Objective To investigate the general characteristics and treatment processes of patients with advanced esophageal cancer (EC) treated in county- or prefecture-level hospitals in high-incidence areas of EC in China. Methods In this retrospective observational study, electronic medical records of patients with advanced EC were collected from six medical centers in high-incidence areas. Eligible patients had advanced EC and whose first medical contact was documented between January 1, 2022, and June 1, 2024. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate patient characteristics and treatment plans. Results A total of 322 EC patients were included, of whom 230 were male (71.4%). The median age was 69 years. Among the 270 patients with available tumor diagnosis information, 264 patients (97.8%) presented with EC-specific symptoms. Of the 281 patients with pathological data, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant type, accounting for 254 cases (90.4%). Among 235 patients with information on the initial diagnostic method, 220 (93.6%) were diagnosed through endoscopy. A total of 216 patients (67.1%) with advanced disease progressed from early or locally advanced stages. Surgical treatment was performed in 126 patients (39.1%), of whom 123 (97.6%) achieved R0 resection, and 71 (56.3%) of them received perioperative treatment. Definitive chemoradiotherapy was administered to 116 patients (36.0%). The median disease-free survival for patients undergoing radical surgery was 13.9 months, while that for patients treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy was 10.6 months. At the advanced stage, lymph node metastasis was observed in 250 patients (77.6%), with mediastinal lymph node metastasis being the most common type. Organ metastasis occurred in 176 patients (54.7%), most frequently involving the lungs, liver, and bones. Most patients (79.8%, 229/287) were from the county or city where the hospoital was loacted, 77.9% (232/298) were covered by resident basic medical insurance, and 88.7% (274/309) of patients initiated advanced treatment at the participating hospitals. Conclusion This study reveals the unique epidemiological, clinical, and pathological characteristics of patients with EC in high-incidence areas of China. The results provide an important reference for further exploration of this disease and its management.

Objective: To explore the relationship between visual acuity and physical fitness of university freshmen, so as to provide reference for myopia prevention and control for freshmen. Methods: From October to November 2022, 2 160 college freshman without majoring in public safety administration, selected from Guangxi Police College in 2022 by using the stratified cluster random sampling method, were reviewed for the results of visual acuity test and physical fitness scores. The physical fitness indices were evaluated by using the Z scores of physical fitness test scores, and the strength of association between the level of physical fitness index and myopia was analyzed by using Logistic regression model. Results: Among 2 160 college freshman without majoring in public safety administration, 917 (42.5%) students were diagnosed screening myopia, including 66 (3.1%) cases of high myopia, 383 (17.7%) cases of moderate myopia and 468 (21.7%) cases of mild myopia. The differences in the distribution of visual acuity tests among students with different physical fitness indices, body mass index, and gender were statistically significant ( Z/H=54.50, 49.53, 15.51, P <0.01). Low level and low middle level physical fitness indices were associated with screening myopia among freshmen[ OR (95% CI )=2.81(1.93-4.08),1.87(1.38-2.54)], and low level physical fitness indexes were associated with high myopia [ OR (95% CI )=7.22(2.33-22.32)] ( P <0.01). Conclusions Screening myopia among college freshman without majoring in public safety administration is related to physical fitness, and low level and low middle level physical fitness index are risk factors for myopia. Improving the level of physical fitness might be effective in preventing myopia.

Minimally invasive enucleation of pancreatic tumors has become a focal topic in the field of pancreatic surgery. This technique, which allows for complete tumor removal while preserving maximal pancreatic function, has seen widespread application in clinical practice in recent years. Preoperative evaluation is essential, requiring a thorough assessment of the necessity, feasibility, and appropriateness of surgery, and a careful choice between follow-up observation, parenchyma-sparing resection, or radical resection. If the lesion carries a potential risk of malignancy, radical resection, such as pancreaticoduodenectomy, should be performed. During minimally invasive local resection, selecting an appropriate surgical approach, accurately localizing the tumor, protecting the main pancreatic duct (MPD), and effectively repairing and reconstructing the MPD in case of injury are key to ensuring both surgical safety and efficacy. In addition, pancreatic wound management and the long-term prognosis of patients who undergo MPD repair and reconstruction are also areas of significant concern.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of early endovascular treatment(EVT)for the stroke patients caused by large vessel occlusion(LVO)due to intracranial atherosclerosis(ICAS)or due to cardioembolism(CE).Methods The clinical data of 488 patients with acute anterior circulation LVO stroke,who received early endovascular treatment at the Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College of China from October 2015 to December 2023,were retrospectively analyzed.According to the cause of disease,the patients were divided into ICAS group(n=108)and CE group(n=380).The clinical data,mainly including the proportion of patients having a good prognosis at 90 days after operation(modified Rankin Scale score ≤2 points),the incidence of symptomatic intracranial cerebral hemorrhage(sICH),and the mortality of patients at 90 days after operation.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing patient's prognosis.Results Of the 488 patients,29(5.9％)developed postoperative sICH,242(49.6％)achieved a good prognosis at 90 days after the operation,and 91(18.6％)died.The above outcomes in the ICAS group were one,66,and 11 patients respectively,which in the CE group were 28,176,and 80 respectively,and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that good prognosis at 90 days after the operation(OR=0.962,95％CI:0.404-2.288,P=0.930)and the postoperative 90-day mortality(OR=1.379,95％CI:0.436-4.362,P=0.584)were not the factors influencing prognosis,while the postoperative sICH(OR=19.132,95％CI:1.332-274.791,P=0.030)was the factor influencing prognosis.Conclusion In CE group,the incidence of sICH and the postoperative 90-day mortality are higher,while in ICAS group,the postoperative 90-day good prognosis rate is higher.The postoperative sICH is the factor influencing prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is a lethal malignancy prone to gemcitabine resistance. The single-strand selective monofunctional uracil DNA glycosylase (SMUG1), which is responsible for initiating base excision repair, has been reported to predict the outcomes of different cancer types. However, the function of SMUG1 in pancreatic cancer is still unclear. METHODS: Gene and protein expression of SMUG1 as well as survival outcomes were assessed by bioinformatic analysis and verified in a cohort from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. Subsequently, the effect of SMUG1 on proliferation, cell cycle, and migration abilities of SMUG1 cells were detected in vitro . DNA damage repair, apoptosis, and gemcitabine resistance were also tested. RNA sequencing was performed to determine the differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways, followed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting verification. The cancer-promoting effect of forkhead box Q1 (FOXQ1) and SMUG1 on the ubiquitylation of myelocytomatosis oncogene (c-Myc) was also evaluated. Finally, a xenograft model was established to verify the results. RESULTS: SMUG1 was highly expressed in pancreatic tumor tissues and cells, which also predicted a poor prognosis. Downregulation of SMUG1 inhibited the proliferation, G1 to S transition, migration, and DNA damage repair ability against gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells. SMUG1 exerted its function by binding with FOXQ1 to activate the Protein Kinase B (AKT)/p21 and p27 pathway. Moreover, SMUG1 also stabilized the c-Myc protein via AKT signaling in pancreatic cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS SMUG1 promotes proliferation, migration, gemcitabine resistance, and c-Myc protein stability in pancreatic cancer via protein kinase B signaling through binding with FOXQ1. Furthermore, SMUG1 may be a new potential prognostic and gemcitabine resistance predictor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Humans ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology* ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Signal Transduction/genetics* ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Cell Proliferation/physiology* ; Mice ; Uracil-DNA Glycosidase/genetics* ; Female ; Male ; Gemcitabine ; Mice, Nude ; Apoptosis/physiology* ; Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives* ; Cell Movement/genetics*

Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor,and its incidence rate has been slowly increasing since 2000.Although the improvement of diagnosis and treatment has led to an increase in the five-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer compared to 50 years ago,it remains one of the discouraging tumor diseases regarding its prognosis.In 2024,many achievements were made in the research of early screening,disease mechanism,clinical diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer,showing a good prospect for clinical application.In early screening,artificial intelligence(AI)technology has empowered early diagnosis and screening of pancreatic cancer,pushing clinical diagnosis and treatment to a new level.Additionally,improvements in the accuracy of technologies such as liquid biopsy have provided new directions for early screening of pancreatic cancer.In terms of research on disease pathogenesis,3D genome mapping technology has revealed the polyclonal origin and genetic heterogeneity of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm(PanIN).In basic research,a branched organ simulation system that mimics the unique structural characteristics of pancreatic cancer provides a new model for in vitro studies of pancreatic cancer.Lactate,an important tumor metabolite,links the metabolic microenvironment of pancreatic cancer with epigenetic changes,revealing potential therapeutic targets.Defects in the histone H3K36 trimethyltransferase SETD2 contribute to endogenous epigenetic dysregulation in pancreatic cancer and promote mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS)and tumor progression.The platelet-derived growth factor receptor(PDGFR)axis,which facilitates communication between stromal cells and cancer cells,forms a bidirectional secretory circuit and may become a new therapeutic target.Chimeric antigen receptor macrophage(CAR-M)therapy targeting the tyrosine kinase receptor c-MET demonstrates potential for synergistic enhancement with chemotherapy drugs.Macrophages in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment promote the development of pancreatic cancer cachexia through the CCL5/TRAF6/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)pathway,suggesting that macrophages could be an effective target for predicting and intervening in the development of pancreatic cancer cachexia.In terms of advancements in diagnosis and treatment,surgery following neoadjuvant chemotherapy can improve overall survival(OS)in resectable and borderline resectable patients,but further optimization of neoadjuvant chemotherapy protocols is needed.The first clinically effective KRASG12D-targeted drug has been reported,and research on inhibitors of a wide range of KRAS mutants is continually emerging.Patient stratification based on glycolysis-related scores(GRS)can further guide the selection of treatment protocols."Intelligent exosomes"(ExoSmart)enhance cellular uptake capacity to assist in improving chemotherapy efficacy.The implementation of clinical trials combining immunotherapy with chemotherapy is expected to synergistically improve the efficacy of pancreatic cancer treatment.Pembrolizumab and anlotinib combined with albumin-bound paclitaxel/gemcitabine(PAAG)have shown great efficacy and safety in first-line treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer(mPC)patients.The cancer vaccine ELI-002 2P,which targets KRAS mutation-encoded neoantigens,can induce an antitumor immune response.Oncolytic adenovirus therapy can synergistically improve the efficacy of treatment in advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients when combined with chemotherapy.This article reviewed the latest major progress in the field of basic research and diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer in 2024.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors associated with early neurological deterioration(END)in patients with minor acute ischemic stroke(mAIS),develop a clinical prediction model for END,and identify independent risk factors for 90-day neurological functional outcomes after stroke.Methods mAIS patients admitted consecutively to the Department of Neurology,Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College(the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College),from July 2023 to July 2024 were retrospectively collected.A minor ischemic stroke was defined as acute ischemic stroke with a National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS)score≤5 on admission.Baseline,clinical,and imaging data of all mAIS patients were collected and recorded,including demographic information(age,sex),past medical history(hypertension,diabetes mellitus,hyperlipidemia,coronary heart disease,atrial fibrillation),smoking history,alcohol consumption,baseline blood pressure,pre-onset modified Rankin scale(mRS),NIHSS scores at admission and during hospitalization(24 hours,48 hours,72 hours after admission),motor component subscore of the NIHSS scores,NIHSS scores at discharge,trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment(TOAST)classification,laboratory indicators(fasting blood glucose,hemoglobin A1c[HbA1c],total cholesterol,triglycerides,high-density lipoprotein,low-density lipoprotein),clinical treatment information(intravenous thrombolysis,mono antiplatelet therapy,dual antiplatelet therapy,anticoagulation therapy)and length of stay.The status of stenosis and occlusion in the culprit vessel were assessed based on imaging results.Mild-to-moderate stenosis was defined as a stenosis rate of 0％to 69％,severe stenosis as a stenosis rate of 70％to 99％,and occlusion as complete interruption of the supplying artery.END was defined as an increase in NIHSS score of ≥2 points from baseline within 72 hours after admission,combined with an increase of at least 1 point in the motor score compared to the score at admission.Prognosis was assessed via telephone follow-ups at 90-day after onset using mRS score,with an mRS score ≤ 2 indicating a favorable outcome and an mRS score＞2 indicating a poor outcome.Variables with P＜0.05 in the univariate analysis were incorporated into multivariate Logistic regression analysis to identify the independent risk factors for END in mAIS patients.A nomogram model was constructed,and calibration curves along with decision curve analysis were plotted to evaluate the model's goodness-of-fit and clinical utility.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with poor 90-day functional outcome after mAIS.Results(1)A total of 826 patients were included,aged 33-94 years,with a median age of 67(57,76)years.There were 571 males and 255 females.The NIHSS score at admission ranged from 0 to 5,with a median NIHSS score at admission of 3(2,4).The NIHSS motor subscore at admission ranged from 0 to 5,with a median baseline NIHSS motor score of 2(0,2).Among them,119 patients(14.4％)were in the END group and 707 patients(85.6％)were included in the non-END group.At 90days after stroke,744 patients(90.1％)had a favorable outcome,while 82 patients(9.9％)had a poor outcome.(2)Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences between the END group and the non-END group in terms of HbA1c,fasting blood glucose,baseline NIHSS score,baseline NIHSS motor subscore,history of alcohol consumption,diabetes mellitus,culprit vessel stenosis and occlusion,and TOAST classification(all P＜0.05).Statistically significant differences were observed between the favorable outcome group and the poor outcome group in HbA1c,fasting blood glucose,incidence of END,baseline NIHSS score,discharge NIHSS score,culprit vessel stenosis and occlusion,TOAST classification,and history of alcohol consumption(all P＜0.05).(3)Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that mAIS patients with severe stenosis of the culprit vessel(OR,5.88,95％CI2.32-14.91,P＜0.01),occlusion of the culprit vessel(OR,5.74,95％CI 2.25-14.62,P＜0.01),history of alcohol consumption(OR,5.59,95％CI3.41-9.17,P＜0.01),elevated HbA1c(OR,1.67,95％CI 1.35-2.08,P＜0.01),and higher baseline NIHSS motor score(OR,1.43,95％CI 1.08-1.89,P=0.012)had an increased risk of END.A higher discharge NIHSS score(OR,2.59,95％CI 1.89-3.57,P＜0.01)and the occurrence of END(OR,18.42,95％CI 5.13-66.18,P＜0.01)were associated with poor 90-day functional outcome after mAIS.(4)The nomogram model constructed based on independent risk factors of END in mAIS patients demonstrated an AUC of 0.78(95％CI 0.73-0.83)for predicting END,with a sensitivity of 0.8 and a specificity of 0.7.The model showed good calibration,and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicated good agreement between predicted and observed values(P=0.333).Decision curve analysis revealed that the model provided a high net benefit across a range of high-risk thresholds(0.1-0.7),suggesting its potential clinical utility.Conclusions Severe stenosis of the culprit vessel,occlusion of the culprit vessel,glycated hemoglobin levels,baseline NIHSS motor subscale scores,and history of alcohol consumption are independent risk factors for END in patients with mAIS.The nomogram model constructed based on these factors demonstrated good predictive performance.END and NIHSS scores at discharge are independent predictors of poor 90-day outcomes in patients with mAIS.

Objective To investigate the incidence and types of patient-ventilator asynchrony(PVA)in mechanically ventilated patients within the intensive care unit(ICU),and to identify associated high-risk factors,thereby providing a basis for reducing PVA,enhancing mechanical ventilation efficiency,and refining ventilation strategies.Methods A prospective observational study was conducted among patients admitted to the general ICU of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from October to December 2024 who were receiving mechanical ventilation.Inclusion criteria were as follows:age ≥18 years and mechanical ventilation duration ≥12 hours.Exclusion criteria included complete controlled mechanical ventilation,palliative care or do-not-resuscitate status,and lack of informed consent.Senior respiratory therapists performed daily bedside observations of ventilator waveforms for 10～15 minutes between 08:00 and 12:00.PVA was diagnosed based on pressure-time and flow-time waveforms,with the types of PVA being recorded.Demographic and clinical data,including age,sex,body mass index(BMI),primary diagnosis,comorbidities,APACHEⅡ score at ICU admission,blood gas analysis,ventila-tion mode and parameters,analgesia and sedation status,duration of mechanical ventilation,and length of ICU stay,were collected.The incidence and types of PVA during the observation period were analyzed.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify high-risk factors for PVA.Clinical outcomes were compared between patients with and without PVA.Results A total of 105 patients and 453 episodes of assisted mechanical ventilation waveforms were analyzed.Among these,60.95％(64/105)experienced at least one episode of PVA.Of the 453 ventilation waveforms assessed,35.76％(162/453)demonstrated PVA.The types of PVA,ranked by incidence,were as follows:cycling mismatch(12.58％,57/453),double triggering(11.92％,54/453),ineffective triggering(9.49％,43/453),flow starvation(5.30％,24/453),and exhalation flow limitation(1.77％,8/453).The incidence of PVA varied significantly across different ventilation modes:45.7％in volume-assist/control ventilation(V-A/C),38.1％in pressure-assist/control ventilation(P-A/C),42.9％in synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation(SIMV),and 16.7％in pressure support ventilation(PSV)(P<0.001).Multi-variate logistic regression analysis revealed that the mechanical ventilation mode[reference:PSV;V-A/C:OR=4.687,95％CI:2.140～10.263,P<0.001;P-A/C:OR=2.922,95％CI:1.489～5.734,P=0.002;SIMV:OR=4.682,95％CI:1.758～12.466,P=0.002]and actual respiratory rate(OR=1.07,95％CI:1.016～1.127,P=0.011)were significant high-risk factors for PVA.Patients with PVA had a significantly longer duration of mechanical ventilation[8.21(5.35,13.91)days vs.3.00(1.96,5.71)days,P<0.001]compared to those without PVA.Conclusions PVA is commonly observed in ICU patients receiving assisted invasive mechanical ventilation,with cycling mismatch,double triggering,and ineffective triggering being the most prevalent types.The incidence of PVA tends to be lower when using the PSV mode.Clinically,real-time monitoring of patient-ventilator synchrony via ventilator waveforms,along with the optimization of ventilator modes and parameters,should be employed to minimize the occurrence of PVA and enhance the efficiency of mechanical ventilation.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor,and its incidence rate has been slowly increasing since 2000.Although the improvement of diagnosis and treatment has led to an increase in the five-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer compared to 50 years ago,it remains one of the discouraging tumor diseases regarding its prognosis.In 2024,many achievements were made in the research of early screening,disease mechanism,clinical diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer,showing a good prospect for clinical application.In early screening,artificial intelligence(AI)technology has empowered early diagnosis and screening of pancreatic cancer,pushing clinical diagnosis and treatment to a new level.Additionally,improvements in the accuracy of technologies such as liquid biopsy have provided new directions for early screening of pancreatic cancer.In terms of research on disease pathogenesis,3D genome mapping technology has revealed the polyclonal origin and genetic heterogeneity of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm(PanIN).In basic research,a branched organ simulation system that mimics the unique structural characteristics of pancreatic cancer provides a new model for in vitro studies of pancreatic cancer.Lactate,an important tumor metabolite,links the metabolic microenvironment of pancreatic cancer with epigenetic changes,revealing potential therapeutic targets.Defects in the histone H3K36 trimethyltransferase SETD2 contribute to endogenous epigenetic dysregulation in pancreatic cancer and promote mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS)and tumor progression.The platelet-derived growth factor receptor(PDGFR)axis,which facilitates communication between stromal cells and cancer cells,forms a bidirectional secretory circuit and may become a new therapeutic target.Chimeric antigen receptor macrophage(CAR-M)therapy targeting the tyrosine kinase receptor c-MET demonstrates potential for synergistic enhancement with chemotherapy drugs.Macrophages in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment promote the development of pancreatic cancer cachexia through the CCL5/TRAF6/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)pathway,suggesting that macrophages could be an effective target for predicting and intervening in the development of pancreatic cancer cachexia.In terms of advancements in diagnosis and treatment,surgery following neoadjuvant chemotherapy can improve overall survival(OS)in resectable and borderline resectable patients,but further optimization of neoadjuvant chemotherapy protocols is needed.The first clinically effective KRASG12D-targeted drug has been reported,and research on inhibitors of a wide range of KRAS mutants is continually emerging.Patient stratification based on glycolysis-related scores(GRS)can further guide the selection of treatment protocols."Intelligent exosomes"(ExoSmart)enhance cellular uptake capacity to assist in improving chemotherapy efficacy.The implementation of clinical trials combining immunotherapy with chemotherapy is expected to synergistically improve the efficacy of pancreatic cancer treatment.Pembrolizumab and anlotinib combined with albumin-bound paclitaxel/gemcitabine(PAAG)have shown great efficacy and safety in first-line treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer(mPC)patients.The cancer vaccine ELI-002 2P,which targets KRAS mutation-encoded neoantigens,can induce an antitumor immune response.Oncolytic adenovirus therapy can synergistically improve the efficacy of treatment in advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients when combined with chemotherapy.This article reviewed the latest major progress in the field of basic research and diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer in 2024.

Objective To investigate the incidence and types of patient-ventilator asynchrony(PVA)in mechanically ventilated patients within the intensive care unit(ICU),and to identify associated high-risk factors,thereby providing a basis for reducing PVA,enhancing mechanical ventilation efficiency,and refining ventilation strategies.Methods A prospective observational study was conducted among patients admitted to the general ICU of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from October to December 2024 who were receiving mechanical ventilation.Inclusion criteria were as follows:age ≥18 years and mechanical ventilation duration ≥12 hours.Exclusion criteria included complete controlled mechanical ventilation,palliative care or do-not-resuscitate status,and lack of informed consent.Senior respiratory therapists performed daily bedside observations of ventilator waveforms for 10～15 minutes between 08:00 and 12:00.PVA was diagnosed based on pressure-time and flow-time waveforms,with the types of PVA being recorded.Demographic and clinical data,including age,sex,body mass index(BMI),primary diagnosis,comorbidities,APACHEⅡ score at ICU admission,blood gas analysis,ventila-tion mode and parameters,analgesia and sedation status,duration of mechanical ventilation,and length of ICU stay,were collected.The incidence and types of PVA during the observation period were analyzed.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify high-risk factors for PVA.Clinical outcomes were compared between patients with and without PVA.Results A total of 105 patients and 453 episodes of assisted mechanical ventilation waveforms were analyzed.Among these,60.95％(64/105)experienced at least one episode of PVA.Of the 453 ventilation waveforms assessed,35.76％(162/453)demonstrated PVA.The types of PVA,ranked by incidence,were as follows:cycling mismatch(12.58％,57/453),double triggering(11.92％,54/453),ineffective triggering(9.49％,43/453),flow starvation(5.30％,24/453),and exhalation flow limitation(1.77％,8/453).The incidence of PVA varied significantly across different ventilation modes:45.7％in volume-assist/control ventilation(V-A/C),38.1％in pressure-assist/control ventilation(P-A/C),42.9％in synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation(SIMV),and 16.7％in pressure support ventilation(PSV)(P<0.001).Multi-variate logistic regression analysis revealed that the mechanical ventilation mode[reference:PSV;V-A/C:OR=4.687,95％CI:2.140～10.263,P<0.001;P-A/C:OR=2.922,95％CI:1.489～5.734,P=0.002;SIMV:OR=4.682,95％CI:1.758～12.466,P=0.002]and actual respiratory rate(OR=1.07,95％CI:1.016～1.127,P=0.011)were significant high-risk factors for PVA.Patients with PVA had a significantly longer duration of mechanical ventilation[8.21(5.35,13.91)days vs.3.00(1.96,5.71)days,P<0.001]compared to those without PVA.Conclusions PVA is commonly observed in ICU patients receiving assisted invasive mechanical ventilation,with cycling mismatch,double triggering,and ineffective triggering being the most prevalent types.The incidence of PVA tends to be lower when using the PSV mode.Clinically,real-time monitoring of patient-ventilator synchrony via ventilator waveforms,along with the optimization of ventilator modes and parameters,should be employed to minimize the occurrence of PVA and enhance the efficiency of mechanical ventilation.