post-flight)and seven tests,indicating that no obvious changes in astronauts'speed perception ability were found at the existing test time points and paradigms.However,the gravity internal model effect(difference between vertical downward and vertical upward)showed a trend of fading in the early stage of astronauts entering orbit.Conclusion Based on the computer screen TTC estimation paradigm,no significant changes in human speed perception ability were found during long-term spaceflight,but microgravity may weaken the human brain's gravity internal model.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator(MBTI)personality traits,empathy ability,and emotion regulation among medical students,and to advocate for medical students to conduct in-depth self-analysis using MBTI,and to enhance their empathy ability in a targeted manner,thereby more effectively building harmonious doctor-patient relationships.Methods:A total of 664 medical students were investigated using the MBTI,the Chinese version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(ERQ),and the Chinese version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index(IRI).The mediation analysis in SPSSAU employed the product coefficient test method,utilizing Bootstrap sampling for data analysis.Results:The MBTI personality traits of medical students were generally inclined to Introversion-Sensing-Thinking-Judging(ISTJ).Medical students tended to use cognitive reappraisal,and the level of empathy needed to be strengthened.Males exhibited higher expressive inhibition than females,while females experienced greater personal distress than males.Expressive inhibition was also higher in only children compared to non-only children,and only children showed lower emotional empathy than non-only children.Cognitive reappraisal played a partial mediating role in the relationship between introverted/extraverted personality traits and personal distress among medical students(mediating effect=-0.017,accounting for 14.217%of the total effect),and a complete mediating effect between introverted/extraverted personality traits and emotional empathy(mediating effect=0.024,accounting for 100%of the total effect).Cognitive reappraisal partially mediated the relationship between life attitude orientation and emotional empathy(mediating effect=0.017,accounting for 15.727%of the total effect),and served as a partial mediator in the relationship between life attitude orientation and cognitive empathy(mediating effect=0.171,accounting for 25.827%of the total effect).Conclusion:Cognitive reappraisal has a mediating effect on the relationship between medical students'MBTI personality traits and empathy,guiding medical students to improve empathy abilities using cognitive reappraisal.Medical students can further understand their strengths and weaknesses by identifying their MBTI types,and improve their empathy ability in a targeted manner,to better adapt to future medical work.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator(MBTI)personality traits,empathy ability,and emotion regulation among medical students,and to advocate for medical students to conduct in-depth self-analysis using MBTI,and to enhance their empathy ability in a targeted manner,thereby more effectively building harmonious doctor-patient relationships.Methods:A total of 664 medical students were investigated using the MBTI,the Chinese version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(ERQ),and the Chinese version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index(IRI).The mediation analysis in SPSSAU employed the product coefficient test method,utilizing Bootstrap sampling for data analysis.Results:The MBTI personality traits of medical students were generally inclined to Introversion-Sensing-Thinking-Judging(ISTJ).Medical students tended to use cognitive reappraisal,and the level of empathy needed to be strengthened.Males exhibited higher expressive inhibition than females,while females experienced greater personal distress than males.Expressive inhibition was also higher in only children compared to non-only children,and only children showed lower emotional empathy than non-only children.Cognitive reappraisal played a partial mediating role in the relationship between introverted/extraverted personality traits and personal distress among medical students(mediating effect=-0.017,accounting for 14.217%of the total effect),and a complete mediating effect between introverted/extraverted personality traits and emotional empathy(mediating effect=0.024,accounting for 100%of the total effect).Cognitive reappraisal partially mediated the relationship between life attitude orientation and emotional empathy(mediating effect=0.017,accounting for 15.727%of the total effect),and served as a partial mediator in the relationship between life attitude orientation and cognitive empathy(mediating effect=0.171,accounting for 25.827%of the total effect).Conclusion:Cognitive reappraisal has a mediating effect on the relationship between medical students'MBTI personality traits and empathy,guiding medical students to improve empathy abilities using cognitive reappraisal.Medical students can further understand their strengths and weaknesses by identifying their MBTI types,and improve their empathy ability in a targeted manner,to better adapt to future medical work.

Objective:To explore the differences in the ability of different parts of the human skin to recognize vibration frequencies in order to provide data for physiological optimization of vibration parameters in pilots′ tactile vests.Methods:Ten healthy volunteers were selected and grouped by age as 20-40 years (6 cases) and 41-50 years (4 cases). All the subjects participated in 3 trials: ① identification test of frequency steps using cutaneous tactile perception: the back of the left hand was chosen as the test area, a dual-oscillator synchronous vibration system was adopted, and the frequency step was gradually increased (initially 0.1 Hz) to determine the threshold of frequency identification; ② maximum frequency threshold test of cutaneous tactile perception: the maximum frequency recognition thresholds in 7 parts of the trunk (the left waist, right waist, chest, back, left shoulder, right shoulder, neck) and the back of the hand were tested; ③ frequency discrimination test of cutaneous tactile perception: 5 equally spaced frequencies (covering the frequency recognition thresholds) were set to evaluate the accuracy of tactile frequency memory on the back of the hand after 3, 15 min and 24 h. The relationships between the adjacent step sizes of cutaneous tactile perception and the average value of the sum of adjacent frequencies were analyzed using simple linear regression. The highest identification thresholds of frequencies in different parts of the subjects as well as the accuracy of frequency discrimination during different periods were compared across the age groups.Results:The maximum thresholds of frequency identification of cutaneous tactile perception among the 10 subjects ranged from 16.20 to 33.55 Hz, while the range of adjacent step sizes was between 3.60 and 7.10 Hz. The adjacent step sizes were positively correlated with the average value of the sum of adjacent frequencies ( r=0.882, F=529.18, P<0.001). In the test on the maximum threshold of frequency identification of cutaneous tactile perception, there was a statistically significant difference in the main effect of an age group between the 2 groups ( F=15.87, P<0.001), but not in the main effect of the site ( P>0.05), or in the interactions between the group and age ( P>0.05). The accuracies of skin vibration frequency memory on the dorsal hand of the subjects at 3, 15 min and 24 h were 88%, 72% and 68% respectively. In the frequency discrimination test, there were no statistically significant differences in the main effect of the group, main effect of time or in their interactions between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:The ability of the human skin to identify vibration frequency is impacted by age, but there is no difference in sensitivity between the trunk and the back of the hand. It is recommended that the tactile vest for pilots be designed for general purposes to make it easy to adapt to vibration frequencies of multiple parts.

Objective:To investigate the pollution levels and influencing factors of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in household dust in five cities in northern China.Methods:Based on the "Chinese Indoor Environment and Health Surveillance" project carried out by the National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2018-2019, during the warm season (April 2018 to September 2018) and the cold season (November 2018 to March 2019), Lanzhou in Northwest China, Shijiazhuang in North China, Panjin in Northeast China, Luoyang in Central China, and Qingdao in East China were selected as the research sites. A total of 87 families were recruited to study residences in real-life scenarios. At the same time, dust samples were collected to detect the concentration of PBDEs. The level of household environmental indicators was measured, and the residential building characteristics and family behavior habits were collected through questionnaires. A total of 142 valid dust samples and 140 valid questionnaires were obtained. The differences in PBDE concentrations across seasons, wind zones, residential building characteristics, and family habits were analyzed. The exploratory factor analysis was performed to investigate the possible sources of PBDEs, and multivariate linear regression was used to explore the factors influencing PBDEs in household dust.Results:The M ( Q1,Q3) of total PBDE concentrations in 142 household dust samples in five cities was 144.51 (106.61, 222.65) ng/g in the warm season and 145.10 (98.57, 180.65) ng/g in the cold season, respectively. There were seasonal differences in the concentration of ∑ 12PBDEs in Luoyang and Shijiazhuang ( P<0.01). The concentration of BDE-71 was highest among PBDE homologues, followed by BDE-66 and BDE-47. Three factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis in the warm season, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 67.90%. The multivariate linear regression showed that the house completion less than ten years [ β (95% CI): 0.186 (0.013, 0.359)], infrequent home cooking [ β (95% CI):-0.342 (-0.570, -0.114)], and increased residential PM 10 concentration [ β (95% CI): 0.001 (0.000, 0.002)] during the warm season, as well as the house far from driveway [ β (95% CI): 0.093 (0.013, 0.172)], house area less than 90 m 2 [ β (95% CI):-0.138 (-0.264, -0.013)], and lower residential xylene concentration [ β (95% CI):-0.006 (-0.011, -0.001)] during the cold season might be related to the elevated concentrations of ∑ 12PBDEs in household dust. Conclusion:The pollution of PBDEs in household dust in five northern cities is at a medium to high level. Years of house completion, frequency of cooking at home, residential PM 10 concentration, distance from house to driveway, house area, and residential xylene concentration may influence household PBDE concentrations.

In cardiac ablation procedures,the accuracy of catheter positioning determines the authenticity of the cardiac model and the accuracy of the ablation target.This article reviews the literature on catheter positioning in electrophysiology and summarizes the key technologies for catheter positioning,such as magnetic-electric fusion and interference suppression.Addressing the limitations of electric and magnetic positioning individually,the paper elaborates on the rationale for catheter positioning technology based on magnetic-electric fusion.It also outlines the framework of a complex catheter positioning system.Specifically,the magnetoelectric conversion matrix is established first,followed by the optimization of the catheter shape.The interference factors such as magnetic field interference,body movement,respiration,and heartbeat in catheter positioning and their suppression methods are analyzed and discussed in detail.Finally,the development trend of three-dimensional electrophysiology catheter positioning technology is prospected,offering feasible insights for the research on catheter positioning technology based on magnetic-electric fusion.

Objective:To investigate the pollution levels and influencing factors of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in household dust in five cities in northern China.Methods:Based on the "Chinese Indoor Environment and Health Surveillance" project carried out by the National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2018-2019, during the warm season (April 2018 to September 2018) and the cold season (November 2018 to March 2019), Lanzhou in Northwest China, Shijiazhuang in North China, Panjin in Northeast China, Luoyang in Central China, and Qingdao in East China were selected as the research sites. A total of 87 families were recruited to study residences in real-life scenarios. At the same time, dust samples were collected to detect the concentration of PBDEs. The level of household environmental indicators was measured, and the residential building characteristics and family behavior habits were collected through questionnaires. A total of 142 valid dust samples and 140 valid questionnaires were obtained. The differences in PBDE concentrations across seasons, wind zones, residential building characteristics, and family habits were analyzed. The exploratory factor analysis was performed to investigate the possible sources of PBDEs, and multivariate linear regression was used to explore the factors influencing PBDEs in household dust.Results:The M ( Q1,Q3) of total PBDE concentrations in 142 household dust samples in five cities was 144.51 (106.61, 222.65) ng/g in the warm season and 145.10 (98.57, 180.65) ng/g in the cold season, respectively. There were seasonal differences in the concentration of ∑ 12PBDEs in Luoyang and Shijiazhuang ( P<0.01). The concentration of BDE-71 was highest among PBDE homologues, followed by BDE-66 and BDE-47. Three factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis in the warm season, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 67.90%. The multivariate linear regression showed that the house completion less than ten years [ β (95% CI): 0.186 (0.013, 0.359)], infrequent home cooking [ β (95% CI):-0.342 (-0.570, -0.114)], and increased residential PM 10 concentration [ β (95% CI): 0.001 (0.000, 0.002)] during the warm season, as well as the house far from driveway [ β (95% CI): 0.093 (0.013, 0.172)], house area less than 90 m 2 [ β (95% CI):-0.138 (-0.264, -0.013)], and lower residential xylene concentration [ β (95% CI):-0.006 (-0.011, -0.001)] during the cold season might be related to the elevated concentrations of ∑ 12PBDEs in household dust. Conclusion:The pollution of PBDEs in household dust in five northern cities is at a medium to high level. Years of house completion, frequency of cooking at home, residential PM 10 concentration, distance from house to driveway, house area, and residential xylene concentration may influence household PBDE concentrations.

Objective:To compare the value of difference between thromboelastogram (TEG), coagulation function and mean platelet volume (MPV)/platelet count (PLT) ratio in sepsis patients with short-term prognosis.Methods:A total of 271 patients with sepsis admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2020 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical data of the patients were recorded, and the SOFA score and APACHE Ⅱ score were calculated. The patients were followed up within 28 days and were divided into the survival group and death group. The TEG, coagulation function and MPV/PLT ratio were compared between the two groups. The independent prognostic factors of Angle, CI, AT-Ⅲ, D-Di and MPV/PLT ratio were confirmed by Logistic regression analysis. The combination of Angle + CI + AT-Ⅲ + D-Di +MPV/PLT ratio was established, and the ROC curve was drawn to evaluate the prognostic value of Angle, CI, AT-Ⅲ and D-Di combined with MPV/PLT ratio in patients with sepsis.Results:The mortality rate of patients with sepsis was 42.4%. The D-Di and MPV/PLT ratio of the death group were significantly higher than those of the survival group, and the differences were statistically significant. Angle, CI and AT-III in the death group were significantly lower than those in the survival group, and the differences were statistically significant. Logistic regression analysis showed that Angle, CI, AT-Ⅲ, D-Di and MPV/PLT ratio were independent predictors of the prognosis of patients with sepsis (all P < 0.05) . The area under the curve of the combined detection of Angle, CI, AT-Ⅲ, D-DI and MPV/PLT ratio to evaluate the prognosis of sepsis at 28 days was 0.931, which was larger than that of Angle, CI, AT-Ⅲ, D-Di and MPV/PLT ratio alone (0.755, 0.790, 0.776, 0.729 and 0.746). The sensitivity and specificity of the combination of Angle, CI, AT-Ⅲ, D-Di and MPV/PLT ratio were 83.5% and 91.0%, which were also higher than those of the single index . Conclusions:Angle, CI, AT-Ⅲ, D-Di and MPV/PLT ratio are independent prognostic predictors of patients with sepsis. The combination of Angle, CI, AT-Ⅲ, D-Di and MPV/PLT ratio has high sensitivity and specificity in evaluating the prognosis of sepsis.