ObjectiveThis paper aims to analyze the variety characteristics and prescription patterns of marketed traditional Chinese patent medicines for treating abortion and provide references for new medicine development and clinical application. MethodsRelevant information of traditional Chinese patent medicines for treating abortion was systematically retrieved and collected. Microsoft Excel 2021 software was used to sort and statistically analyze the medicine syndrome types， quantity， market situation， and status of package inserts. Based on the Ancient and Modern Medical Case Cloud Platform （V2.3.9）， the medicine properties， flavors， meridian tropism， and medication characteristics of standardized prescriptions were analyzed. ResultsA total of 39 marketed traditional Chinese patent medicines for treating abortion in China were included. According to disease type， these medicines were categorized as therapeutic medicines for threatened abortion and recurrent spontaneous abortion. According to clinical function， they were categorized into three groups： fetus stabilization， blood nourishment， and adjunctive conditioning. They were also categorized into pre-pregnancy conditioning and post-pregnancy fetal maintenance by clinical intervention stage. Post-marketing research showed that only three products had undergone safety evaluations and one involved pharmacoeconomic research， indicating a general lack of standardized evidence-based data. Dosage forms were mainly pills and granules. Package insert analysis revealed that 15 products listed "contraindications"， while 28 included "precautions". Based on prescription inclusion and exclusion criteria， 25 products were selected for further analysis. Their therapeutic effects were mainly concentrated on "tonifying the kidney and spleen， replenishing Qi， and nourishing blood"， with core medicines including Paeoniae Radix Alba， Angelicae Sinensis Radix， and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma. Most medicines were warm or neutral in nature， predominantly sweet and pungent in flavor， and mainly entered the spleen， liver， and kidney meridians. ConclusionTraditional Chinese patent medicines for treating abortion demonstrate clear clinical value. However， shortcomings remain， including insufficient post-marketing research， prescription homogeneity， and incomplete package inserts. Future efforts should establish a clinically value-oriented modern development pathway， strengthen safety surveillance and evidence evaluation， improve package inserts， and promote precision use to further enhance clinical value.

ObjectiveThis study aims to systematically review the marketed traditional Chinese patent medicines for treating chronic gastritis （CG） in China. By analyzing their variety characteristics and prescription patterns， it seeks to provide references for clinical syndrome differentiation-based drug selection， treatment method optimization， and the design of high-quality clinical research. MethodsInformation on marketed traditional Chinese patent medicines for treating CG was collected. Microsoft Excel software was used to collate and statistically analyze representative drugs for each pathological stage， market status， syndrome types， and other contents. The Ancient and Modern Medical Case Cloud Platform （V2.3.9） was employed to analyze the formula composition patterns of standardized prescriptions. ResultsA total of 141 marketed traditional Chinese patent medicines for treating CG in China were included. Based on the disease's pathological progression， they can be classified into drugs for non-atrophic gastritis， atrophic gastritis， and precancerous lesions. Post-marketing research reveals that relevant evaluation is only conducted on 17 drugs， of which 2 involve pharmacoeconomic studies and 14 possess standardized evidence-based evidence. The primary dosage forms were capsules， granules， and tablets. From the 100 prescriptions screened according to inclusion/exclusion criteria， the varieties indicated for the stomach collateral stasis syndrome in atrophic gastritis accounted for the highest proportion. The main efficacy distributions were clearing heat， detoxifying， and relieving pain by promoting Qi circulation. Core drugs included Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome， Paeoniae Radix Alba， and Aucklandiae Radix. Medicinal properties were predominantly warm and neutral. Flavors were mainly bitter， pungent， and sweet. The drugs primarily entered the spleen and stomach meridians. Analysis of the package inserts reveals that 67 products list "contraindications"， 110 include "precautions"， and 23 explicitly state "adverse reactions". ConclusionTraditional Chinese patent medicines for treating CG hold unique value in clinical practice. However， currently there are challenges such as insufficient clarity in syndrome type descriptions within package inserts and a relative lack of high-level evidence-based medical evidence， as well as pharmacoeconomic evaluations. Future efforts should focus on addressing these shortcomings by advancing research on syndrome characteristics and medication patterns based on syndrome differentiation， systematically conducting pharmacoeconomic evaluations， strengthening the accumulation of high-level evidence-based evidence， and， on this basis， improving patient medication adherence. This will comprehensively enhance the clinical application value and scientific connotation of this category of drugs.

ObjectiveThis study focused on the marketed Chinese patent medicines for the treatment of Functional Diarrhea （FDr） in China and their prescription characteristics， in order to provide support for the clinical application and research and development of anti-FDr Chinese patent medicines. MethodsCollect the information of Chinese patent medicines that have been marketed to treat FDr， use Microsoft Excel 2021 software to conduct preliminary data collation and statistical analysis， and use the ancient and modern medical record cloud platform （V2.3.9） to analyze the standardized Chinese patent medicine prescriptions from the aspects of drug nature and taste， medication characteristics and prescription rules. Results147 kinds of FDr Chinese patent medicines were included in this study. There are a total of 40 varieties of FDr Chinese patent medicines suitable for children； The distribution of dosage forms is mainly pills， tablets， and capsules. 110 prescriptions were screened， among which the proportion of Chinese patent medicines for the treatment of spleen deficiency syndrome was the highest； The top three drug use frequency were licorice， Atractylodes macrocephala， and Poria cocos； The medicinal properties are mainly warm and flat， and the medicinal taste is mostly pungent， sweet and bitter， and most of them belong to the two meridians of the spleen and stomach； The association rules analysis obtains 20 strong association pairing sets； Three drug combinations were obtained by cluster analysis. ConclusionFDr Chinese patent medicine shows unique value in clinical application， especially in the field of children. However， there are still problems such as strong professionalism in the indication expression of drug instructions， limited coverage of the medical insurance catalog， and lack of high-level evidence-based medicine and pharmacoeconomic evidence. To this end， in the future， efforts should be made to build a multi-level evidence-based evidence system， improve medication compliance， and deepen research on syndrome-based medication laws， so as to enhance the clinical application value and scientific connotation of FDr Chinese patent medicines.

ObjectiveTo study the marketed products and prescription characteristics of Chinese patent medicines for rheumatoid arthritis （RA） in China， thus providing support for clinical application and innovative research and development of Chinese patent medicines for RA. MethodsInformation on marketed Chinese patent medicines for RA treatment was collected. Preliminary data organization and statistical analysis were performed in Microsoft Excel 2021. Subsequently， the standardized prescriptions were analyzed via the Ancient and Modern Medical Case Cloud Platform （V2.3.9） across dimensions including medicinal properties， flavors， channel tropisms， usage characteristics， and formulation patterns. ResultsThis study ultimately included 311 marketed Chinese patent medicines for RA in China. Their initial market launch dates were mostly concentrated from the 1990s to the early 21st century. The National Basic Medical Insurance， Work-Related Injury Insurance， and Maternity Insurance Drug Directory included 89 Chinese patent medicines for RA. The primary dosage forms were tablets， capsules， medicated wines， and pills. After screening， 237 prescriptions were obtained， and the research on their origins was lagging. Among them， the Chinese patent medicines for treating wind-cold-dampness obstruction syndrome accounted for the highest proportion. The top three most frequently used medicinals were Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix， and Saposhnikoviae Radix. Medicinal properties were primarily warm and plain， and flavors were mostly pungent， sweet， and bitter. The medicinals predominantly exhibited the liver and spleen channel tropism. Association rule analysis revealed that the herb pairs with the highest confidence were Chuanxiong-Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Myrrha-Olibanum. Cluster analysis yielded three medicinal combinations. ConclusionAlthough Chinese patent medicines for RA have application advantages， issues such as narrow syndrome coverage and insufficient innovation in dosage forms exist. Future development should focus on constructing an evidence-based system， strengthening the textual research on prescription origins and the exploration of classical famous formulas， and promoting dosage form innovation and precise medication to enhance their clinical value.

To summarize the nursing experience of walking rehabilitation training assisted by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in 2 cases of heart or lung transplant patients before surgery.The main points of nursing care:to set up a multidisciplinary team to formulate a rehabilitation exercise program;phased rehabilitation exercise to improve the preparation of body functions before walking training;multi-dimensional safety management to prevent and deal with walking training-related complications;to strengthen the assessment and monitoring,and implement personalized nutritional programs;to carry out positive psychological interventions to alleviate the anxiety.After undergoing active treatment and care,and after 3 d and 6 d of walking exercise assisted by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,respectively,both of them finally underwent organ transplantation successfully,recovered well after the operation,and were transferred to the general ward to continue treatment.

The establishment of mouse models is critical for discovering the biological targets of tumorigenesis and cancer development, preclinical trials of targeted drugs, and formulation of personalized therapeutic regimens. Currently, the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model is considered a reliable animal tumor model because of its ability to retain the characteristics of the primary tumor at the histopathological, molecular, and genetic levels, and to preserve the tumor microenvironment. The application of the PDX model has promoted in-depth research on tumors in recent years, focusing on drug development, tumor target discovery, and precise treatment of patients. However, there are still some common questions. This review introduces the latest research progress and common questions regarding tumors with high mortality rates, focusing on their application in targeted drug screening and the formulation of personalized medical strategies. The challenges faced, improvement methods, and future development of the PDX model in tumor treatment applications are also discussed. This article provides technical guidance and comprehensive expectations for anti-cancer drug screening and clinical personalized therapy.

Objective To investigate prokaryotic expression of the antigen sequence (amino acids 59-145) of mouse leukemia-related protein 16 (LRP16) protein and preparation of rabbit anti-mouse LRP16 polyclonal antibody. Methods The prokaryotic expression plasmid pLS962-LRP16 was constructed by the molecular cloning method and transferred into E.coli Rosetta to express LRP16 protein induced by IPTG. The recombinant protein was purified using Ni-NTA affinity columns followed by gel filtration chromatography. New Zealand white rabbits were immunized with the purified antigen to generate polyclonal antiserum, with antibody titer quantified by ELISA. Antigen-specific IgG was affinity-purified using Sepharose-coupled LRP16 and validated through Western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Results SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed insoluble expression of the LRP16 fusion protein as inclusion bodies. ELISA demonstrated exceptional antiserum titer (1:256 000). Western blot and immunofluorescence verified that the polyclonal antibody could specifically recognize endogenous LRP16 in murine tissues. Conclusion The prokaryotic expression of the LRP16 gene is successfully achieved, and the rabbit anti-mouse LRP16 polyclonal antibody exhibiting high specificity is prepared. This lays the foundation for further studies on the function of the LRP16 gene.
Animals ; Rabbits ; Mice ; Antibodies/immunology* ; Escherichia coli/metabolism* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Blotting, Western ; Antibody Specificity

Ripple structure is widely used in space suits,and the predicted trajectory motion is realized according to its large deformation behavior.Due to the complexity of irregular bellows structure,the existing researches are mostly based on the display dynamic method,and lack the systematic analysis of geometric nonlinearity and the effect of shell section thickness under the framework of statics.This study combines statics and arc length method(Riks),introduces linear buckling mode defects,and analyzes the ultimate bending behavior of irregular bellows with different shell thicknesses.It is concluded that the thick-shell model exhibits higher apparent deformation tolerance due to geometric softening effect,and the contact force distribution between ripples can be accurately extracted by static analysis,which provides a basis for the inversion of external force loads.The deformation mode of bellows after introducing defects based on statics-Riks is proposed,and the control mechanism of shell section thickness on deformation path is revealed.

Ergothioneine is a natural antioxidant known for its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. It has been applied in various sectors such as food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Edible fungi, both wild and cultivated, stand as the primary natural sources capable of synthesizing ergothioneine. This paper reviews the research progress in the content, physiological functions, extraction and detection methods, synthetic genes and pathways, mycelium fermentation, and engineering strain construction for ergothioneine production. The aim is to provide a comprehensive reference for advancing the research and industrial development related to ergothioneine in edible fungi.
Ergothioneine/isolation & purification* ; Fungi/genetics* ; Antioxidants/metabolism* ; Fermentation

Penicillin G acylases (PGAs) are industrially important enzymes primarily used for the synthesis of first- and second-generation cephalosporins or penicillins. This study aims to establish a high-efficiency biosynthetic system for cefradine on the purpose of significantly enhancing its catalytic efficiency in cefradine synthesis and developing its potentials for industrial application. In this study, we identified and engineered penicillin G acylase and obtained a highly active mutant KsPGA M7(M168F/F313G) for the synthesis of cefradine. The mutant achieved a conversion rate over 95% in the scaled-up reaction. To validate its industrial applicability, we immobilized both the wild-type and mutant enzymes and applied them in continuous flow reactions, which achieved a space-time yield of 2 800 g/(L·d). This study lays a foundation for the future applications of penicillin G acylases in the industrial synthesis of cefradine.
Penicillin Amidase/biosynthesis* ; Protein Engineering/methods* ; Cephradine/metabolism* ; Escherichia coli/metabolism* ; Enzymes, Immobilized/metabolism* ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis*