Ergothioneine is a natural antioxidant known for its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. It has been applied in various sectors such as food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Edible fungi, both wild and cultivated, stand as the primary natural sources capable of synthesizing ergothioneine. This paper reviews the research progress in the content, physiological functions, extraction and detection methods, synthetic genes and pathways, mycelium fermentation, and engineering strain construction for ergothioneine production. The aim is to provide a comprehensive reference for advancing the research and industrial development related to ergothioneine in edible fungi.
Ergothioneine/isolation & purification* ; Fungi/genetics* ; Antioxidants/metabolism* ; Fermentation

Objective To investigate the knowledge and attitude of clinical nurses on Panvascular Disease(PVD)care in Zhejiang Province,and to analyze the influencing factors,so as to provide references for constructing a systematic PVD training program.Methods The convenient sampling method was used to investigate 454 nurses from 36 general hospitals in 11 prefectures and cities in Zhejiang Province in June 2024 with a self-designed questionnaire on general information and a questionnaire on PVD nursing knowledge and attitude questionnaire,and multiple stepwise linear regression was used to analyze the impact factors.Results 452 valid questionnaires were collected and the valid recovery rate was 99.56％.Nurses scored(8.57±2.02)in knowledge dimension,(60.82±6.45)in attitude dimension.The results of multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that hospital grade was the factor influencing the score of nurses'knowledge towards PVD nursing in Zhejiang Province(P＜0.05).Hospital grade,whether they had received systematic knowledge training related to PVD were the factors influencing the score of nurses'attitude towards PVD nursing(P＜0.05).Conclusion Nurses in Zhejiang Province are positive about PVD nursing,but their knowledge level needs to be improved.Nursing managers should pay full attention to the training intention of clinical nurses,establish a PVD knowledge training system,and strengthen the theoretical and practical training of clinical nurses on PVD nursing,so as to promote the development of PVD nursing work.

Objective To investigate the knowledge and attitude of clinical nurses on Panvascular Disease(PVD)care in Zhejiang Province,and to analyze the influencing factors,so as to provide references for constructing a systematic PVD training program.Methods The convenient sampling method was used to investigate 454 nurses from 36 general hospitals in 11 prefectures and cities in Zhejiang Province in June 2024 with a self-designed questionnaire on general information and a questionnaire on PVD nursing knowledge and attitude questionnaire,and multiple stepwise linear regression was used to analyze the impact factors.Results 452 valid questionnaires were collected and the valid recovery rate was 99.56％.Nurses scored(8.57±2.02)in knowledge dimension,(60.82±6.45)in attitude dimension.The results of multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that hospital grade was the factor influencing the score of nurses'knowledge towards PVD nursing in Zhejiang Province(P＜0.05).Hospital grade,whether they had received systematic knowledge training related to PVD were the factors influencing the score of nurses'attitude towards PVD nursing(P＜0.05).Conclusion Nurses in Zhejiang Province are positive about PVD nursing,but their knowledge level needs to be improved.Nursing managers should pay full attention to the training intention of clinical nurses,establish a PVD knowledge training system,and strengthen the theoretical and practical training of clinical nurses on PVD nursing,so as to promote the development of PVD nursing work.

Objective To analyzes the current status and hot spots of nursing of adverse drug reactions in chemotherapy for cancer patients,and provides reference for future research.Methods Literature related to the nursing of chemotherapy adverse drug reactions in cancer patients from 2018 to 2022 was retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang and VIP databases,and statistical analysis was conducted using bibliometrics.CiteSpace information visualization software was used to describe and analyze high-frequency keywords and to describe their graphs.Results A total of 1112 literatures were included,distributed in 256 domestic journals,and 537 literatures were co-authored,with a co-authored rate of 48.29％.Gastrointestinal reaction,cancer-induced fatigue,traditional Chinese medicine nursing,evidence-based nursing,negative emotion are the hot issues in this field.Conclusion The future nursing intervention for adverse reactions of cancer patients should adopt evidence-based nursing method to develop intervention programs.The research in this field has the problems of small sample size and single institution.It is suggested that the cooperation between authors and institutions should be strengthened in the future research,so as to build a closer cooperation network and a stable cooperation group.To construct nursing intervention plan and effect evaluation criteria suitable for nursing of adverse reactions of chemotherapy drugs in cancer patients.To ensure the safety of the intervention process,we should actively carry out multidisciplinary collaboration.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of total glucosides of paeony （TGP） on neurotoxicity induced by aqueous extract of Strychni Semen （SA） in mice and to explore its mechanism. MethodThirty-two male KM mice were randomly divided into normal group，SA group （19.5 mg·kg^-1），TGP group （225 mg·kg^-1），and SA+TGP group （SA 19.5 mg·kg^-1+TGP 225 mg·kg^-1）. The open field test and beam walking test were used to observe the behavioral changes in mice. Pathological changes in the Nissl bodies of the cerebral cortex were assessed through Nissl staining. The levels of malondialdehyde （MDA），glutamate （Glu） in the mouse brain tissue，and serum levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Transcriptome sequencing was employed to analyze gene expression profiles in the brain tissue. Common differentially expressed genes （DEGs） underwent gene ontology （GO） and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） enrichment analyses. The mRNA expression levels of key targets were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultCompared with the normal group，the SA group exhibited significant increases in side-to-side distance and average speed in the open field test，as well as increased walking time on the balance beam. The axons of cortical neurons were absent，and the levels of Glu and MDA in the brain tissue were significantly elevated （P<0.05，P<0.01），along with a notable increase in serum 5-HT levels （P<0.05）. In contrast to the SA group，the SA+TGP group significantly reduced the side-to-side distance，average speed，and balance beam walking time （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. The neuronal axons were clearly visible，and levels of 5-HT，Glu，and MDA were decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Transcriptome analysis indicated that TGP could regulate the glutamate receptor，ionotropic，N-methyl-D-aspartate 2a （GRIN2A）/phospholipase C β₁ （PLCB1）/protein kinase C，gamma （PRKCG） signaling pathway. Compared with the normal group，SA significantly decreased the expression of GRIN2A，PLCB1，and PRKCG genes in the mouse brain （P<0.01），while the mRNA levels of GRIN2A and PRKCG significantly increased after TGP administration （P<0.05，P<0.01）. ConclusionSA induces significant neurotoxicity in the mouse brain，and TGP significantly alleviates SA-induced neurological damage，potentially through the GRIN2A/PLCB1/PRKCG signaling pathway.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of the preventive device for foot stress injury in bedridden patients with stroke.Methods A total of 166 patients with stroke who were hospitalized in the department of intensive care unit(ICU)of Hangzhou First People's Hospital from March 2021 to March 2022 were selected as the study subjects.The experimental design of the quantitative study was adopted,and the patients were divided into the control group(ICU 4th floor patients)and the observation group(ICU 5th floor patients)according to the different ward of ICU,with 83 cases in each group.Nurses were also grouped according to this method(41 in observation group,43 in control group).Both groups received conventional treatment and nursing care to prevent pressure injury.The control group was depressurized by sponge ring or existing pillow,and the foot sagging was prevented by T-shoe lined towel.The observation group used the self-designed and developed foot pressure injury prevention device for bedridden patients.The incidence of foot stress injury and foot drop,as well as the satisfaction of patients with using the preventive device for foot stress and the satisfaction of nurses with operating the preventive device for foot stress were observed.Results The incidence of foot pressure injury and foot drop in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group[incidence of foot pressure injury:3.61%(3/83)vs.8.43%(7/83),the incidence of foot drop:9.64%(8/83)vs.16.87%(14/83),both P<0.05].The satisfaction of patients in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group[91.6%(76/83)vs.79.5%(66/83),P<0.05],and nurse satisfaction in the observation group was higher than that in the control group[95.1%(39/41)vs.86.0%(37/43)],but there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The foot stress injury prevention device is suitable for patients with severe stroke in bed,which can effectively reduce the incidence of stress injury and foot drop,improve the satisfaction of patients and operators,and is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective:To retrieve, evaluate and integrate the relevant evidence of prevention of lower limb ischemic complications in venous-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) patients, and provide reference for the development of scientific and complete prevention and management of lower limb ischemic complications.Methods:According to the evidence-based methodology, clinical decisions, guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summary, systematic review, randomized controlled trials and experimental studies related to lower limb ischemia complications in VA-ECMO patients were searched from CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, Cochrane Library and other domestic and foreign databases as well as relevant professional websites. The literature search period was from the establishment of the database to August 2023. Two researchers independently evaluated the literature quality, and then extracted and summarized the evidence according to the theme.Results:A total of 27 004 articles were obtained in the preliminary search, and 11 articles were finally included after screening, including 1 guide, 2 expert consensus, 2 systematic reviews and 6 original studies. Through literature reading, evidence extraction and classification, and expert group meetings, a total of 24 best evidences were concluded in four dimensions, including team training and management, VA-ECMO pre-computer evaluation, VA-ECMO catheter selection, and the monitoring and management of lower limb ischemia.Conclusions:This study summarized the best evidence for the prevention of lower limb ischemia complications associated with VA-ECMO patients, and can provide reference for healthcare providers in clinical practice. In order to ensure the safety of VA-ECMO treatment and reduce the incidence of related complications, healthcare professionals should carefully select and apply evidence according to the clinical context and patients′ wishes.

Objective To establish a project team to assess and manage the risk of out-of-town transport of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)patients using the healthcare failure mode and effects analysis(HFMEA),analyze the effectiveness of its application,and develop targeted improvement measures and processes.Methods Patients with ECMO who were treated in the department of intensive care unit(ICU)of Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine March 2020 to September 2021 were selected as the study subjects.By comparing the differences in the accuracy of ECMO transport risk assessment,the rate of fixation against catheter slippage,the incidence of adverse transport events between the two groups before and after HFMEA,and the application effect of this model in ECMO transport adverse event risk management was evaluated.Results A total of 48 ECMO patients were enrolled,and 42 times of out-of-home transfers were performed,including 22 before HFMEA and 20 after HFMEA.Compared with pre-HFMEA,the accuracy of ECMO transport risk assessment[95.00%(19/20)vs.54.55%(12/22),P＜0.05]and the compliance rate of catheter slip fixation[100.00%(20/20)vs.68.18%(15/22),P＜0.05]in patients after HFMEA were significantly increased,the incidence of adverse events in transport was significantly lower[5.00%(1/20)vs.40.91%(9/22),P＜0.05].Conclusion The application of HFMEA in the risk management of ECMO transshipment adverse events is beneficial to standardize the prevention of ECMO transshipment accidents,effectively reduce the incidence of transshipment adverse events,and ensure patient safety.

At present,the routine back cleaning and massage device used by patients in the rehabilitation period is large and expensive.It requires good muscle strength on at least one side of the limb and the assistance of others to complete it,which inevitably exposes privacy.Based on the above factors,nursing staff of Department of Critical Care Medicine,Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital,School of Medicine,Westlake University designed a simple type of back cleaning massage device for patients with upper limb mobility disorder,and obtained a national utility model patent(patent number:ZL 2015 20737148.9).The device is composed of U-shaped handle,base,brush head,massage head,U-shaped grip,etc.The device is simple to operate and has low production cost.It can not only play the role of cleaning the back,but also massage and stimulate the back skin,suitable for stroke patients in ordinary families.

Deep venipuncture catheterization is a routine and basic operation in the treatment of critically ill patients, and it is the most effective way to quickly correct the shock. Clinical B-ultrasound guided deep vein catheters can improve the success rate of puncture, but in the process of operation, the short axis needs to be replaced by the long axis. In the replacement process, the stability of the novice is insufficient, the positioning is difficult, and the operation time is too long. If only short axis puncture is used, it is impossible to know whether the current position of the puncture needle, and the puncture may be too deep and stray into the artery. The accuracy of the 45 degree angle of the injection point requires a very experienced operator. In view of the above shortcomings, doctors in the department of critical care medicine of Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine designed a B-ultrasound puncture equipment, which has obtained the National Invention Patent of China (ZL 2016 1 0571557.X). The device is composed of B-ultrasound probe fixing frame, sliding scale plate, simulation slide rule, puncture needle, sliding device. By sliding device the angle of the pinhole channel, it is conducive to the accurate positioning of the puncture target, optimizing the operation procedure, improving the puncture speed and accuracy, effectively reducing the occurrence of puncture complications, ensuring patient safety, reducing unnecessary waste of human and material resources. It can reduce the workload of medical staff and is worthy of clinical practice.
Humans ; Catheterization, Central Venous/methods* ; Ultrasonography, Interventional/methods* ; Ultrasonography ; Punctures/methods* ; Needles