ObjectiveTo understand the uncorrected visual acuity, spherical equivalent and hyperopia reserve of 6‒8-year-old primary school students in Jing’an District of Shanghai, and to provide a scientific basis for further myopia prevention and control. MethodsA total of 619 children aged between 6‒8 years old from three primary schools in Jing’an District were selected by cluster sampling method for uncorrected eye visual acuity examination and diopter examination after cycloplegia (mydriasis). ResultsThe mean uncorrected visual acuity of the619 students aged 6‒8 years old was (4.9±0.2), and the mean spherical equivalent was (0.84±1.11) D. The difference in uncorrected visual acuity was not statistically significant as the age increased (F=0.057, P=0.812), but the spherical equivalent decreased with the increase of age, showing a statistically significant difference (F=26.533, P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in uncorrected visual acuity(t=-1.614, P=0.107) and spherical equivalent (t=-1.675, P=0.094) between students of different genders. Finally, among the 619 students, 59.80% of them had abnormal uncorrected visual acuity, 34.90% had insufficient hyperopia reserve, and only 5.30% had sufficient hyperopia reserve. Besides, the proportion of abnormal uncorrected visual acuity in 7-year-old students was 67.50%, higher than that of students with other ages, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²_trend=29.729, P<0.001). While the difference in abnormal uncorrected visual acuity between students of different genders was not statistically significant (χ²=0.068, P=0.967). ConclusionThe deficiency of hyperopia reserve in 6‒8-year-old students in Jing’an District of Shanghai is serious. Attention should be paid to the visual acuity of school-aged children in lower grades, and intervention measures should be actively carried out to slow down the progression of myopia.

Retinal vein occlusion(RVO)is the second most common blinding retinal vascular disease, and its secondary macular edema(ME)is an important cause of visual function impairment in patients. Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)drugs serves as the first-line treatment, yet it is confronted with such issues as the need for repeated injections and non-response in some patients. Imaging and laboratory biomarkers play a crucial role in the early accurate diagnosis, prediction of disease progression, and evaluation of visual prognosis of RVO-ME. This study systematically reviews the research progress of imaging and laboratory biomarkers related to the prognosis of RVO-ME after anti-VEGF treatment in recent years, covering imaging biomarkers like central retinal thickness and ellipsoid zone integrity, as well as laboratory biomarkers such as serum APLN and aqueous humor IL-6. It summarizes the associations between different biomarkers and the prognosis of anti-VEGF therapy, aiming to provide a basis for the early accurate assessment and optimization of individualized treatment for RVO-ME patients, which holds significant clinical reference value.

Objective:To determine the clinical issues in the Clinical practice guidelines for postoperative pain management in adults (2024 edition). Methods:A preliminary list of clinical issues for the guidelines was developed through literature review, clinical surveys, and expert interviews. This was followed by two rounds of Delphi questionnaire surveys, with quality control and statistical analysis conducted using expert positive coefficient, mean item scores, full score ratio, coefficient of variation, Cronbach′s α coefficient, and expert authority level to finalize the list of clinical issues.Results:The experts participating in the Delphi questionnaire surveys had multidisciplinary collaborative backgrounds and regional representativeness, with a high level of authority. The overall positive coefficient of expert participation in the surveys was 78.9%. Through two rounds of the Delphi method and based on the screening criteria of a mean score ≥3.5, coefficient of variation ≤30%, and full score ratio ≥30%, 17 clinical issues were ultimately included following an expert consensus meeting.Conclusions:Through the Delphi method and rigorous quality control, the clinical issues in the Clinical practice guidelines for postoperative pain management in adults (2024 edition) are determined, laying a foundation for the subsequent development of the guidelines.

Objective:To develop a laser-induced graphene (LIG)-based multimodal electrochemical sensor for monitoring the burn wound microenvironment and to evaluate its performance.Methods:This study was an experimental study. LIG three-electrode substrates were functionalized with L-lactate oxidase, polyaniline, and sortase A to fabricate lactate sensor, pH sensor, and bacterial sensor, respectively, thereby constituting the LIG-based multimodal electrochemical sensor. An electrochemical workstation was used to assess the electrochemical performance of the lactate sensor and bacterial sensor by cyclic voltammetry, with voltammetric response curves being plotted. An electrochemical workstation was used to assess the lactate sensor's response to lactate by chronoamperometry (with current-time curve being recorded and calibration curve being plotted during the test in the L-lactic acid solution with a molar concentration of 10-60 mmol/L), the pH sensor's response to pH by open-circuit potential measurement (with open-circuit potential-time curve being recorded and calibration curve being plotted during the test in the standard buffer solutions with pH values ranging from 3 to 8), and the bacterial sensor's response to bacteria by differential pulse voltammetry (with current-voltage curve being recorded and calibration curve being plotted during the test in gradient suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus ranging from 1×103-1×10? colony forming unit (CFU)/mL). The sample size for all the above experiments was 3. The correlation analysis was performed on the current value of the lactate sensor and the lactate concentration, the average value of steady-state open circuit potential of the pH sensor and the pH value, and the peak current value of the bacterial sensor and the bacterial concentration value. Each of the prepared standard test system solutions for lactate, pH value, and bacteria were all aliquoted into 30 samples. The lactate concentration, pH value, and bacterial concentration were determined by the lactate sensor and a L-lactate assay kit, the pH sensor and a precision pH meter, and the bacterial sensor and a microvolume spectrophotometer, respectively. Fifteen pairs of matched data were selected according to the random number table method for comparison, and the correlation analysis was performed on the measured values of each sensor and the reference values of the corresponding standard methods. Results:The voltammetric response curves showed that the lactate sensor and the bacterial sensor exhibited distinct oxidation peak currents at oxidation peak potentials of approximately 0.74 and 0.65 V, respectively. In the lactate sensor, the change in current after addition of phosphate buffered solution was (0.025±0.041) μA, which was significantly lower than that after addition of L-lactate solution (0.228±0.117) μA ( t=2.85, P<0.05). In the L-lactic acid solution with a molar concentration of 10-60 mmol/L, the current value of the lactate sensor was significantly linearly correlated with the lactate concentration ( r=0.98, P<0.05). In the standard buffer solutions with pH values ranging from 3 to 8, the average value of steady-state open circuit potential of the pH sensor was significantly linearly correlated with the corresponding pH values ( r=0.96, P<0.05). In gradient suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus ranging from 1×103 to 1×10? CFU/mL, the peak current value of the bacterial sensor was significantly linearly correlated with the logarithm of bacterial concentration ( r=0.95, P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the lactate concentrations measured by the lactate sensor and by the L-lactate assay kit, pH values measured by the pH sensor and by the precision pH meter, and logarithmic bacterial concentrations measured by the bacterial sensor and by the microvolume spectrophotometer ( P>0.05), but there were significant positive correlations between the two (with r values of 0.97, 0.96, and 0.95, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusions:After functional modification, the developed LIG-based multimodal electrochemical sensor enables accurate monitoring of lactate concentration, pH value, and bacterial load in the burn wound microenvironment with the results being of high sensitivity and stability. This platform provides a reliable new approach for non-invasive monitoring of the critical indicators of burn wound microenvironment, which shows great prospects for clinical application.

Gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis (GCPM) is a common and lethal manifestation of advanced gastric cancer, with a median survival of only 5-11 months. This consensus was developed by 30 experts from Asia (China, Japan, Korea, and Singapore) using the Delphi method and the GRADE evidence grading system. A total of 29 statements were formulated, covering the diagnosis and assessment of GCPM, indications for laparoscopic exploration and NIPS (normothermic intraperitoneal and systemic treatment), treatment regimens, prevention and management of complications, criteria for conversion surgery, and postoperative intraperitoneal therapy. The consensus aims to standardize clinical practice and improve the prognosis of patients with GCPM.

Objective:To investigate the effect of type 2 taste receptor(T2R)38 activation on ferroptosis of human airway epithelium NuLi-1 cells induced by cigarette smoke exposure,and to clarify its possible mechanism.Methods:The human airway epithelial NuLi-1 cells were divided into control group(without any treatment),cigarette smoke extract(CSE)group(treated with 5％CSE for 24 h)and CSE+T2R38 specific agonist phenylthiocarbamide(PTC)group(CSE+PTC group)(treated with 5％CSE and 1 mmol·L-1 PTC for 24 h).The expression levels of T2R38 mRNA and protein in NuLi-1 cells in various groups were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)and Western blotting methods.The cell viabilities in various groups were determined by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay.The activities of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the cells in various groups were measured by kits.DAX-J2 red fluorescence probe was used to determine the levels of nitric oxide(NO)in the cells in various groups.The reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in the cells in various groups were detected by fluorescent probe kit.The levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),Fe2+,and reduced glutathione(GSH)in the cells in various groups were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)method.Western blotting method was used to determine the expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)and glutathione peroxidases 4(GPx4)proteins in the cells in various groups.Results:Compared with control group,the expression levels of T2R38 mRNA and protein in NuLi-1 cells in CSE group were increased(P＜0.05).Compared with control group,the viability of NuLi-1 cells in CSE group was decreased(P＜0.05),the activities of iNOS and SOD in cells in CSE group were increased(P＜0.05),the levels of NO and ROS were increased(P＜0.05),the levels of MDA and Fe2+were increased(P＜0.05),and the GSH level and the expression levels of Nrf2 and GPx4 proteins were decreased.Compared with CSE group,the viability of NuLi-1 cells in CSE+PTC group was increased(P＜0.05),the activity of SOD and the GSH level in the cells were increased(P＜0.05),the activity of iNOS in cells was decreased(P＜0.05),the levels of NO and ROS in cells were decreased(P＜0.05),the levels of MDA and Fe2+were decreased(P＜0.05),and the expression levels of Nrf2 and GPx4 proteins were increased(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in eNOS activity among control group,CSE group,and CSE+PTC group(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Activation of bitter taste receptor T2R38 can inhibit ferroptosis in human airway epithelium NuLi-1 cells induced by cigarette smoke exposure,and its mechanism may be related to the reduction of iNOS activity in the cells.

Objective To investigate the kinematic patterns of gate-turning techniques in sitting alpine skiing at the Winter Paralympic Games and their impacts on skiing performance.Methods Using drone footage and inertial sensor technology,kinematic data were collected from 11 alpine sit-skiers preparing for the Winter Paralympics.Key technical indicators such as turning radius,skiing speed,and trajectory length were analyzed for their relationship with skiing performance.Results The minimum turning radius during gate turns was(15.80±3.55)m,and turning radius showed a significant positive correlation with skiing time(r=0.40,P=0.02)and trajectory length(r=0.88,P＜0.01).The maximum skiing speed was(16.92±1.60)m/s,which was strongly negatively correlated with total skiing time(P＜0.01).Exit speed was also significantly positively correlated with total skiing distance(P＜0.05).Additionally,single-gate technical characteristics(such as turning radius and speed variation),were strongly reflective of overall skiing performance.Conclusions Optimizing turning radius and minimizing speed loss are critical for improving skiing efficiency.Single-gate kinematic analysis provides a scientific basis for overall technique optimization and offers valuable guidance for training and competition strategy design.

Objective:To study the epidemiological characteristics and clinical diagnosis of human brucellosis in Qujing City, Yunnan Province.Methods:Through the Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, the basic information and clinical diagnostic data of brucellosis cases reported in Qujing City from January 2008 to December 2023 were retrospectively collected. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic profile, three distribution characteristics (time, population, region), and diagnosis of brucellosis.Results:A total of 1 417 brucellosis cases were reported in Qujing City from 2008 to 2023, with no death. The annual average incidence of brucellosis was 1.49/100 000, with no cases reported in 2009 and 2010, and the highest incidence in 2023 (7.82/100 000). The incidence of brucellosis showed an increasing trend year by year (χ 2trend = 1 874.58, P < 0.001). The number of cases from June to November accounted for 61.54% (872/1 417). The majority of brucellosis cases were in the age group of 36 - 65 years old, accounting for 67.82% (961/1 417). Among them, there were 954 males and 463 females, with a gender ratio of 2.06 ∶ 1.00. Farmers were the main occupation, accounting for 84.33% (1 195/1 417). The cases were mainly distributed in Luliang County (621 cases), Xuanwei City (282 cases) and Shizong County (137 cases), accounting for 73.39% (1 040/1 417). The median interval between onset and diagnosis was 13 days, and the cases with intervals ≤7 d, 8 - 30 d, and ≥31 d accounted for 32.11% (455/1 417), 40.16% (569/1 417), and 27.73% (393/1 417), respectively. Totally 63.94% (906/1 417) of the cases were confirmed in medical institutions in Qujing City. Conclusions:The incidence of brucellosis in Qujing City is increasing year by year, with men, middle-aged and elderly people and farmers as the main population, summer and autumn as the peak period, and Luliang County, Xuanwei City and Shizong County as the high incidence areas. Most cases have an interval of less than 30 days between onset and diagnosis, and can be diagnosed within the jurisdiction.

Objective:To determine the clinical issues in the Clinical practice guidelines for postoperative pain management in adults (2024 edition). Methods:A preliminary list of clinical issues for the guidelines was developed through literature review, clinical surveys, and expert interviews. This was followed by two rounds of Delphi questionnaire surveys, with quality control and statistical analysis conducted using expert positive coefficient, mean item scores, full score ratio, coefficient of variation, Cronbach′s α coefficient, and expert authority level to finalize the list of clinical issues.Results:The experts participating in the Delphi questionnaire surveys had multidisciplinary collaborative backgrounds and regional representativeness, with a high level of authority. The overall positive coefficient of expert participation in the surveys was 78.9%. Through two rounds of the Delphi method and based on the screening criteria of a mean score ≥3.5, coefficient of variation ≤30%, and full score ratio ≥30%, 17 clinical issues were ultimately included following an expert consensus meeting.Conclusions:Through the Delphi method and rigorous quality control, the clinical issues in the Clinical practice guidelines for postoperative pain management in adults (2024 edition) are determined, laying a foundation for the subsequent development of the guidelines.

Objective:To study the epidemiological characteristics and clinical diagnosis of human brucellosis in Qujing City, Yunnan Province.Methods:Through the Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, the basic information and clinical diagnostic data of brucellosis cases reported in Qujing City from January 2008 to December 2023 were retrospectively collected. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic profile, three distribution characteristics (time, population, region), and diagnosis of brucellosis.Results:A total of 1 417 brucellosis cases were reported in Qujing City from 2008 to 2023, with no death. The annual average incidence of brucellosis was 1.49/100 000, with no cases reported in 2009 and 2010, and the highest incidence in 2023 (7.82/100 000). The incidence of brucellosis showed an increasing trend year by year (χ 2trend = 1 874.58, P < 0.001). The number of cases from June to November accounted for 61.54% (872/1 417). The majority of brucellosis cases were in the age group of 36 - 65 years old, accounting for 67.82% (961/1 417). Among them, there were 954 males and 463 females, with a gender ratio of 2.06 ∶ 1.00. Farmers were the main occupation, accounting for 84.33% (1 195/1 417). The cases were mainly distributed in Luliang County (621 cases), Xuanwei City (282 cases) and Shizong County (137 cases), accounting for 73.39% (1 040/1 417). The median interval between onset and diagnosis was 13 days, and the cases with intervals ≤7 d, 8 - 30 d, and ≥31 d accounted for 32.11% (455/1 417), 40.16% (569/1 417), and 27.73% (393/1 417), respectively. Totally 63.94% (906/1 417) of the cases were confirmed in medical institutions in Qujing City. Conclusions:The incidence of brucellosis in Qujing City is increasing year by year, with men, middle-aged and elderly people and farmers as the main population, summer and autumn as the peak period, and Luliang County, Xuanwei City and Shizong County as the high incidence areas. Most cases have an interval of less than 30 days between onset and diagnosis, and can be diagnosed within the jurisdiction.