In view of the issues of the incomplete disease names,different names for the same disease,and different diseases with the same name in modern traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),Professor Liu Minru,a master of TCM,believes that we ought to propose accurate and standardized new disease names of TCM under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory,clarify the scope of diseases,and maintain the integrity of academic system of TCM.Based on the current situation and dilemma of the new disease names in modern Chinese medicine of gynecology,and according to Professor Liu Minru's academic views on the research of new disease names in TCM,this article proposes a research system for the naming and argumentation of new traditional Chinese medicine diseases,which includes"textual research on the origin and development of disease names-summary of academic views from famous TCM scholars-data mining of literature-experts argumentation by Delphi method".Taking Professor Liu Minru's research on the disease name of"the Syndromes Inducing Premature Cessation of Menstrual Fluid"as an example,this article demonstrates the disease name and connotation of"the Syndromes Inducing Premature Cessation of Menstrual Fluid"in multiple dimensions,verifies the accuracy,scientificity and generalizability of the new disease name,and forms a consensus about the diagnosis and treatment of disease in TCM,hoping to be helpful to provide ideas for further exploring the standardization and normalization of research on TCM disease name.

In view of the issues of the incomplete disease names,different names for the same disease,and different diseases with the same name in modern traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),Professor Liu Minru,a master of TCM,believes that we ought to propose accurate and standardized new disease names of TCM under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory,clarify the scope of diseases,and maintain the integrity of academic system of TCM.Based on the current situation and dilemma of the new disease names in modern Chinese medicine of gynecology,and according to Professor Liu Minru's academic views on the research of new disease names in TCM,this article proposes a research system for the naming and argumentation of new traditional Chinese medicine diseases,which includes"textual research on the origin and development of disease names-summary of academic views from famous TCM scholars-data mining of literature-experts argumentation by Delphi method".Taking Professor Liu Minru's research on the disease name of"the Syndromes Inducing Premature Cessation of Menstrual Fluid"as an example,this article demonstrates the disease name and connotation of"the Syndromes Inducing Premature Cessation of Menstrual Fluid"in multiple dimensions,verifies the accuracy,scientificity and generalizability of the new disease name,and forms a consensus about the diagnosis and treatment of disease in TCM,hoping to be helpful to provide ideas for further exploring the standardization and normalization of research on TCM disease name.

ObjectiveTo analyze the supplementary test results of HIV screening positive samples in Jianyang City, Chengdu from 2019 to 2022, to evaluate different HIV testing methods, and to provide a basis for the development of HIV testing strategies in the local area. MethodsWestern blotting (WB) supplementary test was conducted on 1 172 screening positive samples from the HIV confirmatory laboratory in 2019‒2022 according to the national technical specifications. The samples were tested by the rapid test, enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), and chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). The test results of the three HIV screening methods were collected and a database was established for statistical analysis. ResultsA total of 1 172 samples were tested through supplementary test, of which 1 022 samples were tested positive (87.20%), 75 were uncertain (6.40%), and 75 were negative (6.40%). The positive results of the three different HIV screening methods were consistent with the supplementary test. The rapid test had the highest positively supplementary rate of 88.54%, followed by ELISA of 86.98%, and CLIA of 85.92%. The difference was statistically significant (χ²=9.505, P<0.05). The detection rate of WB band patterns in positive samples were the highest at 100.00% for gp160 and gp120, and lowest at 50.68% and 63.41% for p55 and p17, respectively. The WB band patterns of uncertain samples were mainly gp120 (81.33%) and p24 (46.67%). Among the 75 uncertain samples, 39 were followed up and 29 of which turned positive, with a high positive conversion rate of 74.36%. ConclusionIt is necessary to directly add HIV nucleic acid testing to samples with positive WB supplementary test results and samples with uncertain WB supplementary test results in combination with CLIA, so as to avoid the spread of HIV infection caused by missed detections.

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a solid tumor formed by extramedullary infiltration of primitive or immature cells of the myeloid lineage. Pathology is the gold standard for diagnosis, but the misdiagnosis rate is high. Immunohistochemical staining can reduce misdiagnosis. Molecular biology and cytogenetics are important complementary diagnostic indicators. Imaging techniques, especially fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG PET-CT), are important for the diagnosis of MS. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) chemotherapy regimen combined with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently the main treatment for MS.

Objective:To correlate the common driver gene variations in primary lung adenocarcinoma with their clinical characteristics and histopathological subtypes.Methods:There were 4 995 cases of primary lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed at Weifang People′s Hospital of Shandong Province from January 2015 to December 2021 which were retrospectively analyzed. Among them 1 983 cases were evaluated for their histopathological subtype; 3 012 were analyzed for the correlation of their histopathological subtypes and corresponding driver gene variations, including invasive non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (INMA) and invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA), and morphologically, poorly-differentiated, moderately-differentiated and well-differentiated adenocarcinomas. Next-generation sequencing was used to detect variations in EGFR, KRAS, ALK, RET, ROS1, MET, HER2, or BRAF driver genes.Results:There were 2 384 males and 2 611 females. EGFR and ALK variations were more commonly found in female patients aged 60 years or older, with EGFR mutation rate in clinical stage Ⅰ (25.80%) significantly higher than in other stages ( P<0.05). KRAS mutations were more commonly detected in male smokers aged 60 years or older, HER2 mutations were more commonly in patients younger than 60 years, and RET mutations were more commonly in non-smokers (all P<0.05). No correlation was found between ROS1, MET, and BRAF gene variations and their clinical characteristics ( P>0.05). For the histopathological subtypes, among the 1 899 cases of acinar adenocarcinoma, EGFR mutation rate was the highest (67.30%) compared to the other genes. Exon 21 L858R and exon 19 del were the main mutation sites in IMA and INMA, with a higher mutation rate at exon 20 T790M (11.63%) in micropapillary adenocarcinoma. In IMA, KRAS had the highest overall mutation rate (43.80%), with statistically significant difference in mutation rates of exon 2 G12D and exon 2 G12V in acinar adenocarcinoma, solid, and IMA ( P<0.05). KRAS mutation at various sites were higher in poorly differentiated groups compared to moderately- and well-differentiated groups ( P<0.05). HER2 mutations were more commonly observed in acinar adenocarcinoma, papillary, and micropapillary adenocarcinoma of INMA. BRAF mutation was higher in micropapillary adenocarcinoma compared with other types ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Variations in EGFR, ALK, KRAS, HER2, and RET in primary lung adenocarcinoma are associated with patients′ age, smoking history, and clinical stage, and driver gene mutations vary among different histopathological subtypes. EGFR mutations are predominant in INMA, while KRAS mutations are predominant in IMA.

Gaucher Disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder characterized by high heterogeneity. This study aimed to further understand the correlation between clinical phenotypes and genotypes in GD patients through a retrospective analysis of 20 cases in Shanxi Bethune Hospital, including their clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, enzyme studies, and genetic results. Among the 20 GD patients, 16 were classified as Type Ⅰ GD with a median age of diagnosis of 24 years, and 4 were classified as Type Ⅲ GD with a median age of diagnosis of 19 years. All patients exhibited splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia, with 16 patients showing skeletal imaging changes, and 5 of them presenting with bone pain symptoms. Genetic analysis revealed 15 distinct mutations, predominantly missense mutations, with L483P being the most prevalent (35.7%), followed by V414L, L303I, and F252I. Mutation sites were predominantly located in exon 7. Noteworthy findings included the first report of the S310G mutation by our research group and the first occurrence of the K196R mutation in the Chinese population. Additionally, the N227S mutation was implicated in a potential association with neuropathy. Despite advancements, Uncertainties still exist in the correlation between clinical phenotypes and genotypes in GD patients.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Jingui Shenqiwan on diabetic osteoporosis （DOP） in mice by regulating the advanced glycation end products （AGEs）/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand （RANKL）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway based on the theory of "kidneys governing bones". MethodForty 6-week-old male and female skeletal-muscle-specific， dominant negative insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor （MKR） mice were selected and fed on a high-fat diet for eight weeks to establish the DOP model. The model mice were randomly divided into a model group， low- and high-dose Jingui Shenqiwan group （1.3， 2.6 g·kg^-1）， and an alendronate sodium group （0.01 g·kg^-1）， with 10 mice in each group. Additionally， 10 FVB/N mice of the same age were assigned to the normal group. The corresponding drugs were administered orally to each group once a day for four weeks. After the administration period， fasting blood glucose （FBG） measurement and oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） were conducted. Kidney function and kidney index were measured. Renal tissue pathological changes were observed through hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Masson staining. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the protein expression levels of AGEs， phosphorylated NF-κB （p-NF-κB）， and RANKL in renal tissues. Western blot analysis was conducted to measure the expression of proteins related to the AGEs/RANKL/NF-κB signaling pathway， osteoprotegerin （OPG）， and Runt-related transcription factor 2 （RUNX2） proteins in femoral bone tissues. ResultCompared with the normal group， mice in the model group exhibited significantly increased FBG （P<0.01）， trabecular bone degeneration， abnormal bone morphological parameters， significantly increased area under the curve （AUC） of OGTT （P<0.01）， enlarged kidney volume， significantly increased kidney function indicators and kidney index （P<0.01）， disrupted renal glomeruli and renal tubule structures， significantly increased expression of AGEs， RANKL， and p-NF-κB/NF-κB in renal tissues （P<0.05）， and significantly decreased expression of OPG and RUNX2 in femoral bone tissues （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， mice in the Jingui Shenqiwan groups showed a significant decrease in OGTT AUC （P<0.01）. Histopathological analysis revealed alleviated structural lesions in renal glomeruli and renal tubules. Furthermore， the expression of AGEs， RANKL， and p-NF-κB/NF-κB in renal tissues was significantly reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the expression of RUNX2 and OPG in femoral bone tissues was significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionJingui Shenqiwan can improve kidney function and downregulate the AGEs/RANKL/NF-κB signaling pathway to inhibit inflammatory reactions， thereby alleviating the symptoms of DOP in mice， demonstrating a therapeutic effect on DOP from the perspective of the kidney.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the sequence of the F12 gene and molecular mechanism for 20 patients with coagulation factor Ⅻ (FⅫ) deficiency. METHODS: The patients were selected from the outpatient department of the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from July 2020 to January 2022. The activity of coagulation factor Ⅷ (FⅧ:C), factor Ⅸ (FⅨ:C), factor Ⅺ (FⅪ:C) and factor Ⅻ (FⅫ:C) were determined by using a one-stage clotting assay. All exons and 5' and 3' UTR of the F12 gene were analyzed by Sanger sequencing to detect the potential variants. Bioinformatic software was used to predict the pathogenicity of the variants, conservation of amino acids, and protein models. RESULTS: The FⅫ:C of the 20 patients has ranged from 0.07% to 20.10%, which was far below the reference values, whilst the other coagulation indexes were all normal. Sanger sequencing has identified genetic variants in 10 patients, including 4 with missense variants [c.820C>T (p.Arg274Cys), c.1561G>A (p.Glu521Lys), c.181T>C (p.Cys61Arg) and c.566.G>C (p.Cys189Ser)], 4 deletional variants c.303_304delCA(p.His101GlnfsX36), 1 insertional variant c.1093_1094insC (p.Lys365GlnfsX69) and 1 nonsense variant c.1763C>A (p.Ser588*). The remaining 10 patients only harbored the 46C/T variant. The heterozygous c.820C>T(p.Arg274Cys) missense variant in patient 1 and the homozygous c.1763C>A (p.Ser588*) nonsense variant in patient 2 were not included in the ClinVar and the Human Gene Mutation Database. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that both variants were pathogenic, and the corresponding amino acids are highly conserved. The protein prediction models suggested that the c.820C>T (p.Arg274Cys) variant may affect the stability of the secondary structure of FⅫ protein by disrupting the original hydrogen bonding force and truncating the side chain, leading to changes in the vital domain. c.1763C>A (p.Ser588*) may produce a truncated C-terminus which may alter the spatial conformation of the protein domain and affect the serine protease cleavage site, resulting in extremely reduced FⅫ:C. CONCLUSION Among individuals with low low FⅫ:C detected by one-stage clotting assay, 50% have harbored variants of the F12 gene, among which the c.820C>T and c.1763C>A were novel variants underlying the reduced coagulating factor FⅫ.
Humans ; Factor XII/genetics* ; Pedigree ; Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Heterozygote ; Factor XII Deficiency/genetics*

Objective: To elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Reduning Injection (RDN) by analyzing the potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways of the carrageenan-induced inflammatory model from the overall metabolic level. Methods: Rat inflammatory model was established by carrageenan. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was used to detect and analyze changes of endogenous metabolites in the serum and urine of carrageenan-induced inflammatory rats. Combined with multivariate analysis and databases analysis, inflammatory-related potential biomarkers were screened and identified to analyze possible metabolic pathways. The reliability and biological significance of these biomarkers was verified by metabolic network analysis and correlation analysis with pharmacodynamic indicators. Results: A total of 16 potential biomarkers were screened and identified by multivariate analysis and metabolite databases, among which 13 species could be adjusted by RDN. The metabolism pathway analysis revealed that histidine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism were greatly disturbed. Their biomarkers involved urocanic acid, sphingosine, and norepinephrine, all of which showed a callback trend after RDN treatment. The three biomarkers had a certain correlation with some known inflammatory-related small molecules (histamine, arachidonic acid, Leukotriene B4, and PGE

Objective:To analyze the application value of the mechanical thrombectomy system in the treatment of acute limb ischemia.Methods:The clinical data of 50 patients with lower limb ischemia who were treated with the Rotarex mechanical thrombectomy system from Jun 2017 to Sep 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:In 4 cases of popliteal artery rupture occurred during the operation. The success rate of the operation was 92%. Catheter-directed thrombolysis was used in 7 cases, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was used in 4 cases and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty combined with stent implantation was used in 39 cases. The ankle-brachial index of these 50 patients before and after operation was 0.18±0.24 and 0.64±0.28 respectively ( t=12.87, P<0.001). Treatment was successful in 43 cases. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 24 months, 5 cases were amputated, 2 cases had no improvement of toe ulcer gangrene, 9 cases had thrombus recurrence, and no complications such as bleeding were observed. The primary patency rates at 3, 6 and 12 months were 92%, 84% and 74%, respectively. Conclusion:The mechanical thrombectomy system is safe and effective in the treatment of acute lower limb ischemia with ideal short-term patency.