Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke,characterized by a complex pathophysiology in which inflammato-ry responses play a pivotal role,significantly affecting patient outcomes.Following a stroke,the disruption of the blood-brain barrier facilitates interactions between the central nervous system(CNS)and the peripheral immune system,triggering a cascade of inflammatory responses that exacerbate ischemic brain injury.Microglia(MG),as the primary immune cells of the CNS,are highly sensitive to cerebral ischemia and interact with various peripheral immune cells to regulate the inflammatory response.For instance,neutrophils participate in early MG-mediated in-flammatory responses through the release of neutrophil extracel-lular traps;T cells interact with MG,exerting bidirectional effects on the spread of brain inflammation and tissue repair.Additionally,other immune cells such as B cells,monocytes/macrophages,and dendritic cells contribute to these processes through complex immune regulatory networks,influencing MG's inflammatory functions and its capacity for tissue repair.This re-view delves into the interaction mechanisms between MG and pe-ripheral immune cells,providing novel insights into the dynamic changes of post-stroke inflammation and potential directions for precision therapies aimed at modulating immune balance.

Since the global outbreak in 2022, the mpox epidemic has evolved from an African endemic to a public health emergency of international concern. The 2024 mpox outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo caused by the Clade Ⅰb lineage is yet another wake-up call, with markedly higher prevalence and fatality rates observed among children under 15 years of age, thereby presenting new challenges for the children. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen prevention and control, block mother-to-child transmission routes, and establish innovative models with active community participation to reduce the risk of mpox transmission. In the future, it is urgent to analyze molecular mechanisms underlying the mother-to-child transmission of the virus, develop targeted antiviral drugs, establish a pediatric critical disease scoring system, and incorporate mpox vaccines into the World Health Organization′s expanded programme on immunization.

The inclusion complex of taxifolin(TAX)with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(HP-β-CD)was prepared by saturated aqueous solution method,and the preparation conditions such as molar ratio,volume ratio of solution,inclusion temperature and inclusion time were selected by single-factor experiment.The orthogonal design of three-level four-factor L9(34)was used to screen the preparation process of the inclusion complex,and the inclusion complex was prepared with optimal preparation process.The prepared inclusion complex was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),nuclear magnetic resonance(1H NMR,2D NMR),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)absorption spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction(XRD).The inclusion ratio,biostability,solubility and in vitro release of the inclusion complex were investigated.The results of orthogonal experiments showed that the optimum conditions for preparation of the inclusion complex were as follows:the molar ratio of TAX to HP-β-CD was 1:1,the volume ratio of methanol to ultra-pure water was 1:8,the inclusion time was 8 h,and the inclusion temperature was 30℃.Under the optimal conditions,the inclusion ratio between TAX and HP-β-CD was calculated to be 1:1 by Job's curve method.According to the change of UV-vis absorption spectra,the host-guest complexation constant of 4.9488×104 L/mol was obtained by Benesi-Hildebrand curve method.The solubility of TAX increased from 1.2665 mg/mL to 19.3469 mg/mL after inclusion,demonstrating that HP-β-CD could serve as an effective host molecule for TAX,which could significantly enhance the bio-stability and solubility of the formed inclusion complex.

Objective:To explore the acupoint selection law of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of broca aphasia after stroke.Methods:RCT articles about acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for broca aphasia after stroke were retrieved from CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data, China Medical Journal Full-text Database, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science and Embase database from the establishment of the databases to May 31, 2024. Excel 2021, SPSS Statistics 27.0, SPSS Modeler 18.0 and Cytoscape 3.9.1 software were used to analyze the frequency of acupoint, clustering, association rules and core co-occurrence network.Results:A total of 87 articles were included, involving 100 acupuncture and moxibustion prescriptions and 101 acupoints/acupoint area, involving 6 types, including Lianquan (CV 23) (35 times), Jinjin (EX-HN12) (35 times) and Yuye (EX-HN13) (34 times). The selected acupoints were mainly distributed in the head, face, neck and lower limbs, and the meridians were mainly Governor Vessel and Conception Vessel; the specific acupoints were mainly original acupoints, followed by collaterals acupoints, and scalp acupuncture was used most frequently in special acupuncture (88 times). According to the clustering analysis of high-frequency acupoints/acupoint area, there were five effective groups, such as "Jinjin (EX-HN12)-Yuye (EX-HN13)-Lianquan (CV 23)-Baihui (GV 20)-Yamen (GV 15)". The core co-occurrence network analysis showed that the acupoints used most frequently were Lianquan (CV 23) and Jinjin (EX-HN12), and the highest correlation between the two acupoints was Jinjin (EX-HN12)-Yuye (EX-HN13).Conclusions:Acupuncture and moxibustion for the treatment of broca aphasia after stroke is often based on "awakening the brain as the outline, benefiting the marrow as the foundation, and resuscitation". Under the guidance of the theory of Zang-fu meridians and collaterals, through dredging the meridians and collaterals, tonifying the brain and opening and closing the sound, the recovery of language function can be achieved.

Objective:To explore the clinicopathological features of rectal neuroendocrine tumor (R-NET) G2, identify prognostic factors, and summarize treatment experience.Methods:The clinical data of patients diagnosed with R-NET G2 by pathological diagnosis admitted to Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2003 to September 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The Fisher's exact test and Kaplan-Meier curves were performed to analyze the association between pathological features and prognosis.Results:A total of 22 patients were enrolled in this study and 21 patients were followed up for a period of 6-98 months with a median follow-up time of 42 months. 5 patients died due to tumor progression during the follow-up period. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) of the whole group were 100.0%, 92.9%, and 69.6%, respectively. Of the 22 patients, 20 underwent surgical treatment, of which 15 underwent postoperative adjuvant therapy; 2 underwent medical treatment for liver and bone multiple metastases. The 5-year survival rates of patients with tumours ≥2 cm in length, T2-3 stage, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis (57.1%, 68.8%, 66.7%, and 63.6%, respectively) were shorter than those of patients with tumours <2 cm in length, T1 stage, no lymph node metastasis, and no distant metastasis (all 100.0%, P＜0.001). In addition, patients with liver metastases had larger primary tumor diameters and higher T-stages compared with those without distant metastasis ( P＜0.05). Conclusions:R-NET G2 has a high degree of malignancy compared with G1 and a high propensity for metastasis. Clinicians should formulate appropriate diagnostic and treatment strategies based on factors such as tumor size, depth of invasion, lymph node status, presence of distant metastasis, and the location and extent of distant metastasis.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and prognosis of preoperative treatment based on arterial infusion chemotherapy (PTAC) in patients with advanced gastric cancer.Methods:Clinical and follow-up data of 821 patients with advanced gastric cancer who received PTAC treatment at the General Hospital of the Eastern Theater Command of the People's Liberation Army from January 2001 to January 2021 were collected. According to the treatment regimen, patients were divided into the FLEEOX group (89 cases), the XEEOX group (196 cases), the SEEOX group (406 cases), and the SEEOX+PD-1 group (130 cases). The primary endpoint was the 3-year progression-free survival rate. Secondary endpoints included the 3-year overall survival rate, objective response rate, radical resection rate, major pathological response rate, and incidence of treatment associated adverse events.Results:After PTAC treatment, the objective response rate was 74.9% (615/821). A total of 671 patients underwent radical surgery, with a radical resection rate of 81.7% and an R0 resection rate of 70.2% (576/821). The pathological complete response rate was 16.7% (112/671), and the major pathological response rate was 32.2% (216/671). With an average follow-up of 27.7 months, the 3-year progression-free survival rate was 52.2%, and the 3-year overall survival rate was 55.8%. The 3-year progression-free survival rate of patients in the SEEOX+PD-1 group was 66.9%, the objective response rate was 83.8% (109/130), the major pathological response rate was 45.3% (53/117), and the radical resection rate was 90.0% (117/130), all of which were better than those in the XEEOX and SEEOX groups (all P＜0.05). However, during the treatment period, three patients in the SEEOX+PD-1 group died from immune-related adverse events. Conclusion:PTAC treatment is an effective preoperative treatment method for advanced gastric cancer, and is expected to further improve the treatment effect when combined with immunotherapy such as PD-1 monoclonal antibodies.

OBJECTIVE: The results of limited studies on the relationship between environmental pollution and dementia have been contradictory. We analyzed the combined effects of PM _2.5 and smoking on the prevalence of dementia and cognitive impairment in an elderly community-dwelling Chinese population. METHODS: We assessed 24,117 individuals along with the annual average PM _2.5 concentrations from 2012 to 2016. Dementia was confirmed in the baseline survey at a qualified clinical facility, and newly suspected dementia was assessed in 2017, after excluding cases of suspected dementia in 2015. National census data were used to weight the sample data to reflect the entire population in China, with multiple logistic regression performed to analyze the combined effects of PM _2.5 and smoking frequency on dementia and cognitive impairment. RESULTS: Individuals exposed to the highest PM _2.5 concentration and smoked daily were at higher risk of dementia than those in the lowest PM _2.5 concentration group ( OR, 1.603; 95% CI [1.626-1.635], P < 0.0001) and in the nonsmoking group ( OR, 1.248; 95% CI [1.244-1.252]; P < 0.0001). Moderate PM _2.5 exposure and occasional smoking together increased the short-term risk of cognitive impairment. High-level PM _2.5 exposure and smoking were associated with an increased risk of dementia, so more efforts are needed to reduce this risk through environmental protection and antismoking campaigns. CONCLUSION High-level PM _2.5 exposure and smoking were associated with an increased risk of dementia. Lowering the ambient PM _2.5, and smoking cessation are recommended to promote health.
Humans ; Dementia/etiology* ; Male ; Aged ; Female ; Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Particulate Matter/analysis* ; Smoking/epidemiology* ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Aged, 80 and over ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects* ; Prevalence ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites with diverse subtypes of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. METHODS: A novel predicting risk of cardiovascular disease EVENTs PREVENT equation was used to estimate the 10-year diverse subtypes of CVD risk, and their associations with PAH metabolites were analyzed using multiple logistic regression models, the weighted quantile sum (WQS) model, the quantile g-computation (qgcomp) model, and a stratified analysis of subgroups. RESULTS: For this study, six thousand seven hundred and forty-five participants were selected, and significant positive associations were observed between PAHs, naphthalene (NAP), and fluorene (FLU), and the risks of total CVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and heart failure (HF). NAP and FLU were the primary contributors to the effects of PAH mixtures, and their associations with total CVD, ASCVD, and HF risk were significant in younger participants (30 ≤ age < 50 years); however, the associations of phenanthrene (PHEN) with ASCVD, HF, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke were dominant in aging participants (age ≥ 50 years). Notably, pyrene (PYR) was negatively associated with the risk of ASCVD, HF, CHD, and stroke. Similarly, negative associations of PYR with the four CVD subtypes were noticeable in aging participants. CONCLUSION Different PAHs metabolites had different impacts on each CVD subtype among different age groups. Notably, the protective effects of PYR on ASCVD, HF, CHD, and stroke were noticeable in aging individuals.
Humans ; Cardiovascular Diseases/chemically induced* ; Middle Aged ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/metabolism* ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Aged ; Risk Factors ; China/epidemiology*

Ankle fractures are common traumatic injuries, especially among diabetic patients, and their treatment faces many challenges. Diabetic patients, due to factors such as long-term high blood sugar, osteoporosis, microvascular lesions and neuropathy, are prone to problems such as delayed fracture healing, increased risk of infection, non-union of fractures and postoperative complications, which affect their treatment effect and recovery process. Diabetes significantly affects the treatment of ankle fractures, mainly through factors such as high blood sugar, osteoporosis, microvascular lesions, and hypercoagulable state of the blood. In recent years, advancements in strong fixation techniques, blood glucose control and postoperative rehabilitation have achieved remarkable results in the treatment of ankle fractures for diabetic patients. However, at present, there are many studies on the treatment of ankle fractures in patients with diabetes, but there is still a lack of large-scale data reports. With the continuous advancement of medical technology, through precise admission assessment, perfect perioperative management, advanced fixation techniques and the latest treatment concepts, postoperative complications could be significantly reduced, and the fracture healing and prognosis of patients with ankle fractures combined with diabetes could be improved.
Humans ; Ankle Fractures/complications* ; Diabetes Complications/surgery* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Fracture Fixation, Internal

We propose a strategy to reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies in Chinese patients with total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) >10 ng ml -1 and Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) scores between 1 and 3. Clinical data derived from 517 patients of The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Hefei, China) from January 2020 to December 2023 who met the screening criteria for the study were retrospectively collected. Independent predictors were identified via univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The diagnostic capacity of clinical variables was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC). A prostate biopsy strategy was developed via risk stratification. Of the 517 patients, 17/348 (4.9%) with PI-RADS 1-2 were diagnosed with clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), and 27/169 (16.0%) patients with PI-RADS 3 were diagnosed with csPCa. The appropriate prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) cut-off values were 0.45 ng ml -2 for PI-RADS 1-2 patients and 0.3 ng ml -2 for PI-RADS 3 patients. The appropriate prostate volume (PV) cut-off values were 40 ml for PI-RADS 1-2 patients and 50 ml for PI-RADS 3 patients. The prostate biopsy strategy based on PSAD and PV developed in this study can reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies in patients with tPSA >10 ng ml -1 and PI-RADS 1-3. In the study, 66.5% (344/517) patients did not need to undergo prostate biopsy, at the expense of missing only 1.7% (6/344) patients with csPCa.
Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood* ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Prostate/diagnostic imaging* ; Unnecessary Procedures/statistics & numerical data* ; Biopsy/statistics & numerical data* ; China ; ROC Curve