AIM:To observe the neuroprotective effects of total saponins of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim(TST)on rats with vascular dementia(VD)and explore the drug's impact on astrocytes and the Sonic Hedgehog(Shh)pathway as well as its mechanisms of action.METHODS:A rat model of vascular dementia was established by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion.Subsequently,the rats were randomly divided into four groups:donepezil hydrochloride group,TST group,model group,and sham group,with 18 rats in each group.After 5 weeks of gavage,samples were collected.Cognitive function was evaluated by the water maze test.Histopathological changes in brain tissue were examined with HE and Nissl staining.The ultrastructure of astrocytes was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy.The localization and expression of the neuronal nuclear antigen(NeuN),glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),Shh,and glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1(Gli1)were identified using immunohistochemistry.Immunofluorescence was also employed to exam-ine the expression of NeuN and GFAP.Finally,Western blot analysis was used to measure the protein levels of NeuN,GFAP,Shh,Patched 1(Ptch1),Gli1,Bax,Bcl-2,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-10(IL-10)in the hippocampus.RESULTS:Compared to the sham group,the model rats demonstrated prolonged escape latency,disorga-nized and loosened neuronal arrangement in the hippocampus and cortex,reduced Nissl bodies,and significant neuronal damage.Astrocytes displayed chromatin aggregation,swollen mitochondria with disrupted cristae structures,and swollen endoplasmic reticulum regions.The expression of NeuN,Shh,and Gli1 positive cells significantly decreased,while GFAP positive cells significantly increased.Additionally,the protein levels of NeuN,Shh,Ptch1,Gli1,IL-10,and Bcl-2 in the hippocampus were reduced(P＜0.05),whereas those of GFAP,Bax,and TNF-α were elevated(P＜0.01).Com-pared to the model group,the donepezil hydrochloride and TST groups effectively improved the aforementioned indicators.CONCLUSION:Total saponins of trillium tschonoskii maxim can effectively alleviate pathological damage to neurons in VD rats,thereby improving learning and memory abilities.The underlying mechanisms may involve inhibiting the overacti-vation of astrocytes,activate the Shh/Ptch1/Gli1 signaling pathway,suppress neuroinflammation,and reduce neuronal apoptosis.

AIM:To observe the neuroprotective effects of total saponins of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim(TST)on rats with vascular dementia(VD)and explore the drug's impact on astrocytes and the Sonic Hedgehog(Shh)pathway as well as its mechanisms of action.METHODS:A rat model of vascular dementia was established by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion.Subsequently,the rats were randomly divided into four groups:donepezil hydrochloride group,TST group,model group,and sham group,with 18 rats in each group.After 5 weeks of gavage,samples were collected.Cognitive function was evaluated by the water maze test.Histopathological changes in brain tissue were examined with HE and Nissl staining.The ultrastructure of astrocytes was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy.The localization and expression of the neuronal nuclear antigen(NeuN),glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),Shh,and glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1(Gli1)were identified using immunohistochemistry.Immunofluorescence was also employed to exam-ine the expression of NeuN and GFAP.Finally,Western blot analysis was used to measure the protein levels of NeuN,GFAP,Shh,Patched 1(Ptch1),Gli1,Bax,Bcl-2,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-10(IL-10)in the hippocampus.RESULTS:Compared to the sham group,the model rats demonstrated prolonged escape latency,disorga-nized and loosened neuronal arrangement in the hippocampus and cortex,reduced Nissl bodies,and significant neuronal damage.Astrocytes displayed chromatin aggregation,swollen mitochondria with disrupted cristae structures,and swollen endoplasmic reticulum regions.The expression of NeuN,Shh,and Gli1 positive cells significantly decreased,while GFAP positive cells significantly increased.Additionally,the protein levels of NeuN,Shh,Ptch1,Gli1,IL-10,and Bcl-2 in the hippocampus were reduced(P＜0.05),whereas those of GFAP,Bax,and TNF-α were elevated(P＜0.01).Com-pared to the model group,the donepezil hydrochloride and TST groups effectively improved the aforementioned indicators.CONCLUSION:Total saponins of trillium tschonoskii maxim can effectively alleviate pathological damage to neurons in VD rats,thereby improving learning and memory abilities.The underlying mechanisms may involve inhibiting the overacti-vation of astrocytes,activate the Shh/Ptch1/Gli1 signaling pathway,suppress neuroinflammation,and reduce neuronal apoptosis.

Objective:To investigate the safety and utility of using polyester spacers in conventional pancreatico-enteric anastomosis in pancreaticoduodenectomy to achieve prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula.Methods:The clinical data of 82 patients with pancreaticoduodenectomy completed by the same physician in Anyang People's Hospital from August 2018 to August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, including 52 males and 30 females, aged (62.21±9.75) years. They were divided into two groups, test group ( n=40) and control group ( n=42) according to whether polyester spacers were used in pancreatico-intestinal anastomosis, the perioperative data of the two groups were compared, and Logistic analysis was used to analyze the risk factors affecting postoperative pancreatic fistula. Results:There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of biliary fistula, intestinal fistula, abdominal infection, abdominal bleeding, and postoperative mortality rate (all P>0.05). The incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula in the test group was 20.0% (8/40) which was lower than that in the control group 45.2% (19/42), and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.015). Soft pancreas texture ( OR=16.595, 95% CI: 1.891~145.657) was an independent risk factor for postoperative pancreatic fistula, while improved pancreatic enterostomy with polyester spacers ( OR=0.332, 95% CI: 0.114~0.969) could reduce the risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula. Conclusion:Use of polyester spacers to reinforce the pancreatico-enteric anastomosis during pancreaticoduodenectomy reduces the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistulae with good safety and practicality.

Objective To develop the personalized 3D printing scaffolds for bone grafts,to meet the needs of the patients with the bone defect.Methods The model of three-dimensional woodpile structure was designed by the software of computer-aided design (CAD).The β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP),hydroxyapatite (HA),and polylactic acid (PLA) composite scaffolds with three-dimensional woodpile structure was simulated using 3D printing method by three-dimensional air floating platform.The three-dimensional bone graft scaffolds was then vacuum heat-treated,and the residual chloroform was detected by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer.The morphology of the β-TCP/HMPLA scaffolds was characterized by scanning electron microscope,and in vitro cytotoxicity against osteoblasts hFOB 1.19 was assessed by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.Results When the extrusion pressure of printing slurry was 137.9-413.7 kPa,the three-dimensional bone graft scaffolds could be printed out.Then the scaffolds was vacuum treated at 90 ℃ and preheated at 150 ℃,which could eliminate the solvent CHC13.The three-dimensional bone graft scaffolds,with a through-hole and rough surface,was co-cultured with osteoblasts hFOB1.19 for 7 d,and it's cytotoxicity grade was grade 0.Conclusions The three-dimensional bone graft scaffolds have a through-hole and rough surface,which is favorable to the osteoblasts culture and bone induction,indicating the advantage and development prospects of 3D printing in the preparation of porous materials for bone grafts.

Acupuncture ; history ; Acupuncture Points ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Terminology as Topic

The particularities of oil suspension formulation can raise the invasive rate of Hirsutella sinensis to host of Hepialidae for the commercialization of artificial cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis. So it is important to develop a high cell viability oil suspension formulation of C. sinensis spawn. According to the characteristics of the oil suspension formulation, MTT assay is adapted and optimized. The result is as follows: reaction time 120 min, reaction temperature 37?C, methylbenzene as extracting agent, and a positive linear correlation established between active cell weights and cell viability. Varieties and concentrations of assistance agents in oil suspension formulation have been selected with the refined MTT assay, and further optimized together with cell concentrations through orthogonal experiment. The optimal combination project was obtained, namely, cell concentration 0.15 g/mL, aluminium stearate 60 mg/mL, and SPAN-80 50 ?L/mL. Results of stability test on the oil suspension formulation indicate that cell viability can maintain above 90% at 4?C after one month.