Objective To develop and validate a deep learning model based on chest CT images to accurately distinguish between drug-resistant(DR-TB)and-sensitive tuberculosis(DS-TB).Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 722 cases of confirmed secondary tuberculosis admitted in our center from January 2019 to December 2022.According to the results of antimicrobial susceptibility test,they were divided into 357 DS-TB cases and 365 DR-TB cases.Pre-existing U-Net segmentation model was employed to segment the lung parenchyma regions in CT images.The dataset was randomly partitioned into a training set and a testing set in an 8:2 ratio.Six 3D deep learning architectures(3D Swin Transformer,3D ShuffleNet v2,3D ViT,3D MobileNet v2,3D DenseNet,and 3D ResNet18)were employed to evaluate the discriminative efficiency between DS-TB and DR-TB.Hyperparameters were optimized by five-fold cross-validation on the training set to construct the optimal model.The performance of the constructed model was assessed using area under the curve(AUC),sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV),negative predictive value(NPV),and F1-score.Six radiologists independently evaluated DR-TB identification on the test set,and their performance was compared with the best-performing deep learning model.Results The AUC value in DR-TB prediction was 0.583,0.704,0.698,0.758,0.736,and 0.841,respectively,for 3D Swin Transformer,3D ShuffleNet v2,3D ViT,3D MobileNet v2,3D DenseNet,and 3D ResNet18.The 3D ResNet18 model demonstrated optimal performance,achieving a sensitivity of 0.935(95%CI:0.880～0.987),a specificity of 0.642(95%CI:0.492～0.757),a PPV of 0.750(95%CI:0.663～0.835),an NPV of 0.896(95%CI:0.809～0.976),an AUC value of 0.841,and a F1-score of 0.832.The radiologists got a F1-score of 0.571,0.450,0.675,0.623,0.617 and 0.635,respectively,and the F1-score of the 3D ResNet18 model is all higher than that of the radiologists.The highest-performing radiologist achieved sensitivity,specificity,PPV and NPV of 0.701(95%CI:0.605～0.802),0.567(95%CI:0.447～0.684),0.651(95%CI:0.549～0.757),and 0.623(95%CI:0.500～0.754),with all these values lower than those of the 3D ResNet18 model(P<0.05).Class activation mapping showed that the 3D ResNet18 model could focus on key lesion areas.The class activation mapping demonstrated that the 3D ResNet18 model could effectively focus on critical lesion regions.Conclusion Our 3D ResNet18 model shows the best predictive performance in identifying DR-TB,and is expected to assist clinical diagnosis for DR-TB.

Tourette syndrome(TS)is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder.Acupuncture can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of TS patients.This article systematically summarized the clinical research status of acupuncture for the treatment of TS in recent years from the aspects of characteristic acupuncture methods,characteristic needles and comprehensive therapies,and put forward suggestions and prospects for systematically elaborating the peripheral-central mechanism of acupuncture for TS around the intestinal immunity and brain network mechanism in the future,so as to provide reference for optimizing clinical research and treatment.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of daratumumab (Dara) - combination regimens for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM).Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted. The clinical data of 34 patients with NDMM receiving treatment regimen including Dara from Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Huangdao Branch of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Taian City Central Hospital between April 2020 and March 2022 were retrospectively collected. The efficacy, survival and adverse reactions of patients were analyzed. Cox proportional risk model was used to analyze the factors affecting overall survival (OS) and minimal residual disease (MRD) turning negative.Results:Among 34 patients with NDMM, there were 19 males and 15 females, with 21 cases aged < 65 years and 13 cases aged ≥65 years. The median follow-up duration [ M ( Q1, Q3)] was 22 months (19 months, 26 months), the median of Dara treatment cycles was 7 (5, 11), and the overall response rate (ORR) reached 97.1% (33/34). There were statistically significant differences in the optimal efficacy of patients stratified by receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or not and receiving different treatment cycles (all P ≤ 0.05), while there were no statistically significant differences in patients stratified by other clinical features (all P > 0.05). The 1-year progression-free survival rate was 79.4% and the 1-year OS rate was 94.1%. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the cycle number of treatment regimens containing Dara was an independent influencing factor of MRD turning negative (6 cycles vs. 2 cycles, HR = 0.267, 95% CI: 0.076-0.935, P = 0.039); age ≥ 65 years was an independent risk factor for OS ( HR = 35.313, 95% CI: 1.709-729.669, P = 0.021). The incidence of hematological adverse reactions grade 3 or above was 20.6% (7/34), and the non-hematological adverse reactions primarily included infection [44.1% (15/34)] and edema of extremity and trunk [41.2% (14/34)]. Conclusions:The Dara-based regimens for NDMM exhibit a high ORR. The remission depth accelerated with the increasing number of treatment cycle, and the adverse reactions are mild.

Objective:To explore the influence of deviation of the bolt in femoral neck system (FNS) on the short-term outcomes in young and middle-aged patients with displaced femoral neck fracture.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 114 young and middle-aged patients with displaced femoral neck fracture who had been treated with FNS at Department of Orthopaedics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital from December 2019 to January 2023. Based on the postoperative measurements of the deviation of the bolt tip to the central axis of the femoral head and neck (W), the patients were divided into a central group (W≤20%) and a deviation group (W>20%). In the central group of 63 cases, there were 27 males and 36 females with a mean age of (46.4±8.0) years. In the deviation group of 51 cases, there were 20 males and 31 females with a mean age of (45.1±9.8) years. The 2 groups were compared in terms of weight-bearing time, fracture healing time, tip-apex distance, degree of femoral neck shortening, Harris Hip Score and EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire-5L (EQ-5D-5L) utility value at the last follow-up, as well as complications and revision surgeries.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the preoperative general information, auxiliary reduction or quality of fracture reduction between the 2 groups, showing comparability between groups ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the partial weight-bearing time between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). In the central group, the full weight-bearing time [15.0 (14.0, 16.0) weeks] and fracture healing time [14.0 (12.0, 15.0) weeks] were significantly shorter than those in the deviation group [16.0 (15.0, 19.0) weeks; 15.0 (13.0, 17.0) weeks], the tip-apex distance [(21.4±3.4) mm] was significantly shorter than that in the deviation group [(23.5±2.7) mm], the Harris Hip Score [(90.6±6.1) points] and EQ-5D-5L utility value [0.9 (0.8, 0.9)] at the last follow-up were significantly higher than those in the deviation group [(87.7±6.2) points; 0.9 (0.8, 0.9)], and the incidences of moderate and severe femoral neck shortening [25.4% (16/63)], avascular necrosis of the femoral head [0 (0/63)] and revision surgery [0 (0/63)] were significantly lower than those in the deviation group [66.7% (34/51), 7.8% (4/51), 9.8% (5/51)] (all P< 0.05). Conclusion:A closer positioning of the FNS bolt to the central axis of the femoral head and neck favors satisfactory short-term outcomes and a lower revision surgery rate in young and middle-aged patients with displaced femoral neck fracture.

Objective:This article summarized the characteristics of inpatients with the COVID-19 by psychiatric contact consultation in Wuhan.Method:This was a retrospective study. A total of 105 patients consulted by the Guangdong psychological medical team from March 1, 2020 to March 7, 2020 were selected. Data were collected by 20 psychiatrists responsible for the contact consultation, including age, gender, the main reasons for the contact consultation and the psychiatric treatment plan. The consultant doctor decided whether to enter the isolation ward according to the patient′s condition introduced by the attending physician, and whom were followed up within a week. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze the data.Results:There were 105 patients from 5 designated hospitals, aged （58.3±18.9） years, 62.9% (66/105) were females, and 102 (97.1%) were consulted face-to-face in the isolated ward. Main reasons for consultation were anxiety (65, 61.9%), depression (27, 25.7%), insomnia (6, 5.7%), agitation (6, 5.7%), and illusion (1, 1%). Seventy-seven of those patients (73.3%) received individualized psychotherapy, 1(1.0%) was prescribed with psychiatric medication, and 27 (25.7%) were treated with both measures. Follow-up showed that psychological symptoms relieved in 102 cases (97.1%).Conclusion:Psychosocial symptoms such as anxiety and depression are common in infected patients, and thereby psychiatric contact and consultation is in great demand in the treatment of COVID-19. Early intervention of mental health professionals in the diagnosis and treatment of patients plays a positive role in the recovery of them.

Objective:This article summarized the characteristics of inpatients with the COVID-19 by psychiatric contact consultation in Wuhan.Method:This was a retrospective study. A total of 105 patients consulted by the Guangdong psychological medical team from March 1, 2020 to March 7, 2020 were selected. Data were collected by 20 psychiatrists responsible for the contact consultation, including age, gender, the main reasons for the contact consultation and the psychiatric treatment plan. The consultant doctor decided whether to enter the isolation ward according to the patient′s condition introduced by the attending physician, and whom were followed up within a week. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze the data.Results:There were 105 patients from 5 designated hospitals, aged （58.3±18.9） years, 62.9% (66/105) were females, and 102 (97.1%) were consulted face-to-face in the isolated ward. Main reasons for consultation were anxiety (65, 61.9%), depression (27, 25.7%), insomnia (6, 5.7%), agitation (6, 5.7%), and illusion (1, 1%). Seventy-seven of those patients (73.3%) received individualized psychotherapy, 1(1.0%) was prescribed with psychiatric medication, and 27 (25.7%) were treated with both measures. Follow-up showed that psychological symptoms relieved in 102 cases (97.1%).Conclusion:Psychosocial symptoms such as anxiety and depression are common in infected patients, and thereby psychiatric contact and consultation is in great demand in the treatment of COVID-19. Early intervention of mental health professionals in the diagnosis and treatment of patients plays a positive role in the recovery of them.

Heatstroke is a critical disease which usually catches in the hot environment in summer and abundant exercise that could bring about multiple organ dysfunction.The process of the occurrence and development of heatstroke includes of the compensatory phase,acute reaction stage and decompensation stage.The recent researches have shown that the mechanism of liver injury induced by heatstroke might be related to the direct action of heat,mitochondrial dysfunction in liver cells and cascade of inflammatory response,and each link promoted each other,finally caused liver injury.In addition,a cascade of inflammatory responses in the hepatic sinusoid might play a predominant role in liver injury induced by heatstroke.This paper aims to review the mechanism of liver damage caused by heatstroke in terms of the physiology and pathology,so as to provide perspectives for clinical prevention and treatment of liver injury.

Objective·To investigate the role and mechanism of CaMKKβ in RAW264.7 macrophage M2 polarization induced by interleukin-4 (IL-4).Methods·IL-4 induced RAW264.7 polarization was measured by RT-PCR and ELISA.Western blotting was used to analyze the total and phosphorylated protein levels of CaMKKβ,AMPK,JAK2 and STAT3 during polarization.A lentiviral vector carrying an shRNA targeting the CaMKKβ gene was successfully constructed.The expression of M1 and M2 markers and the expression of phosphorylated AMPK,JAK2,STAT3 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting respectively.The protein activity ofAMPK,JAK2 and STAT3 were selectively blocked,and then the effect of IL-4 on macrophage polarization was detected by RT-PCR.Results·IL-4 significantly polarized RAW264.7 cells towards M2 macrophages (P＜0.05),and the phosphorylated protein expression of CaMKKβ,AMPK,JAK2,STAT3 was significantly increased (all P＜0.05).The expression of M2 markers induced by IL-4 was decreased and the phosphorylation ofAMPK,JAK2 and STAT3 was also decreased after knockdown of CaMKKβ by shRNA (all P＜0.05).The polarization of macrophages to M2 was decreased after the activities of AMPK,JAK2 and STAT3 proteins were blocked respectively (all P＜0.05).Conclusion·CaMKKβ promotes IL-4 induced M2 macrophage polarization via activation of AMPK/JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors for adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by Gram-negative bacilli in Tangshan, and provide reference for the early identification of Gram-negative bac?teria CAP and the clinical use of antibiotics. Methods Data of retrospective general information, physical examination, aux?iliary examination and pathogen were collected in patients with CAP in respiratory department from 6 hospitals in Tangshan between October 2011 to September 2012. According to the above data, the prognosis of patients with the team score (PORT) was calculated. The sputum samples were isolated for pathogen identification. Univariate logistic regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed for risk factors of Gram-negative bacilli. Results A total of 195 strains were isolated from 172 (32.45%) patients in 530 patients with CAP. There were 154 strains of Gram-negative ba?cilli (78.97%) and 41 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (21.03%) in 195 bacterial strains. Univariate logistic regression anal?ysis showed the possible risk factors of Gram-negative bacilli in patients with CAP including age≥65 years old, using antibi?otics before hospitalization, basic diseases, cerebrovascular disease, malnutrion, white blood cell abnormal, neutrophil count<1 × 109/L, PORT classification≥Ⅲ, total bilirubin>17.1μmol/L and blood urea nitrogen>7.1 mmol/L. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the independent risk factors of Gram-negative bacilli in patients with CAP including us?ing antibiotics before hospitalization (OR=2.327, 95%CI 1.453-3.725), white blood cell abnormal (OR=2.904, 95%CI 1.879-4.490), PORT classification≥Ⅲ(OR=3.839, 95%CI 2.427-6.071), and blood urea nitrogen elevated (OR=4.133, 95%CI 2.585-6.606). Conclusion Clinical empirical anti-infection treatment should consider the risk factors including using antibiotics before hospitalization, white blood cell abnormal, PORT classification≥Ⅲ and blood urea nitrogen>7.1 mmol/L in patients with susceptible to Gram-negative bacteria infection.

Objective To investigate the distribution of pathogens in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Tangshan area. Methods The clinical data of 530 hospitalized patients with CAP were retrospectively collected in department of respiratory medicine from 6 hospitals in Tangshan area from October 2011 to September 2012. The sputum samples were isolated and cultured. Results A total of 195 strains were isolated from 530 patients with CAP. The most common types of pathogens included Klebsiella pneumoniae (64 strains,12.08%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (24 strains, 4.53%) and Bauman Acinetobacter (19 strain, 3.58%). The detective rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were significantly higher in patients with basic diseases than those of patients without basic diseases (P<0.05). The detective rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were significantly higher in patients not taking antibiotics than those of patients taking antibiotics (P<0.05). The detective rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bauman Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were significantly higher in the age group≥60 years than those in the age group<60 years (P<0.05). The detective rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were significantly increased with increased levels of PORT (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the detective rates of pathogens between different regions and different seasons (P>0.05). Conclusion The gram-negative bacterial pathogens were the majority isolated from patients with CAP in Tangshan area. And Klebsiella pneumoniae was the primary bacteria. Patients with serious illness, above 60 years old, without antibiotic treatment before hospitalization, with basic diseases and above PORTⅢlevels should be given treatment of anti-gram-negative bacteria.