Objective To analyze the changes of neutrophil-to-albumin ratio(NPAR),monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio(MLR),neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and interleukin-17A(IL-17A)in patients with severe autoimmune encephalitis(AE)and the predictive value of their combined detection for prognosis.Methods A total of 105 patients with severe AE admitted from May 2021 to April 2025 were selected as the severe group.During the same period,35 patients with mild-to-moderate AE and 35 healthy controls were enrolled in a 3:1:1 ratio as the mild-to-moderate group and control group respectively.The levels of NPAR,MLR,NLR and IL-17A were compared among the three groups.Patients with severe AE were observed for one month.According to the prognosis of patients,they were divided into poor prognosis subgroup[modified Rankin scale(mRS)score≥3,n=31]and good prognosis subgroup(mRS score<3,n=74).The levels of NPAR,MLR,NLR and IL-17A in the two groups were compared,to analyze the correlation between NPAR,MLR,NLR and IL-17A levels and mRS score in patients with severe AE,and to evaluate the predictive value of combined detection of the four indicators for prognosis in these patients.Results The levels of NPAR,MLR,NLR and serum IL-17A in mild-to-moderate group and severe group were higher than those in control group,which were higher in the severe group than in the mild-to-moderate group(P<0.05).The course of disease in the poor prognosis group was longer than that in the good prognosis group,and the proportion of patients with γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor antibody and the levels of NPAR,MLR,NLR and serum IL-17A were higher than those in the good prognosis group(P<0.05).Higher levels of NPAR,MLR,NLR and serum IL-17A were all risk factors for poor prognosis of patients with severe AE(OR=2.445,4.319,2.502,1.791,P<0.05).The levels of NPAR,MLR,NLR and serum IL-17A were positively correlated with the mRS score of patients with severe AE(r=0.546,0.519,0.554,0.561,P<0.001).The area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC)of NPAR,MLR,NLR and IL-17A detected in combination in predicting the prognosis of patients with severe AE was higher than that of the four indicators detected alone(P<0.05).Conclusion The changes in NPAR,MLR,NLR and IL-17A levels in patients with AE were closely related to the severity and prognosis of the disease.In the meantime,higher levels of NPAR,MLR,NLR and serum IL-17A were risk factors for poor prognosis,and the combined detection of the four indicators could effectively improve the predictive value for prognosis in patients with severe AE.

Objective To analyze the changes of neutrophil-to-albumin ratio(NPAR),monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio(MLR),neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and interleukin-17A(IL-17A)in patients with severe autoimmune encephalitis(AE)and the predictive value of their combined detection for prognosis.Methods A total of 105 patients with severe AE admitted from May 2021 to April 2025 were selected as the severe group.During the same period,35 patients with mild-to-moderate AE and 35 healthy controls were enrolled in a 3:1:1 ratio as the mild-to-moderate group and control group respectively.The levels of NPAR,MLR,NLR and IL-17A were compared among the three groups.Patients with severe AE were observed for one month.According to the prognosis of patients,they were divided into poor prognosis subgroup[modified Rankin scale(mRS)score≥3,n=31]and good prognosis subgroup(mRS score<3,n=74).The levels of NPAR,MLR,NLR and IL-17A in the two groups were compared,to analyze the correlation between NPAR,MLR,NLR and IL-17A levels and mRS score in patients with severe AE,and to evaluate the predictive value of combined detection of the four indicators for prognosis in these patients.Results The levels of NPAR,MLR,NLR and serum IL-17A in mild-to-moderate group and severe group were higher than those in control group,which were higher in the severe group than in the mild-to-moderate group(P<0.05).The course of disease in the poor prognosis group was longer than that in the good prognosis group,and the proportion of patients with γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor antibody and the levels of NPAR,MLR,NLR and serum IL-17A were higher than those in the good prognosis group(P<0.05).Higher levels of NPAR,MLR,NLR and serum IL-17A were all risk factors for poor prognosis of patients with severe AE(OR=2.445,4.319,2.502,1.791,P<0.05).The levels of NPAR,MLR,NLR and serum IL-17A were positively correlated with the mRS score of patients with severe AE(r=0.546,0.519,0.554,0.561,P<0.001).The area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC)of NPAR,MLR,NLR and IL-17A detected in combination in predicting the prognosis of patients with severe AE was higher than that of the four indicators detected alone(P<0.05).Conclusion The changes in NPAR,MLR,NLR and IL-17A levels in patients with AE were closely related to the severity and prognosis of the disease.In the meantime,higher levels of NPAR,MLR,NLR and serum IL-17A were risk factors for poor prognosis,and the combined detection of the four indicators could effectively improve the predictive value for prognosis in patients with severe AE.

ObjectiveTo explore the metabolic changes during the development of Tupaia belangeri breast tumors, to investigate the close relationship between the changes of serum metabolic substances and the occurrence and progression of tumors, and to screen for biomarkers reflecting the progression of breast tumors. MethodsBreast tumors in Tupaia belangeri were induced by orally administering 7,12-dimethylbenzoanthracene (DMBA) three times, with a 15-day interval between each administration, along with a high-fat and high-sugar diet. The DMBA-induced breast cancer group and the DMBA-inducedwithout breast cancer group were compared with the control group. Untargeted determination of serum metabolites was performed using gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) in DMBA-induced Tupaia belangeri with breast cancer, DMBA-induced without breast cancer and the control group. Multidimensional statistical analysis including unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least squares analysis (OPLS-DA) were conducted. Furthermore, t-test was used for intergroup differential comparison. Differential metabolites were screened under VIP>1 and P<0.05 conditions, and significantly changing differential metabolites were identified using the HMDB online database. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database was utilized to enrich metabolic-related gene regulatory pathways. ResultsThe incidence of breast tumors was 40% in DMBA-induced Tupaia belangeri. Compared with the control group, 30 metabolic differential products were detected in the serum of the group with breast cancer, with 18 down-regulated and 12 up-regulated (VIP>1, P<0.05). KEGG pathway analysis revealed significant changes in four metabolic pathways: glutamate metabolism, glyceride metabolism, citric acid cycle, and alanine metabolism. Compared with the group without breast cancer, 18 metabolic differential products were detected, with 7 down-regulated and 11 up-regulated (VIP>1, P<0.05). KEGG pathway analysis revealed significant changes in the citric acid cycle and glutamate metabolism. Compared with the control group, 31 metabolic differential products were detected in the serum of the groups without breast cancer, with 14 down-regulated and 17 up-regulated (VIP>1, P<0.05). KEGG pathway analysis revealed significant changes in three metabolic pathways: glutamate metabolism, glyceride metabolism, and citric acid cycle. ConclusionMetabolomics analysis can reveal the characteristics of changes in metabolites in the serum of breast tumors. The results suggest that glutamate metabolism, glyceride metabolism, citric acid cycle, and alanine metabolism pathways are associated with the occurrence and development of DMBA-induced breast tumors in Tupaia belangeri. It provides a foundation for further research into the biological mechanism of breast cancer.

This experiment aims to investigate the effects of a dietary supplement of herbal tea resi-due on white feather broilers in the prospectives of growth performance,serum indexes and intesti-nal immune indexes.A total of 280 1-day-old white feather broilers with similar body mass and good health were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates per group and 14 birds per repli-cate.Group Ⅰ(control group)was fed a basal diet.Groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were fed a diet supple-mented with 2％,4％and 6％herbal tea residue powder,respectively.The feeding lasted for 49 days,and was divided into 2 phases from 1 to 21 days of age and 22 to 49 days of age.Blood,tissue and mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum were collected on 21 d and 49 d.Total cholesterol(T-CHO),triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine amin-otransferase(ALT)in the serum were examined.The villus height and crypt depth of the jejunum were observed and measured by morphology.The mRNA expression levels of intestinal interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-2(IL-2),interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-10(IL-10)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were determined by qPCR.The results showed that compared with group Ⅰ,the mass of group Ⅲ on 21 d and 49 d significantly increased(P＜0.05).The average daily feed intake of 22-49 d and 1-49 d significantly increased(P＜0.05).The average daily mass gain of 1-21 d,22-49 d and 1-49 d significantly increased(P＜0.05).In the serum of 21 d,compared with group Ⅰ,T-CHO in group Ⅱ significantly decreased(P＜0.05).TG in groups Ⅱ,m and Ⅳ significantly de-creased(P＜0.05).LDL-C and AST activity in group Ⅳ significantly decreased(P＜0.05).In the serum of 49 d,T-CHO in group Ⅲ,LDL-C in group Ⅳ,HDL-C of groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the ALT activity of these two groups decreased(P＜0.05).AST activity in group Ⅱ significantly decreased(P＜0.05).In the duodenum of 21 d,compared with group Ⅰ,the expressions of TNF-α in group Ⅱ was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).In the duodenum of 49 d,the expression of IL-10 in group Ⅱ was significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the expression of IL-2 in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).In the jejunum of 49 d,the ex-pression of IL-10 in group Ⅱ was increased(P＜0.05),and the expression of IL-2 in groups Ⅲand Ⅳ was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).In conclusion,dietary herbal tea residue can regulate circulating lipid level and enhance intestinal immunity of white feather broilers without affecting their normal growth performance.This experiment also suggested that the a 2％-4％supplementa-tion of herbal tea residues to white feather broilers was of good effect.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective A recombinant plasmid for CRISPR interference(CRISPRi)that incorporates dCas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes was constructed to investigate the function of Coxiella burnetii genes through a prompt,simple method.Methods A single guide RNA(sgRNA)sequence targeting C.burnetii dotB was integrated into a recombinant plasmid,which was then transformed into C.burnetii using electroporation.Next,dCas9 expression was induced with dehydrated tetracycline(aTC)to inhibit the transcription of dotB.Results The results demonstrated that dCas9 can be expressed normally in the CRISPRi system through aTC induction.Suppression of dotB was observed at the transcriptional and translational levels.In addition,the intracellular reproduction of C.burnetii significantly decreased after the suppression of dotB expression.Conclusion Silencing technology for the C.burnetii gene based on CRISPRi was established in this study,providing support for studying the biological functions of C.burnetii genes.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics of severe periodontitis with various number of tooth loss during 4-year natural progression, and to analyze the factors related to higher rate of tooth loss. METHODS: A total of 217 patients aged 15 to 44 years with severe periodontitis were included, who participated in a 4-year natural progression research. Data obtained from questionnaire survey, clinical examination and radiographic measurement. Tooth loss during 4-year natural progression was evaluated. The baseline periodontal disease related and caries related factors were calculated, including number of teeth with bone loss > 50%, number of missing molars, number of teeth with widened periodontal ligament space (WPDL), number of teeth with periapical lesions and etc. Characteristics of populations with various number of tooth loss and the related factors that affected higher rate of tooth loss were analyzed. RESULTS: In 4 years of natural progression, 103 teeth were lost, and annual tooth loss per person was 0.12±0.38. Nine patients lost 3 or more teeth. Thirty-four patients lost 1 or 2 teeth, and 174 patients were absent of tooth loss. Molars were mostly frequent to lose, and canines presented a minimum loss. The number of teeth with WPDL, with periapical lesions, with intrabony defects, with probing depth (PD)≥7 mm, with PD≥5 mm, with clinical attachment loss≥5 mm, with bone loss > 50% and with bone loss > 65% were positively correlated to number of tooth loss. Results from orderly multivariate Logistic regression showd that the number of teeth with bone loss > 50% OR=1.550), baseline number of molars lost (OR=1.774), number of teeth with WPDL (1 to 2: OR=1.415; ≥3: OR=13.105), number of teeth with periapical lesions (1 to 2: OR=4.393; ≥3: OR=9.526) and number of teeth with caries/residual roots (OR=3.028) were significant risk factors related to higher likelihood of tooth loss and multiple tooth loss. CONCLUSION In 4 years of natural progression, the number of teeth with bone loss > 50%, baseline number of missing molars, number of teeth with WPDL, baseline number of teeth with periapical lesions and number of teeth with caries/residual roots were significantly related to higher risk of tooth loss and multiple tooth loss among Chinese young and middle-aged patients with severe periodontitis in rural areas.
Humans ; Tooth Loss/etiology* ; Periodontitis/complications* ; Tooth ; Periodontal Diseases ; Molar

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of meridian sinew releasing technique on moxibustion sensation of heat-sensitive moxibustion in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS: A total of 60 patients with KOA were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases each group. In the observation group, on the basis of the meridian sinew releasing technique, moxibustion sensation exploration method was applied at Dubi (ST 35) area on the affected side. In the control group, moxibustion sensation exploration method was applied at Dubi (ST 35) area on the affected side. The meridian sinew releasing technique was performed for 20 min each time, the moxibustion sensation exploration method was performed for 60 min each time, once a day for 3 days. The excitation rate, latency, duration time and intensity value of moxibustion sensation of heat-sensitive moxibustion were recorded on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd days of exploration in the two groups. RESULTS: The excitation rate on the 3rd day of exploration and total excitation rate in the observation group were higher than the control group (P<0.05). On the 1st, 2nd and 3rd days of exploration, the latency of moxibustion sensation of heat-sensitive moxibustion in the observation group was shorter than the control group (P<0.05), the duration time was longer than the control group (P<0.05), and the intensity value was higher than the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Meridian sinew releasing technique could improve the excitation rate of moxibustion sensation of heat-sensitive moxibustion in patients with KOA, shorten the latency, prolong the duration time, and improve the intensity value.
Humans ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/therapy* ; Hot Temperature ; Meridians ; Moxibustion ; Sensation

Entinostat plus exemestane in hormone receptor-positive (HR+) advanced breast cancer (ABC) previously showed encouraging outcomes. This multicenter phase 3 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of entinostat plus exemestane in Chinese patients with HR + ABC that relapsed/progressed after ≥1 endocrine therapy. Patients were randomized (2:1) to oral exemestane 25 mg/day plus entinostat (n = 235) or placebo (n = 119) 5 mg/week in 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was the independent radiographic committee (IRC)-assessed progression-free survival (PFS). The median age was 52 (range, 28-75) years and 222 (62.7%) patients were postmenopausal. CDK4/6 inhibitors and fulvestrant were previously used in 23 (6.5%) and 92 (26.0%) patients, respectively. The baseline characteristics were comparable between the entinostat and placebo groups. The median PFS was 6.32 (95% CI, 5.30-9.11) and 3.72 (95% CI, 1.91-5.49) months in the entinostat and placebo groups (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.58-0.98; P = 0.046), respectively. Grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) occurred in 154 (65.5%) patients in the entinostat group versus 23 (19.3%) in the placebo group, and the most common grade ≥3 treatment-related AEs were neutropenia [103 (43.8%)], thrombocytopenia [20 (8.5%)], and leucopenia [15 (6.4%)]. Entinostat plus exemestane significantly improved PFS compared with exemestane, with generally manageable toxicities in HR + ABC (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT03538171).

Bunyavirus is widely distributed, highly contagious, and has a high fatality rate. It is a negative- strand RNA virus that has a major impact on public health around the world. The development of vaccines and the search for drugs are the key to prevent bunyavirus infection. The nucleoprotein (NP) of viruses is necessary for the synthesis of viral RNA, which combines with viral RNA to form the nucleocapsid, participates in viral assembly and RNA transcription, and plays an important role in viral proliferation. In addition, NP also has B cell and T cell epitopes, which can induce cellular and humoral immunity, so NP is an ideal target for vaccine design and drug development. Given its abundance and specificity, NP is also commonly used in the detection of viral diseases. More and more bunyavirus NP structures and structures of NP-RNA complexes have been resolved. Researchers have discovered two important antiviral targets through these structures, the terminal arm and the RNA binding cleft. This paper reviews the function and three-dimensional structure of the bunyavirus NP and the research progress of NP as an antiviral target, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of the bunyavirus disease.