OBJECTIVE: To investigate effectiveness of simplified all-arthroscopic Broström technique in treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability in adolescents. METHODS: A clinical data of 21 adolescent patients with chronic lateral ankle instability, who met the selection criteria and were admitted between June 2023 and May 2024, was retrospectively analyzed. There were 18 males and 3 females with an average age of 16.0 years (range, 13-18 years). There were 9 cases of left ankle joint injury and 12 cases of right ankle joint injury. Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) injury was diagnosed by arthroscopy in all patients. There were 11 cases of cartilage injury, 5 cases of avulsion fractures, and 6 cases of ankle impingement syndrome. The time from first sprain to operation ranged from 3-60 months (mean, 12.0 months). The ATFL was repaired and the ankle joint stability was restored by simplified all-arthroscopic Broström technique. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Tegner score, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, Karlsson ankle function scale (KAFS) score, Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) were used to evaluate ankle pain and function. MRI was used to evaluate the ligament healing. RESULTS: All patients were followed up 8-15 months (mean, 12.6 months). After operation, 1 patient suffered from superficial peroneal nerve injury, 1 patient developed anterior scar impingement on the ankle, 2 patients had superficial wound infection, and 1 patient suffered from sprain again. The VAS score, Tenger score, AOFAS score, KAFS score, and FAOS score significantly improved when compared with the preoperative scores ( P<0.05). MRI examination showed the ligament healing and good tension. CONCLUSION For adolescent patients with chronic lateral ankle instability, using simplified all-arthroscopic Broström technique to repair ATFL can effectively alleviate ankle pain, improve stability, and achieve good effectiveness.
Humans ; Joint Instability/surgery* ; Male ; Adolescent ; Female ; Arthroscopy/methods* ; Ankle Joint/physiopathology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Ankle Injuries/surgery* ; Lateral Ligament, Ankle/injuries* ; Treatment Outcome ; Chronic Disease ; Range of Motion, Articular

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of surgical methods for correcting pollybeak deformity in Chinese rhinoplasty.Methods:A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients who underwent pollybeak correction between January 2021 and December 2022 at the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. Individualized correction was tailored based on the etiology and severity of the nasal deformity of each patient, involving techniques such as resection of the anterior part of the nasal septum, reconstruction of nasal tip support, reconstruction of the middle part of the nasal vault, and excision of skin in the upper region of the nasal tip. A modified classification system for pollybeak deformity, the supratip fullness rating scale (SFRS), was developed to evaluate supratip fullness (0-3 points, with higher scores indicating more apparent deformity). The patients aesthetic outcomes were assessed by surgeons using the visual analogue scale (VAS) (0-10 points, with higher scores indicating more apparent deformity), and patient self-assessed using the rhinoplasty outcome evaluation (ROE) questionnaire (0-100 points, with higher scores indicating higher satisfaction). The measurement data of normal distribution was expressed as Mean±SD and analyzed by paired t-test; the measurement data of non-normal distribution was expressed as M( Q1, Q3) and analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results:In a cohort study of 53 rhinoplasty patients (7 male, 46 female; age range 19-45 years, mean 29 years), comprising 15 primary and 38 secondary surgeries, nasal tip deformities were evaluated. Deformities were classified as mild (5 cases), moderate (25 cases), and severe (23 cases). Over a follow-up period of 6-17 months (mean 9.5 months), significant aesthetic improvements in the nasal tip region were observed. The SFRS scores decreased from 2(2, 3) preoperatively to 0(0, 0) postoperatively ( Z = -6.58, P < 0.001), and VAS scores decreased from 7.47±1.73 to 1.79±1.67 ( t = -25.61, P < 0.001). High patient satisfaction was indicated by a mean ROE score of 82.45±11.55. No significant complications, such as nasal tip ptosis, skin necrosis, or scar hyperplasia, were reported. Conclusion:Selecting an appropriate surgical method based on the severity and cause of pollybeak deformity can achieve satisfactory outcomes. Post-operative patients exhibit significant aesthetic improvement in the upper nasal tip area, resulting in high patient satisfaction.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of modified superomedial pedicle technique using an inverted T-shaped incision for reduction mammaplasty and mastopexy.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of patients who underwent modified superomedial pedicle technique for breast reduction surgery with inverted T-shaped incision between March 2021 and March 2023 at the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. Preoperatively, a handheld Doppler ultrasound blood flow detector was used to detect and mark the exit points of the 2nd to 4th perforating vessels of the internal thoracic artery, and a superomedial pedicle containing at least two perforators was designed based on the perforator locations, with a pedicle width generally about 6 cm. Intraoperatively, the pedicle was rotated superolaterally, moving the nipple-areola complex (NAC) upwards to construct a fuller upper pole of the breast and removing excess skin in the lower fold to form a inverted T-shaped incision. Postoperatively, the blood supply of the NAC, breast morphology, and incidence of complications were observed and followed up. Canfield Mirror 7.1.1 software was utilized to measure pre- and post-operative breast morphology data from lateral photographs at 6 months, including total breast area, maximum breast protrusion, upper pole protrusion, lower pole height, and nipple elevation height. The BREAST-Q questionnaire was used to survey patient satisfaction with breast appearance, psychosocial well-being, sexual well-being, and physical health before surgery and 6-12 months after surgery, with each dimension scoring 0-100 points, where higher scores indicate greater satisfaction and health. SPSS 28.0 software was used for data analysis, with normally distributed measurement data expressed as Mean±SD, and paired t-test was applied for comparisons of pre- and post-operative breast morphology data (the first 4 indicators) and BREAST-Q scores, with P<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 56 female patients were included, with an age of (32.0±6.7) years and a body mass index of (29.1±5.7) kg/m 2. Preoperative Doppler ultrasound blood flow detection showed that none of the patients had missing or significantly variant perforators of the superomedial pedicle. The volume of breast tissue removed ranged from 890 to 1 800 ml, averaging 1 250 ml, with an average pedicle width of 5.4 cm (4.0-7.0 cm). The follow-up period was (13.3±2.5) months, during which all patients exhibited good blood supply to the NAC and favorable breast morphology, with universal high satisfaction with surgical outcomes. Postoperatively, one case developed incisional seroma, which resolved naturally within 3 months; two cases experienced minor incision dehiscence, which healed well after dressing changes; all other patients recovered well without any complications such as flap necrosis or hematoma. Comparison of breast morphology data showed significant reductions in postoperative left and right total breast area ( P<0.05 for both), and increases in maximum breast protrusion and lower pole height postoperatively ( P<0.05 for both), while the difference in upper pole protrusion was not statistically significant ( P>0.05 for both); postoperative left and right nipple elevation heights were (6.30±1.84) cm and (6.52±1.66) cm, respectively. Among the 44 patients who completed the BREAST-Q survey both before and after surgery, scores showed significant improvements in postoperative breast satisfaction [(50.30±10.30) points vs. (83.20±6.02) points] ( t=5.17, P=0.008) and psychosocial well-being [(56.20±17.20) points vs. (89.70±2.70) points] ( t=5.09, P=0.010), while sexual well-being and physical health scores did not differ significantly from preoperative scores ( P>0.05 for both). Conclusion:Preoperative identification of perforator locations using a handheld Doppler blood vessel detector, followed by the design of a modified superomedial pedicle technique for reduction mammaplasty with inverted T-shaped incision, can not only ensure NAC blood supply, avoiding ischemic necrosis due to vascular anomalies, but also maximally reduce pedicle width and increase pedicle rotation flexibility, achieving desirable breast shaping effects.

The patient was a 29-year-old male with a history of hemophilia for more than 10 years. After 6 hours of botulinum toxin injection into the masseter muscle, the redness and swelling of the right face gradually worsened, accompanied by local pain, and restricted mouth opening, etc. The hematoma was absorbed and the swelling subsided significantly after the infusion of coagulation factor Ⅸ. Such cases of large-scale hematomas after botulinum toxin injection in hemophiliacs is rarely reported. This article summarized the diagnosis and treatment process of this case and combines with literature review to provide clinical experience for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of similar complications.

Objective:To investigate the application effects of a novel framework: the external septal retention bionic framework in East Asian rhinoplasty.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed based on the clinical data of the patients who received treatments in Department of Plastic and Aesthetic ( Burn) Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from January 2022 to July 2023 using an external septal retention bionic framework with autologous costal cartilage rhinoplasty. The patients were all treated with a V-shaped incision at the nasal columella, which continued to both sides of the nose to form a bird-shaped incision. During the operation, the sixth or seventh costal cartilage was sculpted to form the nasal columella support grafts (sturt), external nasal septal graft, cap grafts, and shield grafts, in which the nasal column support graft and external nasal septal graft were implanted in a mortise-and-tenon joint structure to form a septum bionic retained external stent in order to lengthen the nasal columellar column and strengthen the septum. A capsular graft was used to shape the tip of the nose and the rectus abdominis fascia was covered to soften the tip of the nose, and the shield grafts were used to fill out the subnasal lobules. A bulb was sculpted, shaped and implanted in the dorsal space to elevate the nasal dorsum. To observe the postoperative results and complications, a postoperative satisfaction survey was completed using the rhinoplasty outcome evaluation (ROE) and the visual analogue scale (VAS) with regular follow-up. Comparison of preoperative and postoperative scale scores was performed using paired samples t-test. Nasal stent stability was assessed by measuring the patients’ preoperative and postoperative nasolabial angle and nasal tip protrusion. The comparison of preoperative and postoperative nasolabial angle was performed using the paired-sample t-test, and the comparison of nasal tip protrusion was performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank-sum test, P<0.05 considered a statistically significant difference. Results:A total of 33 patients were enrolled, including 4 males and 29 females, with average age of 23.8 years(15-42 years). The follow-up period is (14.52 ± 4.72) months (3 to 21 months). Thirty-three patients recovered well after surgery, and no short-term complications such as infection or bleeding occurred. The patients' nasal aesthetic problems such as saddle nose, deviated nasal columella, bilateral asymmetry of the nose, bilateral nasal base depression, and rounded shield of the nasal tip were improved after surgery. Satisfaction survey results: ROE and VAS scores were significantly higher than those before surgery, which were [(17.92±2.56) vs.(12.78±3.14)] and [(8.08±1.66)vs(5.15±1.99)], ( P<0.05), 87.9% (27/33)of the patients were satisfied with the aesthetic and functional outcomes of the nose. Comparisons of nasolabial angle [(87.28±2.58)° vs. (97.64±1.95)°] and tip protrusion [1.88 (1.78, 1.95) cm vs. 2.16(2.01, 2.32) cm] measurements between preoperative and postoperative period of the 33 patients, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Rhinoplasty for East Asians employs an external septal retention bionic framework to retain the nasal septum. This technique can avoid septal cartilage resorption caused by compression of grafts transplanted in the future, and cause less damage to the anatomy and physiology of the nose. The framework is relatively easy to construct, with a stable and strong stent, and good patient satisfaction. It can achieve a more desirable aesthetic effect of the nose.

Objective:To investigate the surgical effect of pedicled upper lip mucosal flap in repairing nasal septal mucosal defects after rhinoplasty.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed from January 2016 to October 2022, the clinical data of patients with nasal septal mucosal defects after rhinoplasty were collected in the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. The pedicled upper lip mucosal flap was utilized for repair based on the patient’s medical history and wound condition. The pedicle of the flap was designed 1 cm adjacent to the frenulum of the upper lip, and an appropriate flap was incised based on the size of the wound, with dissection performed up to the superficial layer of the orbicularis oris muscle. The dissection establishes an upper lip tunnel that connects the gingival-buccal groove to the nasal cavity. The pedicled upper lip mucosal flap was elevated and transposed into the nasal cavity via the upper lip tunnel. The position of the flap was adjusted to ensure complete coverage and fixation of the nasal septal defect wound using 5-0 absorbable suture. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and the nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) scale were utilized to facilitate patients’ satisfaction evaluation and assessment of nasal obstruction symptoms before surgery and at 6 months post-surgery. The VAS total score was 10 points, with higher scores indicating greater levels of patient satisfaction. The NOSE scale comprises of 5 items, each assigned a score ranging from 0 to 4, denoting absence of symptoms, very mild presence, moderate intensity, relatively severe manifestation, and highly severe indication respectively. The measurement data of VAS and NOSE scores before surgery and at 6 months post-surgery was expressed by Mean±SD, using paired t-test. The score distribution of the NOSE scale was represented by the number of cases, using Mann-Whitney U test. Results:The study included a total of 15 female patients, with an average age of (27.6±2.9) years (ranging from 23 to 33 years). Eleven cases presented with preoperative cartilage exposure, and the size of tissue defect ranged from 0.9 cm×0.5 cm to 1.5 cm×0.7 cm. Nine patients had a history of smoking. Skin grafting was performed in 9 patients, while nasal mucosal metastasis was observed in 8 patients. The dimensions of the flap varied from 4.0 cm×1.2 cm to 7.0 cm×1.5 cm. The postoperative recovery was satisfactory, with successful survival of the skin flaps and no occurrences of infection, hematoma, wound dehiscence, or flap necrosis. The average duration of follow-up was (8.2±2.1) months (ranging from 6 to 12 months). The postoperative VAS score (7.73±0.88) was significantly higher compared to the preoperative score (1.86±0.74) ( P<0.01). Additionally, the postoperative NOSE score (4.66±1.71) showed a significant decrease from the preoperative score (10.73±2.68), with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.01). Among them, after surgery items of stuffy or unbreathable nose (2 cases vs. 15 cases), nasal obstruction (1 case vs. 14 cases), and feeling that the nose was not enough to breathe during exercise or exertion (4 cases vs. 14 cases) scored≥2 points were significantly less than those before operation (all P<0.01). Conclusion:The utilization of pedicled upper lip mucosal flap in the reconstruction of severe nasal septal mucosal defects following rhinoplasty has proven to be highly effective. The postoperative satisfaction of patients is remarkably high, the ventilation function exhibits significant improvement, and no severe complications are observed.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of surgical methods for correcting pollybeak deformity in Chinese rhinoplasty.Methods:A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients who underwent pollybeak correction between January 2021 and December 2022 at the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. Individualized correction was tailored based on the etiology and severity of the nasal deformity of each patient, involving techniques such as resection of the anterior part of the nasal septum, reconstruction of nasal tip support, reconstruction of the middle part of the nasal vault, and excision of skin in the upper region of the nasal tip. A modified classification system for pollybeak deformity, the supratip fullness rating scale (SFRS), was developed to evaluate supratip fullness (0-3 points, with higher scores indicating more apparent deformity). The patients aesthetic outcomes were assessed by surgeons using the visual analogue scale (VAS) (0-10 points, with higher scores indicating more apparent deformity), and patient self-assessed using the rhinoplasty outcome evaluation (ROE) questionnaire (0-100 points, with higher scores indicating higher satisfaction). The measurement data of normal distribution was expressed as Mean±SD and analyzed by paired t-test; the measurement data of non-normal distribution was expressed as M( Q1, Q3) and analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results:In a cohort study of 53 rhinoplasty patients (7 male, 46 female; age range 19-45 years, mean 29 years), comprising 15 primary and 38 secondary surgeries, nasal tip deformities were evaluated. Deformities were classified as mild (5 cases), moderate (25 cases), and severe (23 cases). Over a follow-up period of 6-17 months (mean 9.5 months), significant aesthetic improvements in the nasal tip region were observed. The SFRS scores decreased from 2(2, 3) preoperatively to 0(0, 0) postoperatively ( Z = -6.58, P < 0.001), and VAS scores decreased from 7.47±1.73 to 1.79±1.67 ( t = -25.61, P < 0.001). High patient satisfaction was indicated by a mean ROE score of 82.45±11.55. No significant complications, such as nasal tip ptosis, skin necrosis, or scar hyperplasia, were reported. Conclusion:Selecting an appropriate surgical method based on the severity and cause of pollybeak deformity can achieve satisfactory outcomes. Post-operative patients exhibit significant aesthetic improvement in the upper nasal tip area, resulting in high patient satisfaction.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of modified superomedial pedicle technique using an inverted T-shaped incision for reduction mammaplasty and mastopexy.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of patients who underwent modified superomedial pedicle technique for breast reduction surgery with inverted T-shaped incision between March 2021 and March 2023 at the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. Preoperatively, a handheld Doppler ultrasound blood flow detector was used to detect and mark the exit points of the 2nd to 4th perforating vessels of the internal thoracic artery, and a superomedial pedicle containing at least two perforators was designed based on the perforator locations, with a pedicle width generally about 6 cm. Intraoperatively, the pedicle was rotated superolaterally, moving the nipple-areola complex (NAC) upwards to construct a fuller upper pole of the breast and removing excess skin in the lower fold to form a inverted T-shaped incision. Postoperatively, the blood supply of the NAC, breast morphology, and incidence of complications were observed and followed up. Canfield Mirror 7.1.1 software was utilized to measure pre- and post-operative breast morphology data from lateral photographs at 6 months, including total breast area, maximum breast protrusion, upper pole protrusion, lower pole height, and nipple elevation height. The BREAST-Q questionnaire was used to survey patient satisfaction with breast appearance, psychosocial well-being, sexual well-being, and physical health before surgery and 6-12 months after surgery, with each dimension scoring 0-100 points, where higher scores indicate greater satisfaction and health. SPSS 28.0 software was used for data analysis, with normally distributed measurement data expressed as Mean±SD, and paired t-test was applied for comparisons of pre- and post-operative breast morphology data (the first 4 indicators) and BREAST-Q scores, with P<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 56 female patients were included, with an age of (32.0±6.7) years and a body mass index of (29.1±5.7) kg/m 2. Preoperative Doppler ultrasound blood flow detection showed that none of the patients had missing or significantly variant perforators of the superomedial pedicle. The volume of breast tissue removed ranged from 890 to 1 800 ml, averaging 1 250 ml, with an average pedicle width of 5.4 cm (4.0-7.0 cm). The follow-up period was (13.3±2.5) months, during which all patients exhibited good blood supply to the NAC and favorable breast morphology, with universal high satisfaction with surgical outcomes. Postoperatively, one case developed incisional seroma, which resolved naturally within 3 months; two cases experienced minor incision dehiscence, which healed well after dressing changes; all other patients recovered well without any complications such as flap necrosis or hematoma. Comparison of breast morphology data showed significant reductions in postoperative left and right total breast area ( P<0.05 for both), and increases in maximum breast protrusion and lower pole height postoperatively ( P<0.05 for both), while the difference in upper pole protrusion was not statistically significant ( P>0.05 for both); postoperative left and right nipple elevation heights were (6.30±1.84) cm and (6.52±1.66) cm, respectively. Among the 44 patients who completed the BREAST-Q survey both before and after surgery, scores showed significant improvements in postoperative breast satisfaction [(50.30±10.30) points vs. (83.20±6.02) points] ( t=5.17, P=0.008) and psychosocial well-being [(56.20±17.20) points vs. (89.70±2.70) points] ( t=5.09, P=0.010), while sexual well-being and physical health scores did not differ significantly from preoperative scores ( P>0.05 for both). Conclusion:Preoperative identification of perforator locations using a handheld Doppler blood vessel detector, followed by the design of a modified superomedial pedicle technique for reduction mammaplasty with inverted T-shaped incision, can not only ensure NAC blood supply, avoiding ischemic necrosis due to vascular anomalies, but also maximally reduce pedicle width and increase pedicle rotation flexibility, achieving desirable breast shaping effects.

The patient was a 29-year-old male with a history of hemophilia for more than 10 years. After 6 hours of botulinum toxin injection into the masseter muscle, the redness and swelling of the right face gradually worsened, accompanied by local pain, and restricted mouth opening, etc. The hematoma was absorbed and the swelling subsided significantly after the infusion of coagulation factor Ⅸ. Such cases of large-scale hematomas after botulinum toxin injection in hemophiliacs is rarely reported. This article summarized the diagnosis and treatment process of this case and combines with literature review to provide clinical experience for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of similar complications.

Objective:To investigate the application effects of a novel framework: the external septal retention bionic framework in East Asian rhinoplasty.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed based on the clinical data of the patients who received treatments in Department of Plastic and Aesthetic ( Burn) Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from January 2022 to July 2023 using an external septal retention bionic framework with autologous costal cartilage rhinoplasty. The patients were all treated with a V-shaped incision at the nasal columella, which continued to both sides of the nose to form a bird-shaped incision. During the operation, the sixth or seventh costal cartilage was sculpted to form the nasal columella support grafts (sturt), external nasal septal graft, cap grafts, and shield grafts, in which the nasal column support graft and external nasal septal graft were implanted in a mortise-and-tenon joint structure to form a septum bionic retained external stent in order to lengthen the nasal columellar column and strengthen the septum. A capsular graft was used to shape the tip of the nose and the rectus abdominis fascia was covered to soften the tip of the nose, and the shield grafts were used to fill out the subnasal lobules. A bulb was sculpted, shaped and implanted in the dorsal space to elevate the nasal dorsum. To observe the postoperative results and complications, a postoperative satisfaction survey was completed using the rhinoplasty outcome evaluation (ROE) and the visual analogue scale (VAS) with regular follow-up. Comparison of preoperative and postoperative scale scores was performed using paired samples t-test. Nasal stent stability was assessed by measuring the patients’ preoperative and postoperative nasolabial angle and nasal tip protrusion. The comparison of preoperative and postoperative nasolabial angle was performed using the paired-sample t-test, and the comparison of nasal tip protrusion was performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank-sum test, P<0.05 considered a statistically significant difference. Results:A total of 33 patients were enrolled, including 4 males and 29 females, with average age of 23.8 years(15-42 years). The follow-up period is (14.52 ± 4.72) months (3 to 21 months). Thirty-three patients recovered well after surgery, and no short-term complications such as infection or bleeding occurred. The patients' nasal aesthetic problems such as saddle nose, deviated nasal columella, bilateral asymmetry of the nose, bilateral nasal base depression, and rounded shield of the nasal tip were improved after surgery. Satisfaction survey results: ROE and VAS scores were significantly higher than those before surgery, which were [(17.92±2.56) vs.(12.78±3.14)] and [(8.08±1.66)vs(5.15±1.99)], ( P<0.05), 87.9% (27/33)of the patients were satisfied with the aesthetic and functional outcomes of the nose. Comparisons of nasolabial angle [(87.28±2.58)° vs. (97.64±1.95)°] and tip protrusion [1.88 (1.78, 1.95) cm vs. 2.16(2.01, 2.32) cm] measurements between preoperative and postoperative period of the 33 patients, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Rhinoplasty for East Asians employs an external septal retention bionic framework to retain the nasal septum. This technique can avoid septal cartilage resorption caused by compression of grafts transplanted in the future, and cause less damage to the anatomy and physiology of the nose. The framework is relatively easy to construct, with a stable and strong stent, and good patient satisfaction. It can achieve a more desirable aesthetic effect of the nose.