AIM:To investigate the expression levels of serum sirtuin 6(Sirt6)and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2(NOX2)in patients with primary glaucoma and their correlation with the severity of the disease. METHODS:This study is a cross-sectional study. Patients diagnosed with primary glaucoma at the hospital from August 2022 to June 2025 were enrolled and divided into mild-to-moderate and severe groups based on the mean deviation of visual field defects, along with healthy individuals as a control group. Clinical data were collected, and serum levels of Sirt6 and NOX2 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Correlations between serum Sirt6 and NOX2 levels and clinical parameters were analyzed. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing disease severity, and the diagnostic efficacy of serum Sirt6 and NOX2 levels was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves. RESULTS:A total of 120 patients with primary glaucoma(58 males, 62 females, mean age 60.08±8.19 y)and 100 controls(46 males, 56 females, mean age 60.23±8.67 y)were enrolled in this study. There were no statistically significant differences in sex or age between the two groups(both P>0.05). The intraocular pressure and serum NOX2 expression level in the primary glaucoma group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the Sirt6 level was significantly lower than in the control group(all P<0.001). The AUC values of serum Sirt6 and NOX2 in the diagnosis of primary glaucoma were 0.733 and 0.770, respectively, with optimal cutoff values of 2.35 and 4.25 ng/mL, respectively. The AUC of the combined diagnosis of the two was 0.901, and its efficacy was obviously better than that of a single indicator(Zcombination-Sirt6=5.317, Zcombination-NOX2=4.720, P<0.001).The severe group had lower serum Sirt6 expression levels(P<0.05), and higher NOX2 expression levels(P<0.05)than the mild-to-moderate group. Serum Sirt6 expression levels were prominently negatively correlated with mean intraocular pressure(r=-0.354, P<0.05); NOX2 expression levels were prominently positively correlated with mean intraocular pressure(r=0.240, P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that a decrease in serum Sirt6 expression levels(OR=0.229, 95%CI: 0.090-0.581), an increase in serum NOX2 expression levels(OR=2.649, 95%CI: 1.658-4.232), an increase in mean intraocular pressure(OR=1.278, 95%CI: 1.118-1.462)which were risk factors for the progression to severe glaucoma. The AUC values of serums Sirt6 and NOX2 expression levels in diagnosing severe primary glaucoma were 0.794 and 0.800, respectively, the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of the combined diagnosis of the two were 0.916, 80.00%, and 89.33%, respectively, and the combined diagnostic efficacy was better than that of a single indicator(Zcombination-Sirt6=2.627, P=0.009, Zcombination-NOX2=2.762, P=0.006). CONCLUSION:The decreased serum Sirt6 and increased NOX2 expression levels in patients with primary glaucoma are significantly correlated with disease severity, and the combined detection demonstrates good diagnostic value for primary glaucoma and its severity.

Lung transplantation is a definitive treatment for end-stage lung disease and can significantly improve patient prognosis. However, postoperative complications such as infection, rejection, ischemia-reperfusion injury and chronic lung allograft dysfunction intertwine to form a complex pathological network, posing persistent challenges to long-term patient survival. In 2025, research teams worldwide have made systematic progress in the field of basic lung transplantation research. By integrating cutting-edge technologies including single-cell multi-omics, spatial transcriptomics and novel animal models, significant breakthroughs have been achieved in the evolutionary dynamics of drug-resistant infections, molecular mechanisms of immune regulation, programmed cell death, optimization of donor lung protection strategies and early warning of chronic lung allograft dysfunction. This article systematically reviews the representative advances in basic lung transplantation research worldwide in 2025, and deeply analyzes the implications of mechanistic breakthroughs for optimizing diagnosis and treatment strategies, aiming to anchor the direction for innovative breakthroughs and clinical translation in basic lung transplantation research.

AIM:To study the protective effect of transient receptor potential vanilic acid subtype 1(TRPV1)agonist capsaicin(CAP)on traumatic blood loss shock rats,and to further explore its possible mechanism by network pharmacology.METHODS:Forty-five SD rats were divided into 5 groups by random number table method:normal group,shock group,lactated Ringer's solution(LR)group,CAP pretreatment(single administration before shock)group,CAP pre-final administration(twice administration before and after shock)group,with 9 rats in each group for survival observation.Then 32 SD rats were divided into 4 groups according to the results of survival experiment:normal group,shock group,LR group,CAP pre-final administration group,with 8 rats in each group for blood pressure,hemodynamics,arterial blood gas,vascular reactivi-ty and hepaticand renal blood flow.At the same time,the potential mechanism of CAP in the treat-ment of traumatic hemorrhagic shock was investi-gated by network pharmacology.Furthermore,ap-ply the dataset to validate and analyse the diagnos-tic value of the hub genes.RESULTS:Rats in shock group died within hours of the completion of the shock model,and the mean survival time was 1.25(0.42,6.21)h.LR resuscitation could improve the survival of rats to some extent.The survival rate and survival time of rats in the CAP pretreatment group were slightly increased as compared with the LR group,while twice administration of CAP be-fore and after shock(CAP pre-final administration)resulted in better outcomes than LR resuscitation alone.Further results indicated that CAP pre-final administration significantly reduced the blood lac-tic acid level,improved the vasoconstrictive and di-astolic reactivity,and increased the liver and kidney blood flow of shock rats as compared with LR group.The improvement of hemodynamics and blood gas indexes in CAP group was slightly higher than LR group,but there was no statistical signifi-cance.A total of 37 genes related to CAP anti-trau-matic hemorrhage shock were obtained by net-work pharmacology.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the Ca ion signaling pathway and Ras signaling pathway were significantly enriched.Vali-dation of the dataset showed that the expression levels of CXCR4,NF-kB1,GFPA and NTF3 hub gene were significantly different in the normal and shock groups,and that CXCR4 has a high diagnostic value for traumatic haemorrhagic shock.CONCLUSIONS:CAP,the TRPV1 agonist,significantly improved vas-cular function,increased organ blood flow,and cor-rected the lactic acidosis in rats with traumatic hemorrhagic shock,thus markedly improved the survival outcomes.The mechanism may be related to Ca ion signal pathway and Ras signal pathway.CXCR4,NF-kB1,GFPA and NTF3 may be having an important role in it.

Objective This study sought to establish a diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D)mouse model by gavage different mass concentrations sennae folium combined with chronic restraint stress,and to determine the appropriate mass concentration of sennae folium to establish IBS-D mouse model.Methods The mass concentration of sennae folium used for the IBS-D mouse model followed suggested amounts in the literature and on that basis,the mass concentration gradient was established prior to conducting the experiment.Female C57BL/6 mice were divided into a normal group(Group N),a low-dose group(Group L;0.25 g/mL sennae solution),a medium-dose group(Group M;0.50 g/mL sennae solution),and a high-dose group(Group H;1.0 g/mL sennae solution),with 10 mice per group.After 14 days,the defecation,diarrhea index,visceral sensitivity,and morphological changes in the colonic tissue in each group were observed and recorded to compare the differences among models established with varying mass concentrations of sennae folium.Results Compared with Group N(42.90±11.90)%,Group L(80.30±5.77)%,Group M(80.50±3.44)%,and Group H(81.90±2.68)%had significantly higher 6 h fecal water content(P＜0.01).Compared with Group N(0.00±0.00),the diarrhea index of mice in Group L(0.57±0.16),Group M(0.62±0.23),and Group H(0.60,0.23)also increased significantly(P＜0.01).Compared with Group N(0.65(0.60,0.65)),Group M(0.32(0.24,0.39))and Group H(0.34(0.27,0.47))had significantly lower visceral pain threshold and higher visceral sensitivity(P＜0.01).Additionally,the first blue stool time in Group M(98.15(93.41,100.44)min)was significantly shorter than that in Group N(186.81(109.28,192.05)min)(P＜0.01),and the total number of stools in Group M(22.4±3.73)was significantly higher than that in Group N(17.90±4.48)(P＜0.05).Conclusions Compared with 0.25 and 1.0 g/mL,0.50 g/mL sennae folium gavage,combined with chronic restraint stress,can better simulate the clinical symptoms of IBS-D.

Objective This study sought to establish a diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D)mouse model by gavage different mass concentrations sennae folium combined with chronic restraint stress,and to determine the appropriate mass concentration of sennae folium to establish IBS-D mouse model.Methods The mass concentration of sennae folium used for the IBS-D mouse model followed suggested amounts in the literature and on that basis,the mass concentration gradient was established prior to conducting the experiment.Female C57BL/6 mice were divided into a normal group(Group N),a low-dose group(Group L;0.25 g/mL sennae solution),a medium-dose group(Group M;0.50 g/mL sennae solution),and a high-dose group(Group H;1.0 g/mL sennae solution),with 10 mice per group.After 14 days,the defecation,diarrhea index,visceral sensitivity,and morphological changes in the colonic tissue in each group were observed and recorded to compare the differences among models established with varying mass concentrations of sennae folium.Results Compared with Group N(42.90±11.90)%,Group L(80.30±5.77)%,Group M(80.50±3.44)%,and Group H(81.90±2.68)%had significantly higher 6 h fecal water content(P＜0.01).Compared with Group N(0.00±0.00),the diarrhea index of mice in Group L(0.57±0.16),Group M(0.62±0.23),and Group H(0.60,0.23)also increased significantly(P＜0.01).Compared with Group N(0.65(0.60,0.65)),Group M(0.32(0.24,0.39))and Group H(0.34(0.27,0.47))had significantly lower visceral pain threshold and higher visceral sensitivity(P＜0.01).Additionally,the first blue stool time in Group M(98.15(93.41,100.44)min)was significantly shorter than that in Group N(186.81(109.28,192.05)min)(P＜0.01),and the total number of stools in Group M(22.4±3.73)was significantly higher than that in Group N(17.90±4.48)(P＜0.05).Conclusions Compared with 0.25 and 1.0 g/mL,0.50 g/mL sennae folium gavage,combined with chronic restraint stress,can better simulate the clinical symptoms of IBS-D.

Objective To explore the mechanism by which Liqi Huoxue Dripping Pill(LQHXDP)inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI).Methods Male Sprague-Dawley(n=96)rats were randomly assigned to a normal,sham-operated,model,LQHXDP,adenovirus negative control(Ad-shNC),adenovirus-mediated HIF-1α knockdown(Ad-shHIF-1α),LQHXDP+Ad-shNC,or LQHXDP+Ad-shHIF-1α group using a random number table.LQHXDP was administered daily via oral gavage at 175.0 mg/(kg·d)for 10 consecutive days.On day 7,recombinant adenovirus was injected into the left ventricular wall of rats in the corresponding groups at multiple points.On day 10,the MIRI model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery.The sham-operated group underwent thoracotomy and suture placement without coronary ligation.Samples were collected after reperfusion was completed.Serum creatine kinase isoenzymes(CK-MB),cardiac troponin I(cTnI),and heart-type fatty acid binding protein(H-FABP)levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to measure the volume ratio of myocardial infarction.HE staining was performed to observe the morphology of myocardial tissue.Terminal transferase uridyl nick end labeling assay was conducted to analyze the apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes,and Western blotting was used to detect the expression of key proteins in the apoptosis(B-cell lymphoma-2[Bcl-2],Bcl-2 associated X protein[Bax],and cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3[Cleaved-Caspase-3]and HIF-1α/Bcl-2-adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting protein 3(BNIP3)signaling pathway(HIF-1α,heme oxygenase-1[HO-1],and BNIP3).Results LQHXDP pretreatment significantly reduced serum CK-MB,cTnI,and H-FABP levels,as well as the myocardial infarction volume ratio in rats with MIRI.LQHXDP also improved myocardial tissue morphology,decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis,upregulated Bcl-2 protein expression,and downregulated Bax,Cleaved-Caspase-3,HIF-1α,HO-1,and BNIP3 protein expressions(P<0.05).However,adenovirus-mediated shRNA HIF-1α impaired the effects of LQHXDP pretreatment in attenuating myocardial injury and inhibiting apoptosis in MIRI rats(P<0.05).Conclusion LQHXDP reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis and protects rat myocardium from MIRI by regulating the HIF-1α/BNIP3 signaling pathway.

To solve the safety problems caused by the restriction of interaction space and the singular configuration of rehabilitation robot in terminal traction upper limb rehabilitation training, a trajectory planning and tracking control scheme for rehabilitation training is proposed. The human-robot safe interaction space was obtained based on kinematics modeling and rehabilitation theory, and the training trajectory was planned based on the occupational therapy in rehabilitation medicine. The singular configuration of the rehabilitation robot in the interaction space was avoided by exponential adaptive damped least square method. Then, a nonlinear controller for the upper limb rehabilitation robot was designed based on the backstepping control method. Radial basis function neural network was used to approximate the robot model information online to achieve model-free control. The stability of the controller was proved by Lyapunov stability theory. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed singular avoidance control scheme.
Humans ; Upper Extremity ; Robotics/methods* ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Traction/methods* ; Algorithms

Objective To explore the mechanism by which Liqi Huoxue Dripping Pill(LQHXDP)inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI).Methods Male Sprague-Dawley(n=96)rats were randomly assigned to a normal,sham-operated,model,LQHXDP,adenovirus negative control(Ad-shNC),adenovirus-mediated HIF-1α knockdown(Ad-shHIF-1α),LQHXDP+Ad-shNC,or LQHXDP+Ad-shHIF-1α group using a random number table.LQHXDP was administered daily via oral gavage at 175.0 mg/(kg·d)for 10 consecutive days.On day 7,recombinant adenovirus was injected into the left ventricular wall of rats in the corresponding groups at multiple points.On day 10,the MIRI model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery.The sham-operated group underwent thoracotomy and suture placement without coronary ligation.Samples were collected after reperfusion was completed.Serum creatine kinase isoenzymes(CK-MB),cardiac troponin I(cTnI),and heart-type fatty acid binding protein(H-FABP)levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to measure the volume ratio of myocardial infarction.HE staining was performed to observe the morphology of myocardial tissue.Terminal transferase uridyl nick end labeling assay was conducted to analyze the apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes,and Western blotting was used to detect the expression of key proteins in the apoptosis(B-cell lymphoma-2[Bcl-2],Bcl-2 associated X protein[Bax],and cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3[Cleaved-Caspase-3]and HIF-1α/Bcl-2-adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting protein 3(BNIP3)signaling pathway(HIF-1α,heme oxygenase-1[HO-1],and BNIP3).Results LQHXDP pretreatment significantly reduced serum CK-MB,cTnI,and H-FABP levels,as well as the myocardial infarction volume ratio in rats with MIRI.LQHXDP also improved myocardial tissue morphology,decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis,upregulated Bcl-2 protein expression,and downregulated Bax,Cleaved-Caspase-3,HIF-1α,HO-1,and BNIP3 protein expressions(P<0.05).However,adenovirus-mediated shRNA HIF-1α impaired the effects of LQHXDP pretreatment in attenuating myocardial injury and inhibiting apoptosis in MIRI rats(P<0.05).Conclusion LQHXDP reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis and protects rat myocardium from MIRI by regulating the HIF-1α/BNIP3 signaling pathway.

Objective To introduce the modeling method of pendulum-like modified rat abdominal heart heterotopic transplantation model and evaluate the quality of the model. Methods An operator without transplantation experience performed 15 consecutive models, recorded the time of each step, changes in body weight and modified Stanford scores, and calculated the surgical success rate, postoperative 1-week survival rate and technical success rate. Ultrasound examinations was performed in 1 week postoperatively. Results The times for donor heart acquisition, donor heart processing, recipient preparation and transplantation anastomosis were (14.3±1.4) min, (3.5±0.6) min, (13.6±2.1) min and (38.3±5.2) min respectively. The surgical success rate was 87% (13/15), and the survival rate 1 week after operative was 100% (13/13). The improved Stanford score indicated a technical success rate of 92% (12/13), and the postoperative 1-week ultrasound examination showed that grafts with Stanford scores ≥3 had detectable pulsation and blood flow signals. Conclusions The pendulum-like modified rat abdominal heart heterotopic transplantation improved model further optimizes the operational steps with a high success rate and stable quality, may be chosen as a modeling option for basic research in heart transplantation in the future.

Objective:To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Dachaihu decoction(DCD)on dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis(UC)and liver injury in mice,as well as the association between DCD benefits and gut microbiota modulation.Methods:Mice were treated with DCD(20.10 and 10.05 g/kg)for 2 weeks,with free access to drinking water containing 3%DSS in the second week to induce UC.Histopathological examination,RT-qPCR and 16S rRNA sequencing were used to investigate the effect of DCD on UC mice.Results:DCD pretreatment significantly alleviated weight loss,bloody diarrhea with mucus,histopathological abnormalities of the colon,and colon shortening in mice with DSS-induced UC.In addition,DCD pretreat-ment significantly upregulated the levels of Occludin,ZO-1,and MUC-2 in the colon and protected the intestinal barrier of mice.DCD pretreatment also alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration in the colon and the liver and significantly reduced the expression levels of the proinflammatory factors such as IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,iNOS,COX-2,and NLRP3,thereby exerting a protective effect against UC and liver injury.It should be noted that DCD corrected gut micro-biota imbalance in UC mice by enriching probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and reducing harmful bacteria such as Norank_f_Desulfovibrionaceae and Escherichia-Shigella.Conclusion:DCD can alleviate DSS-induced UC and exert a liver-protecting effect by protecting intestinal barrier,inhibiting inflam-mation,and regulating gut microbiota.