Objective:To explore the influencing factors of the subjective well-being of elderly individuals and improve the accuracy of well-being predictions.Methods:A multi-stage stratified sampling method was conducted in Guangdong province and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region from August 2019 to October 2020. The health status and subjective well-being of older adults were assessed using a self-administered multidimensional health questionnaire, while overall well-being was evaluated with a single-item 5-point scale. The statistical analysis was performed using R software (version 4.3.2), with analytical methods including χ2 tests, univariate analysis, quantile regression and random forest model. Results:A total of 2 620 participants were recruited, and 70.9% of whom reported feeling happy.The depression symptom score of the elderly was 3.00(1.00, 6.00), emotional status score was (28.26±4.14), activities of daily living (ADL) score was 69.00(52.00, 81.00), and the body mass index(BMI) was (22.68±3.81)kg/m 2.The quantile regression results indicated that marital status (married)(Q 10: β=0.049; Q 50: β=0.014; Q 90: β=0.005) and depressive symptoms (no depression, depressive tendency)(Q 10: β=1.000; Q 50: β=1.000; Q 90: β=0.025) had varying effects on older adults' subjective well-being across three quantiles (Q 10, Q 50, Q 90)(all P<0.05). In contrast, social activity (no social activity)(Q 10: β=-0.072; Q 50: β=-0.011; Q 90: β=-0.006), ADL (severe disability, moderate disability, mild disability)(Q 10: β=-0.103, Q 50: β=-0.006, Q 90: β=-0.048; Q 10: β=-0.063, Q 50: β=-0.012, Q 90: β=-0.005; Q 10: β=-0.078, Q 50: β=-0.016, Q 90: β=-0.009), and emotional status (poor emotion, fair emotion)(Q 10: β=-0.261, Q 50: β=-0.009, Q 90: β=-0.025; Q 10: β=-0.140, Q 50: β=-0.017, Q 90: β=-0.029) had a negative impact on elderly subjective well-being at the three quantile points(all P<0.05). Random forest results indicated that depressive symptoms, ADL, emotional status, household monthly income per capita, BMI, social activity, multimorbidity status, and marital status were the most important determinants of subjective well-being. Conclusion:Depressive symptoms and emotional status have a significant impact on the subjective well-being of older adults. Additionally, ADL, household income per capita, BMI, and social engagement also play important roles in influencing well-being, while the emotional support provided by marriage should not be overlooked.

Objective To investigate the current status of hypertension in the old adults living in urban city and rural areas in Qinghai Plateau and analyze the related influencing factors in order to provide data and evidence for targeted formulation of preventive and control measures for the pop-ulation.Methods Cluster-random sampling was used to subject 1372 elderly people(aged ≥60 years)from 8 urban areas and 25 natural villages in Xining City,Qinghai Province.Questionnaires were used to collect their demographic data,body mass index(BMI),history of chronic diseases,and lipid-related indicators.According to complicated with hypertension or not,they were divided into a hypertension group(615 cases)and a non-hypertension group(757 cases).SPSS 26.0 soft-ware was employed to perform statistical analyses with descriptive analysis and multivarlate un-conditional logistic regression analysis.Results Among the 1372 elderly persons,615 participants had hypertension,and the overall prevalence was 44.8％,and that in urban area and rural area was 50.1％and 38.5％,respectively,with significant difference(P＜0.01).Statistical differences were observed between those with and without hypertension in terms of age,BMI,and proportions of coronary heart disease(CHD),diabetes and stroke(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).In the urban populations,there were obvious differences in marital status,BMI,and proportions of CHD and diabetes be-tween those with and without hypertension(P＜0.01).For the rural populations,notable differ-ences were observed in age and proportions of CHD and diabetes between those with and without hypertension(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis revealed that urban areas,obesity,CHD and diabetes were risk factors for hypertension in the elderly living in the urban and rural areas(OR=1.622,95％CI:1.299-2.026,P=0.000;OR=0.564,95％CI:0.315-1.006,P=0.042;OR=0.604,95％CI:0.417-0.874,P=0.008;OR=0.472,95％CI:0.328-0.678,P=0.000;OR=0.474,95％CI:0.334-0.673,P=0.000).Obesity,CHD and diabetes were risk factors for hypertension in those in the urban areas(OR=0.553,95％CI:0.317-0.963,P=0.036;OR=0.506,95％CI:0.320-0.800,P=0.004;OR=0.458,95％CI:0.303-0.692,P=0.000),and CHD and diabetes were risk factors in those in the rural areas(OR=0.382,95％CI:0.219-0.666,P=0.001;OR=0.452,95％CI:0.253-0.807,P=0.007).Conclusion There is sig-nificant difference in the prevalence of hypertension between the elderly living in the urban city and rural areas in Qinghai Plateau.The old adults with overweight,obesity,and complication of CHD and diabetes are prone to developing hypertension.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of the subjective well-being of elderly individuals and improve the accuracy of well-being predictions.Methods:A multi-stage stratified sampling method was conducted in Guangdong province and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region from August 2019 to October 2020. The health status and subjective well-being of older adults were assessed using a self-administered multidimensional health questionnaire, while overall well-being was evaluated with a single-item 5-point scale. The statistical analysis was performed using R software (version 4.3.2), with analytical methods including χ2 tests, univariate analysis, quantile regression and random forest model. Results:A total of 2 620 participants were recruited, and 70.9% of whom reported feeling happy.The depression symptom score of the elderly was 3.00(1.00, 6.00), emotional status score was (28.26±4.14), activities of daily living (ADL) score was 69.00(52.00, 81.00), and the body mass index(BMI) was (22.68±3.81)kg/m 2.The quantile regression results indicated that marital status (married)(Q 10: β=0.049; Q 50: β=0.014; Q 90: β=0.005) and depressive symptoms (no depression, depressive tendency)(Q 10: β=1.000; Q 50: β=1.000; Q 90: β=0.025) had varying effects on older adults' subjective well-being across three quantiles (Q 10, Q 50, Q 90)(all P<0.05). In contrast, social activity (no social activity)(Q 10: β=-0.072; Q 50: β=-0.011; Q 90: β=-0.006), ADL (severe disability, moderate disability, mild disability)(Q 10: β=-0.103, Q 50: β=-0.006, Q 90: β=-0.048; Q 10: β=-0.063, Q 50: β=-0.012, Q 90: β=-0.005; Q 10: β=-0.078, Q 50: β=-0.016, Q 90: β=-0.009), and emotional status (poor emotion, fair emotion)(Q 10: β=-0.261, Q 50: β=-0.009, Q 90: β=-0.025; Q 10: β=-0.140, Q 50: β=-0.017, Q 90: β=-0.029) had a negative impact on elderly subjective well-being at the three quantile points(all P<0.05). Random forest results indicated that depressive symptoms, ADL, emotional status, household monthly income per capita, BMI, social activity, multimorbidity status, and marital status were the most important determinants of subjective well-being. Conclusion:Depressive symptoms and emotional status have a significant impact on the subjective well-being of older adults. Additionally, ADL, household income per capita, BMI, and social engagement also play important roles in influencing well-being, while the emotional support provided by marriage should not be overlooked.

Objective To investigate the current status of hypertension in the old adults living in urban city and rural areas in Qinghai Plateau and analyze the related influencing factors in order to provide data and evidence for targeted formulation of preventive and control measures for the pop-ulation.Methods Cluster-random sampling was used to subject 1372 elderly people(aged ≥60 years)from 8 urban areas and 25 natural villages in Xining City,Qinghai Province.Questionnaires were used to collect their demographic data,body mass index(BMI),history of chronic diseases,and lipid-related indicators.According to complicated with hypertension or not,they were divided into a hypertension group(615 cases)and a non-hypertension group(757 cases).SPSS 26.0 soft-ware was employed to perform statistical analyses with descriptive analysis and multivarlate un-conditional logistic regression analysis.Results Among the 1372 elderly persons,615 participants had hypertension,and the overall prevalence was 44.8％,and that in urban area and rural area was 50.1％and 38.5％,respectively,with significant difference(P＜0.01).Statistical differences were observed between those with and without hypertension in terms of age,BMI,and proportions of coronary heart disease(CHD),diabetes and stroke(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).In the urban populations,there were obvious differences in marital status,BMI,and proportions of CHD and diabetes be-tween those with and without hypertension(P＜0.01).For the rural populations,notable differ-ences were observed in age and proportions of CHD and diabetes between those with and without hypertension(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis revealed that urban areas,obesity,CHD and diabetes were risk factors for hypertension in the elderly living in the urban and rural areas(OR=1.622,95％CI:1.299-2.026,P=0.000;OR=0.564,95％CI:0.315-1.006,P=0.042;OR=0.604,95％CI:0.417-0.874,P=0.008;OR=0.472,95％CI:0.328-0.678,P=0.000;OR=0.474,95％CI:0.334-0.673,P=0.000).Obesity,CHD and diabetes were risk factors for hypertension in those in the urban areas(OR=0.553,95％CI:0.317-0.963,P=0.036;OR=0.506,95％CI:0.320-0.800,P=0.004;OR=0.458,95％CI:0.303-0.692,P=0.000),and CHD and diabetes were risk factors in those in the rural areas(OR=0.382,95％CI:0.219-0.666,P=0.001;OR=0.452,95％CI:0.253-0.807,P=0.007).Conclusion There is sig-nificant difference in the prevalence of hypertension between the elderly living in the urban city and rural areas in Qinghai Plateau.The old adults with overweight,obesity,and complication of CHD and diabetes are prone to developing hypertension.

Objective:To analyze and evaluate the items of the general module of multidimensional health measurement instruments system for elderly patients with chronic disease (MHIEC-GM)(V1.0) based on classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT).Methods:A self-administered survey of 2 375 elderly patients with chronic diseases was conducted using the MHIEC-GM(V1.0) scale. The quality of items was analyzed using the variability method, correlation coefficient method, factor analysis method, and Cronbach's α coefficient method based on CTT. The difficulty coefficient, differentiation coefficient, and information content of items were analyzed using the IRT analysis software MULTILOG 7.03.Results:The CTT results showed that the standard deviations of all nine items were greater than 0.9. The results of the correlation coefficient method, the factor analysis method and the Cronbach′s α coefficient method showed that except for the GMI9 item, the correlation coefficients between the other items and the total scale were all greater than 0.5, and the factor loads were all greater than 0.5, and the Cronbach′s α coefficients after the deletion of the items were all less than 0.763. Based on the results of the four analysis methods, except for the GMI9 item, all the other items had good characteristics. The IRT results showed that the information contents of all items were >0.333 (5/15) except for the GMI4, GMI6, and GMI8, and the differentiation coefficient of each item was 1.44. The items that difficulty coefficient met the [-4, 4] inclusion criteria were the GMI2, GMI3, GMI5, GMI7 and GMI9, showing a monotonically increasing trend with increasing difficulty level. The items of GMI1, GMI4, GMI6, and GMI8 needed further improvement.Conclusion:Most of items of the MHIEC-GM(V1.0) scale have good psychometric properties, but some items need to be further revised and validated according to the characteristics of chronic diseases in the elderly.

Objectives:To examine the relationship of social capital with anxiety and depression symptoms among urban elderly in China.Methods:A household survey by using self-administered questionnaires was conducted in 3 communities in Jinan,Shandong Province and the data of 925 people aged 60 years or over were collected.The social capital indicators according to its operational definition and Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale (SAS) and Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale were used.The social capital factors were extracted by using exploratory factor analysis and were dichotomized to conduct logistic regression analysis.Results:The average standard scores of SAS and SDS were (35.8 ±6.9) and (41.9 ±8.7),respectively.The proportion of anxiety symptom was 4.4％ and that of depression symptom was 19.0％.Logistic regression analysis showed that perceived social support,perceived trust,reciprocity and safety and social participation were associated with self-rating depression(Ps＜ 0.05).Perceived social support (OR ＝ 0.29,95 ％ CI:0.20-0.44),perceived trust,reciprocity and safety (OR ＝0.49,95％ CI:0.33-0.72) and social participation (OR ＝ 0.66,95％ CI:0.45-0.98) were protective factors of depression.No significant association between social capital factors and anxiety was found.Conclusion:It suggests that social capital could be a target for elderly people's mental health promotion in China.Additional efforts should be taken on enhancing the elderly people's perceived support,trust and safety from their families and communities,as well as providing more opportunities of social activities in the neighborhoods.