AIM: To predict diabetic retinopathy(DR)progression through macular layer thickness in diabetic patients detected by optical coherence tomography(OCT).METHODS: Retrospective study. The clinical data of 100 cases(200 eyes)of diabetic patients admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to September 2024 were collected. According to the international clinical DR classification, they were divided into the non-diabetic retinopathy(NDR)group with 32 cases(64 eyes), the non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)group with 38 cases(76 eyes), and the proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)group with 30 cases(60 eyes). At the same time, 49 cases(98 eyes)of healthy controls whose age and gender were matched with those of the diabetic patients were collected as the normal group. All patients underwent OCT examination. The thickness changes of the retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL), ganglion cell layer(GCL), inner plexiform layer(IPL), outer nuclear layer(ONL), photoreceptor cell layer and total retinal thickness(RT)in the subregions of the macular area were compared among the groups. The Eta coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between them and the severity of DR.RESULTS: The thickness of RNFL, GCL, IPL, ONL and photoreceptor cell layer in each sub-region and the average of macular area in the PDR group was significantly lower than that in the NDR and normal groups, while the average RT thickness was significantly higher than that in the NPDR, NDR and normal groups(all P<0.05). The thickness of RNFL(central area, upper inner and outer rings and lower inner and outer rings and average), GCL(upper inner and outer rings and lower inner and outer rings and average), IPL(upper inner ring), ONL(central, upper inner ring and lower inner ring)and photoreceptor cell layer(upper inner and outer rings and lower inner and outer rings and average)in macular area of the PDR group was significantly thicker than that in the NPDR group(all P<0.05). The thickness of RNFL, GCL, IPL, ONL and photoreceptor cell layer in each sub-region and the average of macular area in the NPDR group was significantly lower than that in the NDR and normal groups, while the average RT thickness was significantly thicker than that in the NDR and normal groups(all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the above indicators between the NDR group and the normal group(all P>0.05). The severity of DR was significantly correlated with the average thickness of RNFL, GCL, IPL, ONL, photoreceptor cell layer and RT in macular area(all P<0.001).CONCLUSION: OCT measurement of the thickness of RNFL, GCL, IPL, ONL, photoreceptor cell layer and RT in the macular area in the diabetic patients can evaluate the progression of DR.

Penicillin G acylases (PGAs) are industrially important enzymes primarily used for the synthesis of first- and second-generation cephalosporins or penicillins. This study aims to establish a high-efficiency biosynthetic system for cefradine on the purpose of significantly enhancing its catalytic efficiency in cefradine synthesis and developing its potentials for industrial application. In this study, we identified and engineered penicillin G acylase and obtained a highly active mutant KsPGA M7(M168F/F313G) for the synthesis of cefradine. The mutant achieved a conversion rate over 95% in the scaled-up reaction. To validate its industrial applicability, we immobilized both the wild-type and mutant enzymes and applied them in continuous flow reactions, which achieved a space-time yield of 2 800 g/(L·d). This study lays a foundation for the future applications of penicillin G acylases in the industrial synthesis of cefradine.
Penicillin Amidase/biosynthesis* ; Protein Engineering/methods* ; Cephradine/metabolism* ; Escherichia coli/metabolism* ; Enzymes, Immobilized/metabolism* ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis*

Endo-periodontal lesions(EPLs)involve both the periodontium and pulp tissue and have complicated etiologies and pathogenic mechanisms,including unique anatomical and microbiological characteristics and multiple contributing factors.This etiological complexity leads to difficulties in determining patient prognosis,posing great challenges in clinical practice.Furthermore,EPL-affected teeth require multidisciplinary therapy,including periodontal therapy,endodontic therapy and others,but there is still much debate about the appropriate timing of periodontal therapy and root canal therapy.By compiling the most recent findings on the etiology,pathogenesis,clinical characteristics,diagnosis,therapy,and prognosis of EPL-affected teeth,this consensus sought to support clinicians in making the best possible treatment decisions based on both biological and clinical evidence.

Objective:To explore the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiac rehabilitation in patients after heart transplantation.Methods:According to the search terms, the search was conducted on China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, WanFang Data, China Biology Medicine disc, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and EBSCO. The search time limit was from the establishment of the database to January 31, 2022. After 2 researchers screened the article, extracted information, and evaluated the quality, a Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 software.Results:According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 English articles were selected, including 191 patients in the intervention group and 212 patients in the control group, with a total of 403 patients. Meta-analysis showed that during cardiac rehabilitation exercise in patients after heart transplantation, HIIT could improve peak oxygen uptake in cardiopulmonary function exercise testing [ MD=1.98, 95% confidence interval ( CI) (0.55, 3.41), P=0.007], peak heart rate in chronotropic responses [ MD=6.93, 95% CI (2.62, 11.24), P=0.002], and muscle exercise ability [ MD=337.18, 95% CI (12.02, 62.35), P=0.04]. There was no statistically significant difference in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, peak systolic blood pressure, peak diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate and respiratory exchange rate between the two groups ( P>0.05). A subgroup analysis of peak oxygen uptake was conducted based on the intervention period and the start time of rehabilitation exercise after heart transplantation. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in peak oxygen uptake between the intervention group and the control group when the intervention period was ≤ 12 weeks or the start time was > 6 weeks ( P<0.01) . Conclusions:HIIT effectively improves the peak oxygen uptake, peak heart rate, and muscle exercise activity of patients after heart transplantation. HIIT has a significant impact on peak oxygen uptake when the rehabilitation exercise start time after heart transplantation is > 6 weeks or the intervention period is ≤ 12 weeks.

A 69-year-old female patient with diabetes mellitus was scheduled to undergo angiography of head because of acute cerebral infarction. When iopromide injection-370 was injected intravenously with a high-pressure syringe before operation, the contrast medium extravasated at the injection site of her right hand, resulting in severe subcutaneous hematoma, tissue necrosis, and infection. The maximum area of extravasation wound extended to 6.0 cm × 7.0 cm. Therapies such as local wet compress with cold 50% magnesium sulfate and dexamethasone, daily debridement and dressing change, and external application of hydrogel, silver containing hydrophilic foam, and hydrocolloid were given. On day 14 after extravasation, the necrotic tissue of the wound gradually fell off and the wound began to heal. Then the wound healed on day 35 after extravasation.

A 69-year-old female patient with diabetes mellitus was scheduled to undergo angiography of head because of acute cerebral infarction. When iopromide injection-370 was injected intravenously with a high-pressure syringe before operation, the contrast medium extravasated at the injection site of her right hand, resulting in severe subcutaneous hematoma, tissue necrosis, and infection. The maximum area of extravasation wound extended to 6.0 cm × 7.0 cm. Therapies such as local wet compress with cold 50% magnesium sulfate and dexamethasone, daily debridement and dressing change, and external application of hydrogel, silver containing hydrophilic foam, and hydrocolloid were given. On day 14 after extravasation, the necrotic tissue of the wound gradually fell off and the wound began to heal. Then the wound healed on day 35 after extravasation.

Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) directly applies to postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Patients underwent bilateral ovariectomy or ≥60 years were acknowledged as postmenopausal.Alternatively, for <60 years breast cancer patients, sex hormone detection to evaluate menopause is recommended by National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guideline, textbooks, and AIs clinical trials.However, series of clinical trial found that, a broad overlap region of follicle stimulating hormone and estradiol appeared between premenopausal and postmenopausal patients, which unable to determine the menopause even with sensitivity promotion of detection equipment or manners.We have abandon this detection in clinical treatment, and decision making was only according to the relapse risk and disease status. We recommend bilateral ovariectomy resection accompanied with AIs for breast cancer patients with high recurrence risk (e.g. T3-4 or LNM≥4) or patients with advanced metastatic disease.However, patients with low or moderate recurrence risk can be treated with tamoxifen.

Aromatase inhibitors ( AIs) directly applies to postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Patients underwent bilateral ovariectomy or ≥60 years were acknowledged as postmenopausal.Alternatively, for ＜60 years breast cancer patients, sex hormone detection to evaluate menopause is recommended by National Comprehensive Cancer Network ( NCCN) guideline, textbooks, and AIs clinical trials.However, series of clinical trial found that, a broad overlap region of follicle stimulating hormone and estradiol appeared between premenopausal and postmenopausal patients, which unable to determine the menopause even with sensitivity promotion of detection equipment or manners.We have abandon this detection in clinical treatment, and decision making was only according to the relapse risk and disease status. We recommend bilateral ovariectomy resection accompanied with AIs for breast cancer patients with high recurrence risk (e. g. T3?4 or LNM≥4) or patients with advanced metastatic disease.However, patients with low or moderate recurrence risk can be treated with tamoxifen.

Aromatase inhibitors ( AIs) directly applies to postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Patients underwent bilateral ovariectomy or ≥60 years were acknowledged as postmenopausal.Alternatively, for ＜60 years breast cancer patients, sex hormone detection to evaluate menopause is recommended by National Comprehensive Cancer Network ( NCCN) guideline, textbooks, and AIs clinical trials.However, series of clinical trial found that, a broad overlap region of follicle stimulating hormone and estradiol appeared between premenopausal and postmenopausal patients, which unable to determine the menopause even with sensitivity promotion of detection equipment or manners.We have abandon this detection in clinical treatment, and decision making was only according to the relapse risk and disease status. We recommend bilateral ovariectomy resection accompanied with AIs for breast cancer patients with high recurrence risk (e. g. T3?4 or LNM≥4) or patients with advanced metastatic disease.However, patients with low or moderate recurrence risk can be treated with tamoxifen.

Objective To explore the effect of prognosis of consolidation radiotherapy for patients after R0 resection of local recurrence after radical mastectomy. Methods Totally 110 breast cancer patients with local recurrence receiving R0 resection were admitted and treated in our hospital from January 1st, 2003 to November 30th, 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The median local progression time of 74 patients receiving consolidation radiotherapy ( 67.3％) was remarkably better than that of those without radiotherapy(36 patients, 32.7％), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =8. 526, P<0.05). Meanwhile, there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) of distance disease-free survival and overall survival between the radiotherapy group and the non-radiotherapy group. Multifactor analysis indicated that pseudo-adjuvant endocrine therapy (χ2 =7.541,95％CI:27.1％ -80.4％, P <0.05), DDFS(≥2 years vs. <2 years,χ2 =4.068,95％CI:101.4％ -267％,P<0. 05) and pseudo-adjuvant radiotherapy(χ2 =14.126, 95％CI:21.7％ -80.4％, P <0. 05 ) were the independent risk factors affecting the OS of patients with local recurrence after R0 resection. Conclusions For the patients with local recurrence after R0 resection of local recurrence, it is recommended that consolidation radiotherapy should be done and the radiation field should include the same side of the chest wall and clavicle area lymphatic drainage area.