AIM:To investigate the expression levels of serum sirtuin 6(Sirt6)and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2(NOX2)in patients with primary glaucoma and their correlation with the severity of the disease. METHODS:This study is a cross-sectional study. Patients diagnosed with primary glaucoma at the hospital from August 2022 to June 2025 were enrolled and divided into mild-to-moderate and severe groups based on the mean deviation of visual field defects, along with healthy individuals as a control group. Clinical data were collected, and serum levels of Sirt6 and NOX2 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Correlations between serum Sirt6 and NOX2 levels and clinical parameters were analyzed. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing disease severity, and the diagnostic efficacy of serum Sirt6 and NOX2 levels was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves. RESULTS:A total of 120 patients with primary glaucoma(58 males, 62 females, mean age 60.08±8.19 y)and 100 controls(46 males, 56 females, mean age 60.23±8.67 y)were enrolled in this study. There were no statistically significant differences in sex or age between the two groups(both P>0.05). The intraocular pressure and serum NOX2 expression level in the primary glaucoma group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the Sirt6 level was significantly lower than in the control group(all P<0.001). The AUC values of serum Sirt6 and NOX2 in the diagnosis of primary glaucoma were 0.733 and 0.770, respectively, with optimal cutoff values of 2.35 and 4.25 ng/mL, respectively. The AUC of the combined diagnosis of the two was 0.901, and its efficacy was obviously better than that of a single indicator(Zcombination-Sirt6=5.317, Zcombination-NOX2=4.720, P<0.001).The severe group had lower serum Sirt6 expression levels(P<0.05), and higher NOX2 expression levels(P<0.05)than the mild-to-moderate group. Serum Sirt6 expression levels were prominently negatively correlated with mean intraocular pressure(r=-0.354, P<0.05); NOX2 expression levels were prominently positively correlated with mean intraocular pressure(r=0.240, P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that a decrease in serum Sirt6 expression levels(OR=0.229, 95%CI: 0.090-0.581), an increase in serum NOX2 expression levels(OR=2.649, 95%CI: 1.658-4.232), an increase in mean intraocular pressure(OR=1.278, 95%CI: 1.118-1.462)which were risk factors for the progression to severe glaucoma. The AUC values of serums Sirt6 and NOX2 expression levels in diagnosing severe primary glaucoma were 0.794 and 0.800, respectively, the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of the combined diagnosis of the two were 0.916, 80.00%, and 89.33%, respectively, and the combined diagnostic efficacy was better than that of a single indicator(Zcombination-Sirt6=2.627, P=0.009, Zcombination-NOX2=2.762, P=0.006). CONCLUSION:The decreased serum Sirt6 and increased NOX2 expression levels in patients with primary glaucoma are significantly correlated with disease severity, and the combined detection demonstrates good diagnostic value for primary glaucoma and its severity.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the disease experience and inner needs of young and middle-aged patients with end-stage renal disease, so as to provide evidence for medical personnel to pay more attention to the mental health of this population and give personalized care.Methods:The qualitative studies on the real experience, psychological feeling and experience of young and middle-aged patients with end-stage renal disease were searched by PsycInfo, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Network, Wanfang, VIP and China Biomedical Literature Database. The retrieval period was from the establishment of the database to April 20, 2024. Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-based Health Care Center Evaluation criteria (2016 edition) were used to evaluate the literature quality, and the results were summarized and integrated by aggregative meta-integration method.Results:A total of 10 studies were included, and 47 clear findings were extracted and classified into 10 new categories, which were combined into 4 integrated results: the phased changes of patients′ real experience at all levels of body, mind and society, impairment of their own and family role functions, desire for support and lack of autonomy in decision-making, and reconstruction of positive attitude and future outlook in the face of disease.Conclusions:Nursing staff should pay attention to and understand the psychosocial conditions of young and middle-aged patients with end-stage renal disease, timely provide targeted psychological support and help to enhance their confidence in treatment, better return to work and society, and improve their quality of life.

Objective To investigate predictive factors of malignant risk for follicular thyroid neoplasms(FTN)with a maximum diameter≤4 cm,providing evidence for preoperative diagnosis and individualized treatment for FTN patients.Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of FTN patients with a maximum tumor diameter≤4 cm treated at our hospital between January 2018 and December 2023.Based on postoperative pathological diagnosis,the patients were divided into follicular thyroid carcinoma(FTC)group and follicular thyroid adenoma(FTA)group.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore predictive factors of malignant risk of FTN.Results A total of 870 patients were included,comprising of 745 patients(85.6%)in the FTA group and125 patients(14.4%)in the FTC group.The univariate analysis showed thatage,gender,BMI,comorbidity of Hashimoto's thyroiditis,number and location of nodules,the maximum diameter of nodules,internal structure of nodules,and internal blood flow signals had no significant differences(P>0.05),while nodule echogenicity,margins,halo,taller-than-wide shape,and calcification had significant differences(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that irregular margins(OR=3.061,95%CI:1.653-5.667,P=0.000),uneven thickness of the halo(OR=5.868,95%CI:1.258-27.377,P=0.024),and peripheral rim calcification(OR=4.364,95%CI:1.329-14.333,P=0.015)were predictive factors of malignant risk for FTC.Conclusions Ultrasound features have certain value for evaluating benign or malignant nature of FTN.Careful assessment of nodule margins,halo,and calcification can facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of small FTN.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the disease experience and inner needs of young and middle-aged patients with end-stage renal disease, so as to provide evidence for medical personnel to pay more attention to the mental health of this population and give personalized care.Methods:The qualitative studies on the real experience, psychological feeling and experience of young and middle-aged patients with end-stage renal disease were searched by PsycInfo, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Network, Wanfang, VIP and China Biomedical Literature Database. The retrieval period was from the establishment of the database to April 20, 2024. Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-based Health Care Center Evaluation criteria (2016 edition) were used to evaluate the literature quality, and the results were summarized and integrated by aggregative meta-integration method.Results:A total of 10 studies were included, and 47 clear findings were extracted and classified into 10 new categories, which were combined into 4 integrated results: the phased changes of patients′ real experience at all levels of body, mind and society, impairment of their own and family role functions, desire for support and lack of autonomy in decision-making, and reconstruction of positive attitude and future outlook in the face of disease.Conclusions:Nursing staff should pay attention to and understand the psychosocial conditions of young and middle-aged patients with end-stage renal disease, timely provide targeted psychological support and help to enhance their confidence in treatment, better return to work and society, and improve their quality of life.

Objective To explore the impact of nausea and vomiting management program based on shared decision-making on post-transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)nausea and vomiting in liver cancer patients.Methods A shared decision-making aid was designed,and nausea and vomi-ting management program was developed.A total of 100 liver cancer patients who underwent TACE treatment in the Department of Interventional Radiology at Nantong Third People's Hospital from Janu-ary to December 2023 were selected as study subjects.The control group(admitted from January to June 2023)received routine TACE perioperative nursing care,while the experimental group(admit-ted from July to December 2023)implemented the nausea and vomiting management program in addi-tion to routine care.The incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting within 24 hours post-surgery,as well as the vomiting-related functional living index,quality of life,and self-efficacyin decision-making before and after the intervention were compared between the two groups.Results Within 24 hours post-surgery,the incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).After the in-tervention,the total and dimensional scores of the Quality of Life in Liver Cancer(QOL-LC)scale and the vomiting-related functional living index in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Additionally,the self-decision-making efficacy score in the experimental group was higher after the intervention than before intervention and higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The nausea and vomiting management program based on shared decision-making can effectively reduce the incidence and severity of post-TACE nausea and vomiting in liver cancer patients,and improve their quality of life,vomiting-related functional living index,and self-decision-making efficacy.

Objective To explore the mechanism by which Liqi Huoxue Dripping Pill(LQHXDP)inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI).Methods Male Sprague-Dawley(n=96)rats were randomly assigned to a normal,sham-operated,model,LQHXDP,adenovirus negative control(Ad-shNC),adenovirus-mediated HIF-1α knockdown(Ad-shHIF-1α),LQHXDP+Ad-shNC,or LQHXDP+Ad-shHIF-1α group using a random number table.LQHXDP was administered daily via oral gavage at 175.0 mg/(kg·d)for 10 consecutive days.On day 7,recombinant adenovirus was injected into the left ventricular wall of rats in the corresponding groups at multiple points.On day 10,the MIRI model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery.The sham-operated group underwent thoracotomy and suture placement without coronary ligation.Samples were collected after reperfusion was completed.Serum creatine kinase isoenzymes(CK-MB),cardiac troponin I(cTnI),and heart-type fatty acid binding protein(H-FABP)levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to measure the volume ratio of myocardial infarction.HE staining was performed to observe the morphology of myocardial tissue.Terminal transferase uridyl nick end labeling assay was conducted to analyze the apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes,and Western blotting was used to detect the expression of key proteins in the apoptosis(B-cell lymphoma-2[Bcl-2],Bcl-2 associated X protein[Bax],and cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3[Cleaved-Caspase-3]and HIF-1α/Bcl-2-adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting protein 3(BNIP3)signaling pathway(HIF-1α,heme oxygenase-1[HO-1],and BNIP3).Results LQHXDP pretreatment significantly reduced serum CK-MB,cTnI,and H-FABP levels,as well as the myocardial infarction volume ratio in rats with MIRI.LQHXDP also improved myocardial tissue morphology,decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis,upregulated Bcl-2 protein expression,and downregulated Bax,Cleaved-Caspase-3,HIF-1α,HO-1,and BNIP3 protein expressions(P<0.05).However,adenovirus-mediated shRNA HIF-1α impaired the effects of LQHXDP pretreatment in attenuating myocardial injury and inhibiting apoptosis in MIRI rats(P<0.05).Conclusion LQHXDP reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis and protects rat myocardium from MIRI by regulating the HIF-1α/BNIP3 signaling pathway.

Objective To introduce the modeling method of pendulum-like modified rat abdominal heart heterotopic transplantation model and evaluate the quality of the model. Methods An operator without transplantation experience performed 15 consecutive models, recorded the time of each step, changes in body weight and modified Stanford scores, and calculated the surgical success rate, postoperative 1-week survival rate and technical success rate. Ultrasound examinations was performed in 1 week postoperatively. Results The times for donor heart acquisition, donor heart processing, recipient preparation and transplantation anastomosis were (14.3±1.4) min, (3.5±0.6) min, (13.6±2.1) min and (38.3±5.2) min respectively. The surgical success rate was 87% (13/15), and the survival rate 1 week after operative was 100% (13/13). The improved Stanford score indicated a technical success rate of 92% (12/13), and the postoperative 1-week ultrasound examination showed that grafts with Stanford scores ≥3 had detectable pulsation and blood flow signals. Conclusions The pendulum-like modified rat abdominal heart heterotopic transplantation improved model further optimizes the operational steps with a high success rate and stable quality, may be chosen as a modeling option for basic research in heart transplantation in the future.

To solve the safety problems caused by the restriction of interaction space and the singular configuration of rehabilitation robot in terminal traction upper limb rehabilitation training, a trajectory planning and tracking control scheme for rehabilitation training is proposed. The human-robot safe interaction space was obtained based on kinematics modeling and rehabilitation theory, and the training trajectory was planned based on the occupational therapy in rehabilitation medicine. The singular configuration of the rehabilitation robot in the interaction space was avoided by exponential adaptive damped least square method. Then, a nonlinear controller for the upper limb rehabilitation robot was designed based on the backstepping control method. Radial basis function neural network was used to approximate the robot model information online to achieve model-free control. The stability of the controller was proved by Lyapunov stability theory. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed singular avoidance control scheme.
Humans ; Upper Extremity ; Robotics/methods* ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Traction/methods* ; Algorithms

Objective To explore the mechanism by which Liqi Huoxue Dripping Pill(LQHXDP)inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI).Methods Male Sprague-Dawley(n=96)rats were randomly assigned to a normal,sham-operated,model,LQHXDP,adenovirus negative control(Ad-shNC),adenovirus-mediated HIF-1α knockdown(Ad-shHIF-1α),LQHXDP+Ad-shNC,or LQHXDP+Ad-shHIF-1α group using a random number table.LQHXDP was administered daily via oral gavage at 175.0 mg/(kg·d)for 10 consecutive days.On day 7,recombinant adenovirus was injected into the left ventricular wall of rats in the corresponding groups at multiple points.On day 10,the MIRI model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery.The sham-operated group underwent thoracotomy and suture placement without coronary ligation.Samples were collected after reperfusion was completed.Serum creatine kinase isoenzymes(CK-MB),cardiac troponin I(cTnI),and heart-type fatty acid binding protein(H-FABP)levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to measure the volume ratio of myocardial infarction.HE staining was performed to observe the morphology of myocardial tissue.Terminal transferase uridyl nick end labeling assay was conducted to analyze the apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes,and Western blotting was used to detect the expression of key proteins in the apoptosis(B-cell lymphoma-2[Bcl-2],Bcl-2 associated X protein[Bax],and cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3[Cleaved-Caspase-3]and HIF-1α/Bcl-2-adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting protein 3(BNIP3)signaling pathway(HIF-1α,heme oxygenase-1[HO-1],and BNIP3).Results LQHXDP pretreatment significantly reduced serum CK-MB,cTnI,and H-FABP levels,as well as the myocardial infarction volume ratio in rats with MIRI.LQHXDP also improved myocardial tissue morphology,decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis,upregulated Bcl-2 protein expression,and downregulated Bax,Cleaved-Caspase-3,HIF-1α,HO-1,and BNIP3 protein expressions(P<0.05).However,adenovirus-mediated shRNA HIF-1α impaired the effects of LQHXDP pretreatment in attenuating myocardial injury and inhibiting apoptosis in MIRI rats(P<0.05).Conclusion LQHXDP reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis and protects rat myocardium from MIRI by regulating the HIF-1α/BNIP3 signaling pathway.

Depressive disorder is a chronic, recurring, and potentially life-endangering neuropsychiatric disease. According to a report by the World Health Organization, the global population suffering from depression is experiencing a significant annual increase. Despite its prevalence and considerable impact on people, little is known about its pathogenesis. One major reason is the scarcity of reliable animal models due to the absence of consensus on the pathology and etiology of depression. Furthermore, the neural circuit mechanism of depression induced by various factors is particularly complex. Considering the variability in depressive behavior patterns and neurobiological mechanisms among different animal models of depression, a comparison between the neural circuits of depression induced by various factors is essential for its treatment. In this review, we mainly summarize the most widely used behavioral animal models and neural circuits under different triggers of depression, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for depression prevention.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Depressive Disorder/psychology* ; Humans ; Behavior, Animal/physiology* ; Nerve Net/physiopathology* ; Brain/physiopathology* ; Neural Pathways/physiopathology*