Purpose: This study aimed to identify the altered pathways and genes associated with freezing damage in human sperm during cryopreservation by multiomics analysis. Materials and Methods: Fifteen fresh human semen samples were collected for transcriptomic analysis, and another 5 fresh human semen samples were obtained for metabolomic analysis. For each semen sample, 1 mL was cryopreserved, and another 1 mL was left untreated for paired design. The results were then combined with previously published proteomic results to identify key genes/pathways. Results: Cryopreservation significantly reduced sperm motility and mitochondrial structure. Transcriptomic analysis revealed altered mitochondrial function, including changes in tRNA-methyltransferase activity and adenosine tri-phosphate/adenosine di-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity. Metabolomic analysis showed that the citrate cycle in mitochondria was significantly altered. Combining transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses revealed 346 genes that were altered in at least two omics analyses. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that metabolic pathways were significantly altered and strongly associated with mitochondria. Five genes were altered in all three omics analyses: COL11A1, COL18A1, LPCAT3, NME1, and NNT. Conclusions Five genes were identified by multiomics analysis in human cryopreserved sperm. These genes might have specific functions in cryopreservation. Explorations of the functions of these genes will be helpful for sperm cryopreservation and sperm motility improvement or even for reproduction in the future.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features of primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the liver(PMCL).Methods The history,clinical data,pathological diagnosis,differential diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of 4 patients with PMCL were retrospectively analyzed.Results All four tumors were located in the left half of the liver and were sol-itary.Microscopic examination showed that tumor cells were composed of three types of cells:epidermal like cells,interme-diate cells,and mucinous cells,with varying proportions.Im-munophenotype:tumor cells showed diffuse strong positivity for CA199 and CK19,while mucous cells showed focal positivity for CEA.CK7 mainly expressed in epidermal like cells and mucous cells,while CK5/6,p40,and p63 expressed in epidermal like cells and intermediate cells.Special staining with AB,PAS,and mucin carmine confirmed the presence of mucous cells,Ki67 proliferation index ranged from 30％to 40％.FISH testing:no MAML2 gene breakage or rearrangement was detected in 4 cases of PMCL,and MAML2 gene amplification occurred in 1 case of tumor.Conclusion The incidence of PMCL is low and present with non-specific clinical manifestations,which often leads to misdiagnosis.The diagnosis should be differentiated from bile duct adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma.Moreover,there is currently no established standard treatment for PMCL and has a poor prognosis.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features of primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the liver(PMCL).Methods The history,clinical data,pathological diagnosis,differential diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of 4 patients with PMCL were retrospectively analyzed.Results All four tumors were located in the left half of the liver and were sol-itary.Microscopic examination showed that tumor cells were composed of three types of cells:epidermal like cells,interme-diate cells,and mucinous cells,with varying proportions.Im-munophenotype:tumor cells showed diffuse strong positivity for CA199 and CK19,while mucous cells showed focal positivity for CEA.CK7 mainly expressed in epidermal like cells and mucous cells,while CK5/6,p40,and p63 expressed in epidermal like cells and intermediate cells.Special staining with AB,PAS,and mucin carmine confirmed the presence of mucous cells,Ki67 proliferation index ranged from 30％to 40％.FISH testing:no MAML2 gene breakage or rearrangement was detected in 4 cases of PMCL,and MAML2 gene amplification occurred in 1 case of tumor.Conclusion The incidence of PMCL is low and present with non-specific clinical manifestations,which often leads to misdiagnosis.The diagnosis should be differentiated from bile duct adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma.Moreover,there is currently no established standard treatment for PMCL and has a poor prognosis.

Objective: To explore the correction factors of lung cancer caused by radon exposure in a uranium mine, and estimate the excess relative risk (ERR) coefficient of lung cancer caused by radon in the uranium miners. Methods: Male miners who worked in a uranium mine more than one year in Hunan Province from 1958 to 2018 were selected. This study preliminarily estimated the ERR coefficient of lung cancer caused by radon in the miners with different corrections using the Possion regression model. Results: This study cohort included 4 851 uranium miners, with 187 miners died with lung cancer from 1958 to 2018, and cumulative follow-up of 207 251 person-year. The ERR coefficient of lung cancer caused by radon without correction factors was estimated to be 0.21%/WLM (95%CI: 0.04%/WLM-0.27%/WLM). In the final model, the exponential correction factors of radon-induced lung cancer were time since exposure and exposure rate. In this model, if time since exposure was 45 years and the average exposure rate was 0.14 WL, the estimated ERR coefficient was 1.73%/WLM (95%CI: 0.36%/WLM-3.11%/WLM). The ERR decreases by about 60.00% for every 10 years since exposure, and increases by about 30.00% for every one WL increase exposure rate. Conclusion: The correction factors of lung cancer caused by radon in uranium miners in this mine were the time since exposure and exposure rate. It was preliminarily estimated that the ERR coefficient of lung cancer caused by radon in the occupational radon exposed population in this uranium mine was 1.73%/WLM (95%CI: 0.36%/WLM-3.11%/WLM).

With the rapid development of the nuclear industry, the uranium-exposed population is rapidly expanding. Kidney injury is a major health concern for uranium-exposed population because uranium is initially retained in the kidneys and induces chemical toxicity. However, the commonly used clinical markers of kidney injury usually show significant changes in the late stages of such damage, making it difficult to monitor the occupational health of uranium-exposed population. In recent years, a number of biomarkers that can reflect early kidney injury caused by uranium have been identified and investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and protein blotting. This article will review the studies in this area, with the aim of providing a basis for the diagnosis and understanding the development and prognosis of uranium-induced kidney injury.

Objective To establish a method for uranium aerosol sample collection, dry ashing treatment, and laboratory laser-fluorescence measurement in the workplace of uranium processing and fuel fabrication facilities. Methods Through optimization experiments, the effects of sampling flow, sample pH value, and test temperature on uranium aerosol concentration results were studied, and the detection limit, precision, and recovery rate of the method were tested. Results Under the optimal test conditions, the detection limit of the method was 0.025 ng/mL; the minimum detectable concentration of 1 m³ of aerosol samples was 1.25 × 10⁻³ μg/m³; the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the measurement results was less than 5%; the recovery rate was between 96% and 104%. Conclusion The detection limit, precision, and accuracy of the method meet the testing requirements for uranium aerosol samples in the workplace of uranium processing and fuel fabrication facilities.

With the development of nuclear energy technology and the use of depleted uranium weapons, the uranium exposed population is gradually expanding and the health effects of uranium exposure are of increasing concern. The toxicity of uranium to kidney, a sensitive organ for uranium to enter the body to produce effects, cannot be ignored. As of now, the effects of uranium exposure on the kidney are still not well understood, the threshold of uranium-induced kidney injury has been controversial, and there is a lack of sensitive and specific biomarkers for the diagnosis of early kindey damage, especially in the context of chronic uranium exposure. For these reasons, this paper reviewed the results of research on dose-effect relationships and biomarkers of uranium-induced kidney injury and provided an outlook on future research directions, with the aim of providing a basis for subsequent study on animal experiments and population health effects related to uranium exposure.

Objective:To explore the predictive value of low-dose biphasic (inspiratory and expiratory) CT air trapping sign and semi-quantitative score in predicting abnormal blood gas parameters and progression to severe disease in COVID-19 patients.Methods:Patients with non-severe COVID-19 who were diagnosed by nucleic acid testing and hospitalized in designated hospitals in Wuxi City from January 23 to February 29, 2020 were prospectively and consecutively recruited. All patients received low-dose biphasic CT examination on admission and repeated CT examination at regular intervals during the course. On the inspiratory phase admission of the bipolar CT, the scope of the lesion was evaluated by semi-quantitative score, and the air trapping sign on bipolar CT was assessed. The differences of semi-quantitative score, the presence of the air trapping sign and other clinical factors were compared between the patients with abnormal and the normal blood gas index, as well as between the cases progressed to severe disease and cases without disease progression using the independent sample t-test or χ 2 test. The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and the comprehensive discriminant improvement index (IDI) were used to evaluate the predictive effectiveness of the semi-quantitative scores, air trapping sign, and combination of two factors in differentiating cases with abnormal and normal blood gas indexes, as well as in differentiating cases with and without disease progression to severe COVID-19 cases. Results:In total 51 non-severe COVID-19 cases were included, with 16 cases showed air trapping sign during the first biphasic CT examination on admission. During the course of the disease, there were 13 patients with abnormal blood gas index, and 9 cases displaying air trapping sign (9/13). All 7 cases with progression to severe cases showed air trapping sign (7/7). Patients with advanced age, air trapping sign and higher semi-quantitative score were found more likely to have abnormal blood gas index ( t=3.10, χ 2=9.38, t=3.34, P<0.05); patients with advanced age, underlying diseases, air trapping sign and higher semi-quantitative score were more likely to develop into severe disease ( t=2.68, χ 2=6.65, χ 2=4.25, t=4.33, P<0.05). The AUC of semi-quantitative score, air trapping sign and combination of two factors in distinguishing abnormal blood gas index from normal blood gas index was 0.803, 0.754 and 0.794 respectively. The AUC of semi-quantitative score, air trapping sign and combination of two factors in distinguishing cases with progression to severe cases from non-progression was 0.881, 0.898 and 0.932, respectively. Air trapping sign combined with semi-quantitative score significantly improved the prediction effectiveness of disease progression, compared with semi-quantitative score or air trapping sign (IDI=0.271, 0.117). Conclusion:Air trapping sign and semi-quantitative score might be used as effective indicators to predict the progression of COVID-19 cases, and the combination of these two factors might be more helpful to predict the disease progression.

Objective To explore the titre of serum anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibodies (anti-PLA2 R antibodies) detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to provide a more specific serological index for clinical diagnosis and disease judgment of membranous nephropathy (MN).Methods Thirty-four cases of MN confirmed by kidney biopsy ,32 inpatients with autoimmune diseases ,nephrotic syndrome and renal insufficiency in the nephrology department of our hospital and 12 persons un-dergoing physical examination were selected.The serum was collected for detecting anti-PLA2 R antibodies level.Then its diagnostic performance for diagnosing MM was analyzed by combining with serum TP ,ALB ,IgG ,IgA ,IgM ,C3 and C4 indicators.Results The medians of anti-PLA2 R antibodies titres in the MN group ,disease control group and healthy control group were 22.1 ,2.0 ,2.0 RU/mL respectively ,which had statistical difference between the MN group and other two groups (P<0.05).Seventeen cases of anti-PLA2R antibodies positive were in the MN group(positive rate50% )and 17 cases were negative,the disease control group and healthy control group all were negative.Its specificity and positive predictive value were 100% ,TP ,ALB and IgG had statistical difference between the MN group with the disease control group and healthy control group (P<0.05);the relative coefficients of anti-PLA2 R antibodies with TP ,ALB and IgG ,IgA ,IgM ,C3 and C4 were in turn -0.382 ,-0.344 ,-0.502 ,-0.295 ,0.062 , 0.005 and 0.241 respectively ,anti-PLA2R antibodies were negatively correlated with TP ,ALB ,IgG and IgA(P<0.01) ,positively correlated with C4(P<0.05) and had no relation with IgM and C3(P>0.05).Conclusion Anti-PLA2 R antibodies have higher specificity for the diagnosis of MN and can serve as the necessary and specific serologic detection indicator in the patients unable to conduct renal biopsy.Quantitative detection helps to condition judgment.

BACKGROUND:Neural stem cels have the potential to differentiate into neurons and glial cels to replace the injured brain cels, so as to achieve the purpose of repairing nerve injury.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the neuronal differentiation ability of cel subsets with stem cel characteristics in the adult rat meningeal tissues.
METHODS:Under anesthesia, the meningeal tissues were obtained from adult Sprague-Dawley rats to make cel suspension folowed by inoculation and subculture. Then, the Nestin immunofluorescence staining was performed. The third generation cels were culturedin vitro with complete culture medium containing trichostatin A. After 7 days of induction, western blot assay was used to detect the expression of NF-200 and BM88 proteins in neural cels.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 24 hours of culture, some spherical cels were suspended and some cels adherent. In addition, some spherical cels scattered gradualy formed the clone spheres, and the growth rate decreased with the increasing volume. The positive expression of Nestin was detected by immunocytochemistry staining, and the cel nucleus was stained blue by Hoechst staining. BM88 and NF-200 proteins were al expressed at 7 days of neural induction. These findings indicate that the cel subsets with stem cel characteristics in the adult rat meningeal tissues can differentiate into neurons after in vitro induction.