OBJECTIVE To provide a reference for optimizing and promoting the quality standards of Shechuan naolitong granules. METHODS Fifteen batches of Shechuan naolitong granules were used as samples to establish HPLC fingerprints using the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine （2012 edition）. Similarity evaluation and common peak identification were performed， and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） was used to assess quality differences among different batches and to screen quality differential components. Using salvianolic acid B（SAB） as the internal reference， quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker （QAMS） was developed to simultaneously determine geniposidic acid （GA）， chlorogenic acid （CA）， vaccarin （VA）， ferulic acid （FA） and senkyunolide I （SI）. The results were compared with those obtained by the external standard method. RESULTS A total of 13 common peaks were identified in the HPLC fingerprints of 15 batches of samples， and the similarities of the spectra were all above 0.96. Seven chromatographic peaks were identified as GA （peak 3）， CA （peak 6）， VA （peak 8）， FA （peak 9）， SI （peak 11）， SAB（peak 12） and TA（peak 13）. OPLS-DA indicated that the differential quality markers among 15 batches were peaks 5， 11 （SI）， and 12 （SAB）.Using SAB as the internal reference， the relative correction factors for GA， CA， VA， FA and SI were calculated as 1.058 4， 0.594 3， 0.643 3， 0.342 7 and 0.262 8， respectively. The mean content of GA， CA， VA， FA， SI and SAB across the 15 batches of samples were 0.155 0， 0.085 4， 0.140 3， 0.071 8， 0.072 7， 1.276 3 mg/g， respectively， showing no significant difference compared with the ESM （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The established HPLC fingerprint and QAMS are simple， efficient and economical， providing a reference for the quality control and further development of Shechuan naolitong granules.

With rapid development of information technology,blended teaching model has gradually become mainstream teaching model in most colleges and universities.How to evaluate students'learning effect and analyze factors that affect students'per-formance is a key research direction of this teaching model.Taking blended teaching of Medical Immunology course in Xinxiang Medical University as an example,this paper introduces implementation process and evaluation system of blended teaching,analyzes main factors affecting students'performance and learning effect,and focuses on discussing influence of formative evaluation and"flipped classroom"on students'academic performance.

Objective:To investigate the effect of five-element music therapy combined with meridian-based acupoint massage timed according to qi circulationon on negative emotions and sleep quality in older adults with chronic heart failure. Methods:A total of 112 older adult patients with chronic heart failure who received treatment at The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University between January 2022 and June 2023 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into a control group ( n = 56) and a study group ( n = 56) using the random number table method. Based on conventional treatment, the control group received five-element music therapy, while the intervention group underwent a combination of five-element music therapy and meridian-based acupoint massage timed according to qi circulation. Before and after the intervention, a comparison was made between the two groups in terms of the scores of the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and various dimensions of the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). Additionally, the sleep outcome and patient satisfaction were also compared between the two groups. Results:After intervention, the scores of the HAMA and HAMD in the study group were (11.29 ± 2.48) points and (12.48 ± 3.36) points, respectively. In contrast, the control group had scores of (15.93 ± 3.35) points and (16.50 ± 4.32) points, respectively. After intervention, the scores of the HAMA and HAMD scales in both the study and control groups demonstrated a significant reduction in comparison with their respective pre-intervention scores [study group: (20.13 ± 5.18) points, (23.95 ± 8.97) points, control group: (19.36 ± 5.45) points, (23.79 ± 7.61) points, t = 15.35, 10.24, 5.65, 8.93, all P < 0.001). After intervention, the scores of the HAMA and HAMD scales in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t = -8.34, -5.49, both P < 0.001). After intervention, the scores of the PSQI in the study and control groups were (7.05 ± 0.96) points and (9.91 ± 1.28) points, respectively. After intervention, the scores of PSQI in both the study and control groups demonstrated a significant reduction compared with their respective pre-intervention scores [study group: (12.98 ± 2.21) points, control group: (12.50 ± 2.48) points, t = 24.68, 9.79, both P < 0.05]. After intervention, the score of the PSQI in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( t = 13.34, P < 0.05). Based on the scores across various dimensions of the MLHFQ, it was observed that after intervention, the scores of emotional, physical, and other domains in both the study and control groups [study group: (9.36 ± 2.29) points, (16.95 ± 3.80) points, (18.50 ± 2.33) points; control group: (12.93 ± 2.00) points, (19.98 ± 3.98) points, (20.04 ± 2.24) points] decreased significantly compared with their pre-intervention scores [study group: (15.57 ± 1.55) points, (26.23 ± 4.63) points, (21.18 ± 2.50) points, control group: (16.09 ± 1.87) points, (25.32 ± 4.40) points, (21.57 ± 2.69) points, t = 21.66, 18.55, 8.44, 11.29, 11.73, 4.61, all P < 0.001]. After intervention, the scores of emotional, physical, and other domains in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t = -8.79, -4.13, -3.56, all P < 0.05). Patient satisfaction in the study group was superior to that that in the control group [98.21% (55/56) vs. 87.50% (49/56), χ2 = -3.09, P < 0.05]. Total effective rate of intervention on sleep in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group [92.86% (52/56) vs. 78.57% (44/56), χ2 = -2.09, P < 0.05]. Conclusion:Five-element music therapy combined with meridian-based acupoint massage timed according to qi circulationon in the treatment of chronic heart failure in older adults can effectively alleviate negative emotions, improve the quality of life and sleep, and increase patient satisfaction with nursing care.

Objective In this study,we compared the masticatory efficiency,occlusal functional indexes,and satisfaction of lingual-ized occlusion(LO)vs.anatomic occlusion(AO)and discussed the difference between these occlusions.Methods Twenty edentulous patients were included in this clinical trial during 2021 April to December.They were divided into 2 groups according to their denture occlusion.Masticatory efficiency was tested by chewing the same amount of peanuts(by weight)and then the absorption of the solution was compared under a spectrophotometer after wearing dentures for 1 month.The TeeTester occlusion analysis system was used to test masticatory function,and satisfaction research was conducted for the edentulous patients at this time point as well.Finally,statistical analyses were conducted to compare the difference in masticatory efficiency between AO and LO by SPSS 20.0.Results The indexes of LO were worse than AO in masticatory efficiency,masticatory function and most of satisfaction research,while LO was better than AO in speech recovery.The difference was only statistically significant in COF-y of masticatory function(P＜0.05).Conclusion LO is similar with AO in terms of masticatory efficiency,satisfaction and denture stability;LO has good performance in denture's fit and use for patients.

CRISPR-Associated Protein 9 ; Gene Editing ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics*

Objective:To evaluate the new model of group screening combined with opportunistic screening for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.Methods:Group screening combined with opportunistic screening was used for gastric cancer screening. (1) Group screening. Cluster sampling was used to screen gastric cancer by endoscopy in high-risk population (aged 40-<70 years) of rural residents in Weihai from July 2017 to December 2020, and biopsy was obtained for histopathology if necessary. Main collection parameters included the detection rate of advanced gastric cancer, early gastric cancer and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN). (2) Opportunistic screening. The changes of the detection rates of early gastric cancer in opportunistic screening in 2 hospitals in Weihai area were observed during the same period of time.Results:(1) In group screening, from July 2017 to December 2020, the first batch of 8 000 cases of gastric cancer screening were completed. The cases of advanced gastric cancer, early gastric cancer and HGIN were 36, 28, and 62, respectively. The detection rates of gastric cancer and early gastric cancer were 0.80% (64/8 000) and 43.75% (28/64), respectively. The proportion of early gastric cancer+HGIN who received endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was 77.78% (70/90), and the rate of curative resection was 100.00%(70/70). (2) Opportunistic screening: from July 2017 to December 2020, the annual early gastric cancer detection rates in opportunistic screening in Wendeng District Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital were 16.67% (1/6), 20.00% (3/15), 23.53% (4/17), and 33.33% (6/18) in the consecutive 4 years, respectively. The annual detection rates of early gastric cancer in opportunistic screening in Ru Shan Peoples Hospital were 14.74% (14/95), 23.80% (60/252), 25.49% (65/255), and 24.04% (50/208), respectively. The detection rates of opportunistic screening for early gastric cancer in hospitals in Weihai city increased year by year.Conclusion:In areas with high incidence of gastric cancer, a certain scale of group screening can lead to a wider range of opportunistic screening, resulting in the increase of the detection rate of early gastric cancer. The new model of diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer is worth recommendation.

In the 42 nd and 44 th workshops of CSPEN-nutritional risk-undernutrition-support-outcome-cost effectiveness ratio (NUSOC) multi-center database collaboration group, Jens Kondrup and Henrik Rasmussen described again the application of NRS 2002, the evidence-based basis of NRS 2002 development and the methodology for prospective validation of clinical effectiveness. There is no gold standard for validation. They both considered that malnutrition could be identified as a score of 3 or more for impaired nutritional status in NRS 2002. Although NRS 2002 is simple and easy to be applied, it is not comprehensive enough for malnutrition diagnosis. ASPEN and ESPEN on-line published the Global Leadership (nutritional) Initiative on Malnutrition(GLIM)diagnosis criteria in September 2018. With the gradual implementation of medicare payment based on diagnosis related groups(DRG)in China, the nutritional risk and the malnutrition diagnosis with Chinese version of ICD-10 (2016) code should be recorded in the first page of the medical records. In this terminology interpretations, the terms of nutritional risk screening(NRS 2002.01.016)and malnutrition diagnosis (GLIM-phenotypic criteria 01.028, etiologic criteria 01.029) published in Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Terminology 2019 are discussed based on the reports given by Kondrup and Rasmussen in Beijing and Zhengzhou.

Objective:To explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and the risk for ischemic stroke in adults in China.Methods:A total of 36 632 adults were selected from 60 surveillance areas (25 urban surveillance areas and 35 rural surveillance areas) in China Chronic Disease Surveillance Project in 2010 for a follow up study from 2016 to 2017 based on the baseline data in 2010. The follow up was completed for 27 762 adults. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the association of body mass index and waist circumference with the risk for ischemic stroke in different populations. The death and hypercholesterolemia cases were excluded by sensitivity analysis.Results:A total of 26 907 adults were included in the analysis. During the follow up period, 1 128 ischemic stroke events were observed (491 in men and 637 in women). After adjusting the related confounding factors and taking normal BMI/normal WC group as the reference, the risk for ischemic stroke increased by 50% in normal BMI/abdominal obesity group ( HR=1.50, 95% CI:1.07-2.08), 51% in overweight/abdominal obesity group ( HR=1.51, 95% CI:1.20-1.91), 46% in obesity/abdominal obesity group ( HR=1.46, 95% CI:1.09-1.96), and 63% in normal BMI/abdominal obesity group ( HR=1.63, 95% CI:1.12-2.38), 56% in overweight/abdominal obesity group ( HR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.20-2.03) and 45% in obesity/abdominal obesity group ( HR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.05-2.01) respectively in men and in men with CVD risk factors. There was no increased risks in the overweight/normal WC group. The risk increased by 40% in overweight/abdominal obesity group ( HR=1.40, 95% CI:1.15-1.72) and 46% in obesity/abdominal obesity group ( HR=1.46, 95% CI:1.16-1.83), and 35% in overweight/abdominal obesity group ( HR=1.35, 95% CI:1.08-1.69) and 30% in obesity/abdominal obesity group ( HR=1.30, 95% CI:1.01-1.67) respectively in women and women with CVD risk factors. There were no risk increases in overweight/normal WC group and normal BMI/abdominal obesity group. Sensitivity analysis results showed no change. Conclusion:Overweight/obesity with abdominal obesity or abdominal obesity alone could increase the risk for stroke in men, and overweight/obesity with abdominal obesity could increase the risk for ischemic stroke in women; suggesting that BMI and WC should be used jointly to evaluate obesity in population for weight control to prevent ischemic stroke.

Objective:To analyze the association between waist-to-height ratio and the overall and type specific incidence of stroke in adults in China.Methods:A total of 36 632 people were selected from 60 surveillance sites (25 in urban area and 35 in rural area) in China Chronic Disease Surveillance Project in 2010. The China Chronic Disease Surveillance Project data in 2010 were used as baseline data. A total of 27 762 people were followed up from 2016 to 2017. Cox proportional risk regression model was used to analyze the risk ratio of waist-to-height ratio for the overall and type specific incidence of stroke. Subgroup analyses were performed based on baseline characteristics such as age and sex, and sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding those who died and those with diabetes at baseline survey.Results:A total of 27 112 subjects were included in the stroke analysis, and 1 333 stroke events were observed. A total of 26 907 subjects were included in the ischemic stroke analysis, and 1 128 ischemic stroke events were observed. A total of 25 984 subjects were included in the hemorrhagic stroke analysis, and 205 cases of hemorrhagic stroke were observed. After adjusting for relevant confounders and taking group with waist-to-height ratio of 0-0.45 as a reference, the stroke analysis indicated that in groups with waist-to-height ratio of 0.46-0.49, 0.50-0.54 and ≥0.55 the risk for stroke increased by 21% ( HR=1.21, 95% CI:1.00-1.46), 26% ( HR=1.26, 95% CI:1.04-1.53) and 60% ( HR=1.60, 95% CI:1.29-1.99) respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that age specific waist-to-height ratio had modification effect on the risk for stroke (interaction P=0.001). Ischemic stroke analysis indicated that in groups with waist-to-height ratio of 0.46-0.49, 0.50-0.54 and ≥0.55 the risk for ischemic stroke increased by 30% ( HR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.05-1.60), 33% ( HR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.07-1.64) and 61% ( HR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.26-2.05) respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that age specific waist-to-height ratio had modification effect on the risk for ischemic stroke (interaction P=0.024). Hemorrhagic stroke analysis indicated that in group with waist-to-height ratio of ≥0.55 the risk for hemorrhagic stroke increased by 73% ( HR=1.73, 95% CI: 1.02-2.94), but the differences in the risk increase in groups with waist-to-height ratio of 0.46-0.49 and 0.50-0.54 were not significant. The sensitivity analysis showed no changes. Conclusions:In the prevention and control of stroke by body weight control, it is necessary to take waist to height ratio as one of the indicators of body weight control. Particular attention needed to be paid to the people aged <50 years with waist-to-height ratio of ≥0.55 as well as those with waist-to-height ratio of <0.5 (i.e., 0.46-0.49).

Objective:To explore the relationship between sedentary time and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in adults in China.Methods:Data collected from the Chinese Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance (CCDRFS) in 2010 were used as baseline data. Eight provinces where CCDRFS were conducted in 2010 were selected, and two surveillance spots (one in urban area and another one in rural area) of each provinces were further selected for the follow-up studies. After excluding diagnosed diabetes patients according to baseline data, a total of 8 625 of subjects were recruited as participants. In the follow up carried out from 2016 to 2017, a total of 5 991 people received complete follow up. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the relationship between sedentary time and the incidence of type 2 diabetes, and subgroup analysis was conducted based on variables such as gender, geographic area, and urban area or rural areas.Results:A total of 5 782 subjects were included in final analysis. During an average 6.4 years of follow up (36 927.0 person-years), 592 participants developed type 2 diabetes, the incidence rate was 16.0 per 1 000 person years. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that after adjustment for possible confounders, compared with the 0.0-h/d group, the risk of diabetes incidence increased by 33% ( HR=1.33, 95 %CI: 1.05-1.68) for those who had sedentary time for more than 6.0 h every day. The subgroup analysis showed that the significant association was only observed in those who were men, current smokers, central obese, had family history of diabetes, had rural residency, and lived in eastern and central areas of China. Conclusions:Longer sedentary time can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle intervention should be strengthened to reduce sedentary time, especially for people who had sedentary time for more than 6.0 h every day.