Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of pyroptosis and inflammation in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after chemotherapy.Methods A retrospective analysis was con-ducted on the clinical data of 98 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who received chemotherapy in the pediatrics and hematology and oncology departments of the hospital from May 2023 to August 2024.Accord-ing to the results of blood culture,the selected children were divided into the Gram-positive bacteria group,the Gram-negative bacteria group,the fungal group and the non-bloodstream infection group,and drug sensitivity tests were conducted.After chemotherapy,the children were divided into the granulocytosis group and the non-granulocytosis group according to the granulocyte level.The relevant indicators were detected and com-pared by methods such as blood routine,flow microsphere array technology,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and Western blot.Results After chemotherapy,the pyroptosis related indicators caspase-1,caspase-4,caspase-5,caspase-11,interleukin(IL)-1 β,IL-18,the proportion of pyroptosis cells and the relative expression level of GSDMD protein in children of each infection type were significantly increased compared with those before chemotherapy(P＜0.05).After chemotherapy,the levels of IL-4,IL-6,IL-10 and interfer-on-γ(IFN-γ)in the granulocytosis group were significantly higher than those in the non-granulocytosis group(P＜0.05),and the granulocyte level was negatively correlated with the levels of IL-4,IL-6,IL-10 and IFN-γ(P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the levels of IL-4,IL-6,IL-10 and IFN-γ in dif-ferent infection states after chemotherapy(P＜0.05).Conclusion The number of granulocytes and the levels of serum cytokines can serve as potential indicators of infection in children with leukemia.The regulation of pyroptosis may provide new strategies for the treatment of childhood leukemia.

Objective:This report presents the initial outcomes of endoscopic intermuscular dissection (EID), a novel technique introduced by our team for the diagnostic resection of early rectal cancer, focusing on the postoperative status of the vertical margins.Methods:On January 26, 2024, a patient with early rectal cancer (cT1-2N0M0) underwent Endoscopic Intermuscular Dissection. The EID procedure consists of six steps: (1) mucosal incision; (2) submucosal dissection; (3) superficial muscular layer incision; (4) intermuscular dissection; (5) complete tumor removal; (6) wound management.Results:The patient was a 70-year-old male with rectal cancer (cT1-2N0M0). The tumor was located on the left anterior wall of the rectum, approximately 9 cm from the anal margin, and measured 20mm in size. The dissection rate was 2.68 mm2/minute, and the total duration of the surgery was 109 minutes. The patient was successfully discharged on the fifth day after surgery. Pathological examination of the post-endoscopic surgery specimen revealed pT1b, with negative vertical margins. Follow-up after more than one month showed good recovery with no complications such as bleeding, perforation, infection, or stricture occurring. Colonoscopy indicated the presence of a granulation tissue suggestive of inflammation.Conclusion:Endoscopic Intermuscular Dissection for the diagnostic resection of early rectal cancer is potentially safe and may achieve negative vertical margins.

Objective:This report presents the initial outcomes of endoscopic intermuscular dissection (EID), a novel technique introduced by our team for the diagnostic resection of early rectal cancer, focusing on the postoperative status of the vertical margins.Methods:On January 26, 2024, a patient with early rectal cancer (cT1-2N0M0) underwent Endoscopic Intermuscular Dissection. The EID procedure consists of six steps: (1) mucosal incision; (2) submucosal dissection; (3) superficial muscular layer incision; (4) intermuscular dissection; (5) complete tumor removal; (6) wound management.Results:The patient was a 70-year-old male with rectal cancer (cT1-2N0M0). The tumor was located on the left anterior wall of the rectum, approximately 9 cm from the anal margin, and measured 20mm in size. The dissection rate was 2.68 mm2/minute, and the total duration of the surgery was 109 minutes. The patient was successfully discharged on the fifth day after surgery. Pathological examination of the post-endoscopic surgery specimen revealed pT1b, with negative vertical margins. Follow-up after more than one month showed good recovery with no complications such as bleeding, perforation, infection, or stricture occurring. Colonoscopy indicated the presence of a granulation tissue suggestive of inflammation.Conclusion:Endoscopic Intermuscular Dissection for the diagnostic resection of early rectal cancer is potentially safe and may achieve negative vertical margins.

Objective:To examine follow-up data of different subgroups in order to further evaluate the performance and practical value of community colorectal cancer screening by detection of stool methylation syndecan-2 gene (m SDC2) among residents of Shipai Town, Dongguan City. Methods:This was an observational study. From May 2021 to February 2022, the Shipai Town government of Dongguan City completed screening for colorectal cancer by detection of stool m SDC2 in 10,708 residents from 18 villages who had met the initial screening criteria and been selected using whole population sampling. From May 2022 to February 2023, the research group conducted follow-up of participants about one year after the initial screening. Residents in the gray zone according to the initial screening were followed up by colonoscopy. Additionally, 1,000 residents with negative results on the initial screening were randomly sampled to undergo colonoscopy. Stool m SDC2 detection was performed again on residents who had had positive results on the initial screening, and colonoscopy was performed on those who again tested positive. Compliance with colonoscopy and detection of gastrointestinal lesions during follow-up were assessed in different subgroups. Results:Of the 438 residents in the gray zone on the initial screening, 155 underwent colonoscopy follow-up (colonoscopy compliance rate 35.4% [155/438]). These colonoscopies revealed that 27 (17.4%) of the participants had gastrointestinal lesions, including advanced adenomas in 22 cases (14.2%) and non-adenomatous polyps in two cases (3.2%). No colorectal carcinomas was identified. Of the 1, 000 randomly sampled residents with negative results on initial screening, 286 underwent colonoscopy follow-up (colonoscopy compliance rate 28.6% [286/1000]), These colonoscopies revealed that 11 (3.8%)of these individuals had gastrointestinal lesions, including three advanced adenomas (1.0%), five non-advanced adenomas (1.7%), one serrated adenoma or polyp (0.3%), and two non-adenomatous polyps (0.7%), but no colorectal carcinomas. Of the 821 residents who tested positive in the initial screening, 511 again underwent stool mSDC2 detection one year later (follow-up rate 62.2% [511/821]). Of these participants, 66 tested positive again (rate of 12.9% [66/511]), 39 (7.6%) of them in the gray zone, whereas 406(79.5%) tested negative. Forty-seven of the residents with positive results underwent colonoscopy (colonoscopy compliance rate 71.2% [47/66]), which revealed 36 (76.6%) gastrointestinal lesions, including 10 advanced adenomas (21.3%), nine non-advanced adenomas (19.1%) and 17 non-adenomatous polyps (36.2%).Conclusion:Stool m SDC2 detection performs well as a screening tool. In our study, colorectal cancer or precancerous lesions were extremely rare in participants who tested negative on the initial screening. However, some of the participants who tested in the gray zone on initial screening had precancerous colorectal lesions, particularly advanced adenomas, which would have been missed without follow-up colonoscopy. Of note, stool m SDC2 detection has good follow-up value in individuals who test positive on initial screening.

Objective:To examine follow-up data of different subgroups in order to further evaluate the performance and practical value of community colorectal cancer screening by detection of stool methylation syndecan-2 gene (m SDC2) among residents of Shipai Town, Dongguan City. Methods:This was an observational study. From May 2021 to February 2022, the Shipai Town government of Dongguan City completed screening for colorectal cancer by detection of stool m SDC2 in 10,708 residents from 18 villages who had met the initial screening criteria and been selected using whole population sampling. From May 2022 to February 2023, the research group conducted follow-up of participants about one year after the initial screening. Residents in the gray zone according to the initial screening were followed up by colonoscopy. Additionally, 1,000 residents with negative results on the initial screening were randomly sampled to undergo colonoscopy. Stool m SDC2 detection was performed again on residents who had had positive results on the initial screening, and colonoscopy was performed on those who again tested positive. Compliance with colonoscopy and detection of gastrointestinal lesions during follow-up were assessed in different subgroups. Results:Of the 438 residents in the gray zone on the initial screening, 155 underwent colonoscopy follow-up (colonoscopy compliance rate 35.4% [155/438]). These colonoscopies revealed that 27 (17.4%) of the participants had gastrointestinal lesions, including advanced adenomas in 22 cases (14.2%) and non-adenomatous polyps in two cases (3.2%). No colorectal carcinomas was identified. Of the 1, 000 randomly sampled residents with negative results on initial screening, 286 underwent colonoscopy follow-up (colonoscopy compliance rate 28.6% [286/1000]), These colonoscopies revealed that 11 (3.8%)of these individuals had gastrointestinal lesions, including three advanced adenomas (1.0%), five non-advanced adenomas (1.7%), one serrated adenoma or polyp (0.3%), and two non-adenomatous polyps (0.7%), but no colorectal carcinomas. Of the 821 residents who tested positive in the initial screening, 511 again underwent stool mSDC2 detection one year later (follow-up rate 62.2% [511/821]). Of these participants, 66 tested positive again (rate of 12.9% [66/511]), 39 (7.6%) of them in the gray zone, whereas 406(79.5%) tested negative. Forty-seven of the residents with positive results underwent colonoscopy (colonoscopy compliance rate 71.2% [47/66]), which revealed 36 (76.6%) gastrointestinal lesions, including 10 advanced adenomas (21.3%), nine non-advanced adenomas (19.1%) and 17 non-adenomatous polyps (36.2%).Conclusion:Stool m SDC2 detection performs well as a screening tool. In our study, colorectal cancer or precancerous lesions were extremely rare in participants who tested negative on the initial screening. However, some of the participants who tested in the gray zone on initial screening had precancerous colorectal lesions, particularly advanced adenomas, which would have been missed without follow-up colonoscopy. Of note, stool m SDC2 detection has good follow-up value in individuals who test positive on initial screening.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of probiotics on chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis in rats.Methods The databases including PubMed,EMbase,Cochrane,CBM,CNKI,WanFang and VIP were retrieved from their establishment to April 2016.The related randomized controlled trials(RCT) on the effects of probiotics for treating chemotherapy-induced intestinal mocositis in rats were included.The relevant literatures were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,then the data were extracted and analyzed.Results Total 6 RCT were included.Compared with the control group,the intestinal secretion and absorption function in the probiotics group was strengtnened[SMD=1.73,95 ％CI(0.79,2.68),P＜0.01],jejunal anti-oxidant capacity was increased [SMD=-2.12,95％CI(-3.56,-0.67),P＜0.01],however low dose probiotics (＜1 × 109 cfu/d)had no protective effect on small intestine[SMDjejunum =-0.06,95％CI(-0.51,0.40),SMDileum =0.02,95％ CI(-0.71,0.75);P ＞0.05],while high dose probiotics(≥ 1 × 109 cfu/d) could reduce the intestinal pathological damage[SMDjejunum =-0.64,95 ％ CI (-1.20,-0.09),SMDileum=-0.85,95％ CI(-1.59,-0.12);P＜0.05].Conclusion High dose probiotics can reduce chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis in rats.Because of less included literatures and the influence of publication bias,the effect of probiotics on chemotherapy induced mucositis could be overestimated.

AIM: To investigate the expression of microRNA-375 (miR-375) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to analyze the target genes and signaling pathways regulated by miR-375.METHODS: The expression of miR-375 was examined at tissue microarray of HCC by in situ hybridization.The whole human genome chip and bioinforma-tics analysis were applied to screen out the differential expression genes and signaling pathways in 4 HCC cell lines trans-fected with miR-375 mimic.RESULTS:In situ hybridization showed the expression of miR-375 in HCC tissues were obvi-ously higher than that in tumor-adjacent tissues (P<0.05).There were 20 co-upregulated genes and 17 co-downregulated genes in all 4 cell lines.Bioinformatic analysis showed that there were 54 signaling pathways related to up-regulated genes and 48 signaling pathways related to down-regulated genes in all 4 cell lines.CONCLUSION: miR-375 may play a key role in the pathological process of HCC.The bioinformatic analysis is able to screen the target genes and signaling pathways regulated by miR-375 and to provide an explicit direction for further mechanism research on HCC.

Objective To investigate the relationship between APE1, XRCC1 gene polymorphisms and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) susceptibility and to explore the correlation of APE1, XRCC1 gene polymorphisms with the sensitivity to platinum-based drugs .Methods Seventy-eight HCC patients and 80 controls were selected .By PCR and RFLP , the single nucleotide polymorphism of APE1 Asp148Glu and XRCC1 Arg194Trp genes and the susceptibility of HCC or platinum drug sensitivity were analyzed.Results The Glu/Glu genotype of APE1 could increase in the risk of HCC by 7.21 times (95%CI:1.325-29.109) (P<0.05).APE1 and XRCC1 gene polymorphisms could also affect the platinum drug resistance of HCC patients.Conclusion APE1 Asp148Glu is correlated with the susceptibility to HCC .APE1 and XRCC1 genes can be considered a target for therapy to improve the sensitivity of HCC platinum drugs .

Objective To evaluate the correlation between seram interleukin-10 (IL-10) and testosterone with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods 387 patients were divided into CHD group (n = 239) and control group ( n = 148 ) according to the results of coronary angiography. CHD patients were divided into subgroups accord-ing to the numbers, Gensini score of lesions in the coronary arteries and clinical severity ( statue of stable coronary artery disease, unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction). Serum IL-10 and testosterone levels were measured by ELASA. Logistic regression and partial correlation were used to evaluate the correlation of serum IL-10 and testoster-one with CHD. Results IL-10 was significantly lower in the CHD group than in the control group[ (39.08 ± 14.22) ng/L vs (49.27 ± 24.67)ng/L, P < 0. 001 ]. The partial correlation analysis results in subgroups showed that the correlation coefficient of IL-10 with number of lesions,gensini score and clinical severity of CHD was - 0.25, P < 0.001, -0.25 ,P <0.05 and -0.25 ,P <0.001 ,respectively. Serum testosterone had no difference in control group and CHD group (P >0.05 ). Logistic regression analysis found that only smoking (OR = 3.79,95% CI 2.09～ 6.84,P<0.01) ,diabetes mellitus (OR =2.48,95% CI 1.05 ～5.88,P <0. 05) ,apoB ( OR = 14.3,95% CI 4.29～46.61 ,P <0.01 ) and IL-10 ( OR =0.74,95%, CI 0.57～0.89 ,P <0.01 ) entered the model. Conclusions Serum IL-10 is not only significantly correlated with CHD but also with its severity. IL-10 is an independent pro-tective factor for CHD.