OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism by which aloin （ALO） ameliorates atherosclerosis （AS）. METHODS Eight C57BL/6J mice were assigned to the control group （CON group） and fed a standard diet； thirty-two apolipoprotein E-knockout （APOE－/－） mice were randomly divided into model group （MOD group）， ALO low-dose and high-dose groups [ALO-L group， ALO-H group， 20， 40 mg/（kg·d）]， and atorvastatin positive control group [ATO group， 4 mg/（kg·d）]， with 8 mice in each group， establishing the AS model through feeding with a high-fat diet. The mice were administered the drug via gavage or given an equal volume of deionized water for 8 consecutive weeks. The lipid levels in the serum of mice were measured， and the pathological structural changes in their aortas were observed. The expressions of macrophage polarization markers （CD86+ ， CD206+） in the aorta were determined， along with the mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， arginase-1 （Arg-1）， and interleukin-10 （IL-10）， as well as the protein expressions of iNOS and Arg- 1， and the phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor κB p65 （NF-κB p65） and signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） proteins. Additionally， a macrophage polarization model was established using lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced RAW264.7 cells， and the effect of ALO （400 μmol/L） on the cellular polarization phenotype was investigated. RESULTS Compared with the MOD group， administration groups all showed significant improvement in dyslipidemia （except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum of ALO-L group） （P＜0.05）； aortic intimal structure improved significantly， plaque area was reduced significantly （P＜0.01）； the CD86+ relative fluorescence intensity in the aorta decreased significantly， the CD206+relative fluorescence intensity increased significantly （P＜0.01）， while the expressions of iNOS and TNF-α mRNA were down-regulated significantly （P＜0.05）； mRNA expressions of Arg-1 and IL-10， and protein expression of Arg-1 were increased significantly in ALO-H group and ATO group （P＜0.05）； the protein expressions of iNOS， and the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 and STAT3 protein were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. In vitro experiments further confirmed that ALO significantly reduced the proportion of LPS-induced M1-type macrophages but increased the proportion of M2-type macrophages （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ALO inhibits M1-type macrophage polarization and promotes M2-type polarization， ameliorates dyslipidemia and reduces arterial plaque formation in AS model mice， improve the structure of the aortic intima potentially through suppression of the NF-κB/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Objective:To search, evaluate, and summarize the best evidence for difficult peripheral intravenous catheterization in children.Methods:Following the "6S" evidence pyramid model, literature related to the management of difficult peripheral veins in children was searched in both English and Chinese databases including UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, National Guidelines Clearinghouse, the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Database, PubMed, Medlive, SinoMed, CNKI, and Wanfang Database. The search period was from the establishment of the database to January 2023. Two researchers trained in systematic evidence-based nursing, independently evaluated the quality of included literature and extracted relevant evidence.Results:Five articles were included: two guidelines, two expert consensuses, and one systematic review. 19 best evidence were summarized, covering five aspects: difficult vein quality management, difficult vein assessment, difficult intravenous catheterization site and needle type selection, difficult intravenous catheterization auxiliary methods, and handling of failed difficult intravenous catheterization.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence for difficult peripheral intravenous catheterization in children, demonstrating clinical nursing practicality. It provides evidence-based guidance for pediatric nursing staff performing difficult intravenous catheterization.

Background and purpose: Previous studies have confirmed that the expression of leucine-rich repeat-containing 3B (CLRRC3B) was significantly decreased in different human cancers, which was also associated with the migration and invasion of cancer cells. The aim of this study was to explore the potential mechanism of LRRC3B in the development of esophageal cancer. Methods: The LRRC3B expression was detected in 60 cancer tissues and 60 adjacent non-neoplastic tissues by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA and protein expression of LRRC3B in Eca109 and HEECs were detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. Eca109 cells with different treatments were divided into three groups:normal group, negative control group (transfected with pCMV6 plasmid), overexpression LRRC3B group (transfected with pCMV6-LRRC3B plasmid). Transwell assay was used to measure the migration and invasion of Eca109 cells in different groups. The protein levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin and p-Akt were determined by Western blot. Results: The expression of LRRC3B in esophageal cancer tissues was lower than that of non-cancerous tissues, as well as the expression of LRRC3B in Eca109 was decreased compared with that of normal esophageal epithelial cell line HEEC. Overexpression of LRRC3B significantly inhibited Eca109 cells migration and invasion, upregulated the expression of E-cadherin and decreased the expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin. Moreover, overexpression of LRRC3B significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt in Eca109 cells. Conclusion: The expression of LRRC3B was decreased in esophageal cancer. Overexpression of LRRC3B can efficiently inhibit the EMT progression in esophageal cancer cells by suppressing PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Aim To assay the possible targets of adriamycin (ADM), screening ADM resistance related proteins.Methods The drug sensitivity of the cells was analyzed by IC50 assay;RT-PCR assay was used to detect the expression of genes in the cells;CMPK1 protein expression was tested by Western blot assay;the expression of CMPK1 in the cells was decreased by siRNA of CMPK1.Results Data from IC50 assay showed the sensitivity of cells transfected with CMPK1 was increased most(IC50 HEK293-CMPK /IC50 HEK293-Control=0.15, P<0.01), and the expression of CMPK1 protein in ADM resistant breast cells (MCF7/ADM) was lower than that in parent MCF7 cells (P<0.05).When the expression level of CMPK1 was decreased by CMPK1 siRNA, the sensitivity of MCF7 cells to ADM decreased (IC50 MCF7-siCMPK1/IC50MCF7-Control=3.6, P< 0.01), and the sensitivity of MCF7 cells to paclitaxel and gemcitabine also decreased.Conclusions CMPK1 was related to the multidrug resistance of cells, and the expression of CMPK1 was positively related to the sensitivity to drugs, which provides the possibility of CMPK1 as a target in the treatment of multidrug resistance.

Objective To investigate the effects of CNTN-1 on the invasion and migration of human esophageal cancer EC9706 cells and the possible mechanism.Methods The expression of CNTN-1 in human esophageal cancer EC9706 cells was measured by qPCR and Western blot.After transfection with CNTN-1 siRNA or CNTN-1, the cells were divided into control group, scrambled siRNA group, CNTN-1 siRNA group, pcDNA3.1-vector group and pcDNA3.1-CNTN-1 group.Cell proliferation, invasion and migration were respectively analyzed by BrdU assay and Transwell test.The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected by qPCR and Western blot.Results The mRNA and protein expression of CNTN-1 were significantly upregulated in EC9706 cells.Compared with control, cell proliferation, invasion and migration, as well as the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly decreased by CNTN-1 siRNA, while they were increased by CNTN-1 overexpression (P<0.05).ConclusionsCNTN-1 can influence the invasion and metastasis of esophageal cancer cells through the regulation of the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9.

Objective To explore the effect of the combined sequential application of er-lotinib between the chemotherapy periods on the treatment of the patients with advanced non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods 45 patients with advanced NSCLC were collected.The pa-tients with the initial treatment were treated with gemcitabine combined with platinum for chemotherapy,while the patients with retreatment were treated with docetaxel or pemetrexed for chemotherapy.Between the chemotherapy periods,the sequential erlotinib therapy was applied to all the patients.The short-term efficacy and the adverse reactions were evaluated and compared. Results The clinical efficacy of the initial treatment patients and the retreatment patients were 27.6% and 18.8% respectively (P >0.05),and the clinical control rate of the initial treatment patients was significantly higher than that of the retreatment patients (P <0.05).The clinical ef-ficacy of the patients with a history of smoking was significantly lower than that of the patients without a history of smoking (P <0.05).The clinical efficacy of the initial treatment patients with age over 65 years old was significantly higher than that of the initial treatment patients with age less than 65 years old(P <0.05).The clinical efficacy of the initial treatment patients with stage Ⅲ b was significantly higher than that of the initial treatment patients with stage Ⅳ (P <0.05).The clinical efficacy of the retreatment patients with adenocarcinoma pathological type was significantly higher than that of the patients without adenocarcinoma pathological type (P <0 .0 5 ).The main adverse reactions were nausea ,diarrhea ,rash ,vomiting and loss of appetite .
Conclusion The clinical efficacy of the combined sequential application of erlotinib between the chemotherapy periods in the treatment of the patients with advanced NSCLC is not such high. Smoking history,age,tumor stage and pathological type may affect its curative effect.Efficacy of this therapy in controlling the disease progress of the initial treatment patients is significant,the adverse reactions are mild,and the tolerance of the patients for the therapy is higher.

Objective To observe and analyze the curative effects of the combined sequential application of erlotinib between the chemotherapy periods in the treatment of the patients with ad-vanced non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods 45 patients with advanced NSCLC were se-lected as the research objects.The patients of the initial treatment were treated with gemcitabine combined with platinum for chemotherapy and the patients of retreatment were treated with doc-etaxel or pemetrexed for chemotherapy.Between the chemotherapy periods,the sequential erlotinib therapy was applied to all the patients.The short-term curative effects and the adverse reactions were evaluated and compared.Results The clinical efficiency of the initial treatment patients and the retreatment patients were 27.6% and 18.8% respectively.There were no significant differences of short-term curative effects and the clinical efficiency between the initial treatment patients and the retreatment patients (P >0.05),while the clinical control rate of the initial treatment patients was significantly higher than that of the retreatment patients (P <0.05).The clinical efficiency of the patients with a smoking history was significantly lower than that of the patients without smok-ing history(P <0.05).The clinical efficiency of the initial treatment patients with age of 65 years or older was significantly higher than that of the initial treatment patients of age < 6 5 years (P <0.05).The clinical efficiency of the initial treatment patients with stage Ⅲb was signifi-cantly higher than that of the initial treatment patients with stage Ⅳ(P <0.05).The clinical ef-ficiency of the retreatment patients with adenocarcinoma pathological type was significantly higher than that of the patients without adenocarcinoma pathological type (P <0.05).The main adverse reactions of the patients were nausea,diarrhea,rash,vomiting,loss of appetite.Conclusion The clinical efficiency of the combined sequential application of erlotinib between the chemothera-py periods in the treatment of the patients with advanced NSCLC is not high.Smoking history, age,tumor stage,pathological type may affect its curative effect.The effects of this therapy in controlling the disease progress of the initial treatment patients are more significant,the adverse reactions are mild,and the tolerance of the patients for the therapy is higher.

Objective To explore the effect of the combined sequential application of er-lotinib between the chemotherapy periods on the treatment of the patients with advanced non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods 45 patients with advanced NSCLC were collected.The pa-tients with the initial treatment were treated with gemcitabine combined with platinum for chemotherapy,while the patients with retreatment were treated with docetaxel or pemetrexed for chemotherapy.Between the chemotherapy periods,the sequential erlotinib therapy was applied to all the patients.The short-term efficacy and the adverse reactions were evaluated and compared. Results The clinical efficacy of the initial treatment patients and the retreatment patients were 27.6% and 18.8% respectively (P >0.05),and the clinical control rate of the initial treatment patients was significantly higher than that of the retreatment patients (P <0.05).The clinical ef-ficacy of the patients with a history of smoking was significantly lower than that of the patients without a history of smoking (P <0.05).The clinical efficacy of the initial treatment patients with age over 65 years old was significantly higher than that of the initial treatment patients with age less than 65 years old(P <0.05).The clinical efficacy of the initial treatment patients with stage Ⅲ b was significantly higher than that of the initial treatment patients with stage Ⅳ (P <0.05).The clinical efficacy of the retreatment patients with adenocarcinoma pathological type was significantly higher than that of the patients without adenocarcinoma pathological type (P <0 .0 5 ).The main adverse reactions were nausea ,diarrhea ,rash ,vomiting and loss of appetite .
Conclusion The clinical efficacy of the combined sequential application of erlotinib between the chemotherapy periods in the treatment of the patients with advanced NSCLC is not such high. Smoking history,age,tumor stage and pathological type may affect its curative effect.Efficacy of this therapy in controlling the disease progress of the initial treatment patients is significant,the adverse reactions are mild,and the tolerance of the patients for the therapy is higher.

Objective To observe and analyze the curative effects of the combined sequential application of erlotinib between the chemotherapy periods in the treatment of the patients with ad-vanced non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods 45 patients with advanced NSCLC were se-lected as the research objects.The patients of the initial treatment were treated with gemcitabine combined with platinum for chemotherapy and the patients of retreatment were treated with doc-etaxel or pemetrexed for chemotherapy.Between the chemotherapy periods,the sequential erlotinib therapy was applied to all the patients.The short-term curative effects and the adverse reactions were evaluated and compared.Results The clinical efficiency of the initial treatment patients and the retreatment patients were 27.6% and 18.8% respectively.There were no significant differences of short-term curative effects and the clinical efficiency between the initial treatment patients and the retreatment patients (P >0.05),while the clinical control rate of the initial treatment patients was significantly higher than that of the retreatment patients (P <0.05).The clinical efficiency of the patients with a smoking history was significantly lower than that of the patients without smok-ing history(P <0.05).The clinical efficiency of the initial treatment patients with age of 65 years or older was significantly higher than that of the initial treatment patients of age < 6 5 years (P <0.05).The clinical efficiency of the initial treatment patients with stage Ⅲb was signifi-cantly higher than that of the initial treatment patients with stage Ⅳ(P <0.05).The clinical ef-ficiency of the retreatment patients with adenocarcinoma pathological type was significantly higher than that of the patients without adenocarcinoma pathological type (P <0.05).The main adverse reactions of the patients were nausea,diarrhea,rash,vomiting,loss of appetite.Conclusion The clinical efficiency of the combined sequential application of erlotinib between the chemothera-py periods in the treatment of the patients with advanced NSCLC is not high.Smoking history, age,tumor stage,pathological type may affect its curative effect.The effects of this therapy in controlling the disease progress of the initial treatment patients are more significant,the adverse reactions are mild,and the tolerance of the patients for the therapy is higher.

Objective To study the effect of mental intervention on pregnant result in patients undergoing IVF-ET treatment.Methods 206 patients undergoing IVF-ET treatment in the hospital from February 2012 to Jan-uary 2013 were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The experiment group (n=103) was followed by mental intervention after the patients enrolled the IVF-ET treatment, the control group (n=103) enrolled the IVF-ET treatment without mental intervention.Results The HAMA and HAMD quantity grades for anxious and depression of patients in the experiment group were significantly lower than those of control ( <0.01), and the pregnancy rate of experiment group (45.63%) was higher than that of control (30.10%) <0.05. Conclusion Mental intervention for patients undergoing IVF-ET treatment could alleviate their anxiety-depression and improve the pregnancy rate of IVF.