Amino acid metabolism plays a critical role in the progression and development of breast cancer. Cancer cells, including those in breast cancer, reprogram amino acid metabolism to meet the demands of rapid proliferation, survival, and immune evasion. This includes alterations in the uptake and utilization of amino acids, such as glutamine, serine, glycine, and arginine, which provide essential building blocks for biosynthesis, energy production, and redox homeostasis. Notably, the metabolic phenotypes of breast cancer cells vary across molecular subtypes and disease stages, emphasizing the need for patient stratification and personalized therapeutic strategies. Advances in multi-level diagnostics, including phenotyping and predictive tools, such as AI-based analysis and body fluid profiling, have highlighted the potential for tailoring treatments to individual metabolic profiles. Enzymes, such as glutaminase and serine hydroxymethyltransferase, often upregulated in breast cancer, represent promising therapeutic targets. Understanding the interplay between amino acid metabolism and breast cancer biology, alongside the integration of personalized medicine approaches, can uncover novel insights into tumor progression and guide the development of precision therapies. This review explores the metabolic pathways of amino acids in breast cancer, with a focus on their implications for personalized treatment strategies.
Humans ; Breast Neoplasms/therapy* ; Female ; Amino Acids/metabolism*

Lung transplantation has become the most effective treatment of end-stage lung diseases. Along with persistent optimization of lung transplantation technique and perioperative management, the short-term clinical efficacy after lung transplantation has been significantly improved, whereas the long-term clinical prognosis remains unoptimistic. Besides chronic lung allograft dysfunction, postoperative malignant tumors also threaten the long-term survival of the recipients. Common malignant tumors following lung transplantation include nonmelanoma skin cancer, posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease and lung cancer. After solid organ transplantation, a large majority of the recipients require lifelong immunosuppressive therapy. The intensity of immunosuppressive therapy for the lung transplant recipients is generally higher than other organ transplant recipients. Immunosuppression is the main factor which leads to the impairment of anti-tumor immune monitoring function and promotes the incidence and development of malignant tumors. In this article, the risk factors, prevention and treatment of the most common malignant tumors after lung transplantation were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors following lung transplantation.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of a hand hygiene culture program on hand hygiene compliance in a three grade A hospital .Methods:Direct observation methods were used to assess the hand hygiene compliance and hand hygiene quality .Results:After the hand hygiene culture program , the hand hygiene compliance rate and the hand hygiene accuracy rate of doctors raised from 30 .2%and 66 .7%to 65 .3%and 85 .8%.Those of the nur-ses raised from 52.2%and 80.0%to 87.6%and 93.3%.Conclusion:The hand hygiene program increased the hand hygiene compliance and reducing thd risk of hospital infection occurred .

AIM: To elucidate the cellular source of adrenomedullin (AM) in myocardial tissue, the effects of 5 substances on secretion of AM from cultured rat fibroblasts and myocytes were examined in this study. METHODS: Myocardial fibroblast and myocyte isolation and culture; AM was measured by radioimmunoassay; AM receptors were assayed by radioactive analysis method. RESULTS:Tumor necrosis factor ? (TNF?), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) all could stimulate AM synthesis and secretion in myocardial Fb and myocyte , and the amount of AM secreted by Fb was greater than that by myocytes, whereas transforming growth factor-?(TGF?),and interferon-?(IFN?) suppressed in it in myocardial Fb and myocytes. Myocardial Fb has two kinds of AM binding sites, but myocyte has only one high affinity- binding site.CONCLUSIOIN:Myocardial fibroblasts could synthesize and secrete AM, and there are AM receptors in both myocardial fibroblasts and myocytes.