Peri-implant diseases are inflammatory diseases in the spectrum of oral diseases, which are caused by the dysbiosis of peri-implant flora and the imbalance between microorganism and host. Peri-implant diseases are divided into two types: peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. The diagnostic definition of peri-implant mucositis is based on presence of peri-implant signs of inflammation (redness, swelling, line or drop of bleeding/suppuration following probing) and no additional bone loss following initial healing. The clinical definition of peri-implantitis is based on not only the presence of peri-implant signs of inflammation but also radiographic evidence of bone loss following initial healing. Peri-implant diseases, like periodontitis, have clear etiology, histopathological features, clinical manifestations, and current international consensus diagnostic criteria. This article provides an overview of the etiology, histopathological features, key points of examination and diagnosis, prevention and non-surgical treatment, and surgical treatment of peri-implant diseases. The aim is to raise the awareness of dentists, especially those who specialize in oral implantology and restoration, to have a concept of periodontal and implant health, master the basic theoretical knowledge and prevention and treatment methods of peri-implant diseases, and also inform patients to control plaque and maintain their oral health.

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors for special interests in rheumatology diseases in residents after their completion of standardized residency training.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted among general practitioners who participated in residential training in the base from September 1, 2011 to June 30, 2024, and the possible influencing factors were collected and analyzed.Results:Eighty-six cases (63.2%) of general practitioners expressed interest in rheumatology. A higher proportion of physicians showed interest in rheumatology when they engaged in the following activities: taking rheumatology as a subspecialty in practice on rheumtic diseases [16.3% (14/86) vs. 0 (0/50), χ2=15.93, P<0.001], taking night shifts during rheumatology rotation [57.0%(49/86) vs. 20% (10/50), χ2=17.60, P<0.001], studying with mentors of rheumatogy[89.5%(77/86) vs. 54.0%(27/50), χ2=22.19, P<0.001], participating in research on rheamatic diseases[16.3% (14/86) vs. 2.0% (1/50), χ2=6.57, P=0.010], involved in rheumatology outpatient teaching sessions [33.7%(29/86) vs. 8.0% (4/50), χ2=11.38, P<0.001], and receiving career guidance on mentors of rheumatology[39.5%(34/86) vs. 18.0% (9/50), χ2=6.78, P=0.012]. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that the following were independent promoting factors for developing interest in rheumatology: taking rheumatology as a subspecialty in practice [ OR(95% CI) =3.82 (1.5,9.7), P=0.005], taking night shifts during rheumatology rotation [ OR(95% CI) =3.41 (1.25,9.28), P=0.017], and studying with mentors of rheumatology[ OR(95% CI) =6.44 (2.18,19.08), P<0.001]. Conclusion:Most residents expressed interest in rheumatology. Taking rheumatology as a practice sub-specialty, taking night shifts and during rotation and learning from mentors have a positive impact on residents interest in rheumatology after their completion of residency.

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors for special interests in rheumatology diseases in residents after their completion of standardized residency training.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted among general practitioners who participated in residential training in the base from September 1, 2011 to June 30, 2024, and the possible influencing factors were collected and analyzed.Results:Eighty-six cases (63.2%) of general practitioners expressed interest in rheumatology. A higher proportion of physicians showed interest in rheumatology when they engaged in the following activities: taking rheumatology as a subspecialty in practice on rheumtic diseases [16.3% (14/86) vs. 0 (0/50), χ2=15.93, P<0.001], taking night shifts during rheumatology rotation [57.0%(49/86) vs. 20% (10/50), χ2=17.60, P<0.001], studying with mentors of rheumatogy[89.5%(77/86) vs. 54.0%(27/50), χ2=22.19, P<0.001], participating in research on rheamatic diseases[16.3% (14/86) vs. 2.0% (1/50), χ2=6.57, P=0.010], involved in rheumatology outpatient teaching sessions [33.7%(29/86) vs. 8.0% (4/50), χ2=11.38, P<0.001], and receiving career guidance on mentors of rheumatology[39.5%(34/86) vs. 18.0% (9/50), χ2=6.78, P=0.012]. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that the following were independent promoting factors for developing interest in rheumatology: taking rheumatology as a subspecialty in practice [ OR(95% CI) =3.82 (1.5,9.7), P=0.005], taking night shifts during rheumatology rotation [ OR(95% CI) =3.41 (1.25,9.28), P=0.017], and studying with mentors of rheumatology[ OR(95% CI) =6.44 (2.18,19.08), P<0.001]. Conclusion:Most residents expressed interest in rheumatology. Taking rheumatology as a practice sub-specialty, taking night shifts and during rotation and learning from mentors have a positive impact on residents interest in rheumatology after their completion of residency.

Peri-implant diseases are inflammatory diseases in the spectrum of oral diseases, which are caused by the dysbiosis of peri-implant flora and the imbalance between microorganism and host. Peri-implant diseases are divided into two types: peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. The diagnostic definition of peri-implant mucositis is based on presence of peri-implant signs of inflammation (redness, swelling, line or drop of bleeding/suppuration following probing) and no additional bone loss following initial healing. The clinical definition of peri-implantitis is based on not only the presence of peri-implant signs of inflammation but also radiographic evidence of bone loss following initial healing. Peri-implant diseases, like periodontitis, have clear etiology, histopathological features, clinical manifestations, and current international consensus diagnostic criteria. This article provides an overview of the etiology, histopathological features, key points of examination and diagnosis, prevention and non-surgical treatment, and surgical treatment of peri-implant diseases. The aim is to raise the awareness of dentists, especially those who specialize in oral implantology and restoration, to have a concept of periodontal and implant health, master the basic theoretical knowledge and prevention and treatment methods of peri-implant diseases, and also inform patients to control plaque and maintain their oral health.

Fusarium is the most common mold in clinical practice,which may cause superficial infection in hosts with normal immune function,such as keratitis and severe disseminated infection(primarily manifested as fungemia)in individuals with poor immune function.Prevention and treatment of fusaridiosis are associated with long-term survival of kidney transplant recipients.To promote the standardization of clinical diagnosis and treatment of invasive fusaridiosis in kidney transplant recipients,Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association initiated and formulated"Guidelines for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Invasive Fusaridiosis in Kidney Transplant Recipients in China".In this guideline,the levels of evidence and strengths of recommendation for each clinical problem were classified using Oxford Center for Evidence-based Medicine of 2009.Regarding 13 clinical problems related to clinical diagnosis and treatment of invasive fusaridiosis after kidney transplantation,14 recommendations were proposed in accordance with clinical diagnosis and treatment practice in China,aiming to promote the standardization of diagnosis and treatment of invasive fusaridiosis after kidney transplantation and improve long-term survival of both recipients and renal allografts after kidney transplantation.

Objective:To evaluate the correlation between peri-implant probing depth (PPD) and radiographic bone level (rBL) in implants with peri-implantitis.Methods:From January 2019 to December 2022, 24 patients with 30 implants who suffered from peri-implantitis at the Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology were included in the present research. SPSS 26.0 software was used to simple random sampling select 30 healthy implants from which with electronic examination records in Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 2007 to June 2023 as the control group. On the premise of retaining the implant prosthesis, PPD (distance between pocket bottom and peri-implant soft tissue margin) was examined using a Williams periodontal probe with a light force (about 0.2 N), and a total of 4 sites were recorded for each implant. Periapical radiography and cone beam CT were applied to measure the rBL (distance between the reference point at the neck of the implant and the apical point of the bone defect) and the width of the bone defect (DW), and the type of the bone defect was recorded. The correlation and consistency between the diagnosis of PPD and rBL were analyzed.Results:PPD was significantly correlated with rBL in a total of 60 implants in 180 sites ( r=0.64, P<0.001). The chi-square test showed an 8.15-fold increase in the detection rate of PD≥6 mm at sites with rBL≥1 mm ( P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that rBL was still statistically associated with PPD after adjustment for jaw position and examination position of implants. Take rBL <1 mm as reference, the odds ratios ( OR) of 1 mm≤rBL<2 mm, 2 mm≤rBL<3 mm and rBL≥3 mm group with PPD were 6.23 ( P=0.014), 2.77 ( P=0.183) and 10.87 ( P=0.001), respectively. Conclusions:There is a positive correlation between PPD and rBL in implants with peri-implantitis. PPD can be used as a clinical examination index to assist in estimating the level of peri-implant bone under the premise of retaining the prosthesis.

Maxillary sinus is located in the maxilla bone with the largest volume in all sinuses and is closest to the roots of maxillary posterior teeth, especially the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary second molar. The thickness of the normal maxillary sinus mucosa is about 1 mm. When stimulated or infected, it shows thickening of the mucosa. Periodontitis is one of the most common oral diseases in human beings, and the complex root anatomy of the maxillary molars aggravates the difficulty of inflammation control. Severe periodontitis of maxillary molars without effective treatment can affect the maxillary sinus, increasing the possibility of the mucosa thickening, and is also one of the reasons for the occurrence of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (OMS). There are many different schemes for the treatment of OMS caused by severe periodontitis of maxillary molars. Extraction of teeth with severe periodontal disease without retention value or successful periodontal treatment can significantly reduce the thickness of maxillary sinus mucosa. For the patients with uncontrollable sinusitis by using drug treatment and eliminating odontogenic causes, or ones with severe symptoms, periodontal treatment and endoscopic sinus surgery can be combined to effectively control the periodontitis related maxillary sinusitis.

Background::Heterotaxy (HTX) is a thoracoabdominal organ anomaly syndrome and commonly accompanied by congenital heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to analyze rare copy number variations (CNVs) in a HTX/CHD cohort and to examine the potential mechanisms contributing to HTX/CHD.Methods::Chromosome microarray analysis was used to identify rare CNVs in a cohort of 120 unrelated HTX/CHD patients, and available samples from parents were used to confirm the inheritance pattern. Potential candidate genes in CNVs region were prioritized via the DECIPHER database, and PNPLA4 was identified as the leading candidate gene. To validate, we generated PNPLA4-overexpressing human induced pluripotent stem cell lines as well as pnpla4-overexpressing zebrafish model, followed by a series of transcriptomic, biochemical and cellular analyses. Results::Seventeen rare CNVs were identified in 15 of the 120 HTX/CHD patients (12.5%). Xp22.31 duplication was one of the inherited CNVs identified in this HTX/CHD cohort, and PNPLA4 in the Xp22.31 was a candidate gene associated with HTX/CHD. PNPLA4 is expressed in the lateral plate mesoderm, which is known to be critical for left/right embryonic patterning as well as cardiomyocyte differentiation, and in the neural crest cell lineage. Through a series of in vivo and in vitro analyses at the molecular and cellular levels, we revealed that the biological function of PNPLA4 is importantly involved in the primary cilia formation and function via its regulation of energy metabolism and mitochondria-mediated ATP production. Conclusions::Our findings demonstrated a significant association between CNVs and HTX/CHD. Our data strongly suggested that an increased genetic dose of PNPLA4 due to Xp22.31 duplication is a disease-causing risk factor for HTX/CHD.

The S3 level clinical practice guideline for the prevention and treatment of peri-implant diseases, developed by the European Federation of Periodontology, was published in June, 2023 (DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13823), which culminated in the recommendations for implementation of various different interventions before, during and after implant placement/loading. Aim of the present article is to summarize and interpret the key points of this guideline and help clinicians understand this guideline better, in order to standardize the prevention and treatment of peri-implant diseases.

Objective:To analyze the fail mode of neoadjuvant therapy combined with surgery for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after long-term follow-up.Methods:Clinical data of consecutive 238 patients with locally advanced resectable ESCC who underwent neoadjuvant therapy combined with surgery in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from September 2012 to October 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The failure mode in the whole cohort was analyzed after long-term follow-up. The overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) rates were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Survival differences were determined by log-rank test.Results:The pathological complete response (pCR) rate was 42.0% in 238 patients. After a median follow-up of 46.1 months, tumor progression occurred in 96 patients (40.3%), including 25 patients (10.5%) with local recurrence, 61 patients (25.6%) with distant metastases, and 10 patients (4.2%) with simultaneous local recurrence and distant metastases. The median OS and DFS were 64.7 months and 49.9 months. And the 3-, 5-, and 7-year OS and DFS rates were 70.0%, 52.8%, 36.4% and 63.5%, 42.5%, and 30.0%, respectively. The 3-, 5-, and 7-year locoregional recurrence-free survival rates and distant metastasis-free survival rates were 86.0%, 71.4%, 61.2% and 70.6%, 55.9%, 43.0%. Compared with non-pCR patients, the overall progression rate and distant metastasis rate of pCR patients were lower (26.0% vs. 50.7%, 16.0% vs. 32.6%, both P<0.05). And the 3-, 5-, and 7-year OS (83.0% vs. 60.2%, 69.7% vs. 41.7%, 50.4% vs. 27.7%, all P<0.001) and DFS rates (80.4% vs. 51.4%, 63.9% vs. 31.2%, 45.9% vs. 20.3%, all P<0.001) were significantly better in pCR patients. Conclusions:Distant metastasis is the main failure mode of patients with locally advanced ESCC after neoadjuvant therapy. Patients with postoperative pCR can achieve better long-term survival.