Objective To investigate the microbial contamination and its influencing factors of indoor air in public places in Xi'an City, to assess the health risk of employees, and to provide a scientific basis for improving the indoor environment of public places. Methods Total bacterial count and total fungal count in indoor air were monitored in hotels/inns, shopping malls/supermarkets, gyms, and waiting rooms in Xi'an from 2023 to 2024. The health risk assessment of employees was evaluated according to the Chinese Population Exposure Parameters Manual (Adult Volume). Results Overall, the standard-exceeding rate of total bacterial count in Xi'an was 3.85%, and the median values of total bacterial count and total fungal count were 350 CFU/m3 and 300 CFU/m3, respectively. The results of the generalized linear model showed that high indoor temperature and PM10 levels were associated with increased indoor bacterial concentrations (β>0, P<0.05), while high daily passenger flow, and high indoor relative humidity and PM₁₀ levels were associated with increased indoor fungal concentrations (β>0, P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression showed that high levels of indoor bacterial and fungal concentrations were risk factors for respiratory discomfort among employees. The hazard quotient (HQ) values for all types of public places were less than 1, indicating that the health risk of microbial aerosol exposures for employees was relatively low. Conclusion The indoor microbial pollution in public places in Xi'an is relatively mild, but countermeasures still need to be taken to reduce indoor air microbial contamination.

Objective To explore the impact of number of positive regional lymph nodes (nPRLN) in N1 stage on the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods Patients with TxN1M0 stage NSCLC who underwent lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection from 2010 to 2015 were screened from SEER database (17 Regs, 2022nov sub). The optimal cutoff value of nPRLN was determined using X-tile software, and patients were divided into 2 groups according to the cutoff value: a nPRLN≤optimal cutoff group and a nPRLN>optimal cutoff group. The influence of confounding factors was minimized by propensity score matching (PSM) at a ratio of 1 : 1. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate overall survival (OS) and lung cancer-specific survival (LCSS) of patients. Results A total of 1316 patients with TxN1M0 stage NSCLC were included, including 662 males and 654 females, with a median age of 67 (60, 73) years. The optimal cutoff value of nPRLN was 3, with 1165 patients in the nPRLN≤3 group and 151 patients in the nPRLN>3 group. After PSM, there were 138 patients in each group. Regardless of before or after PSM, OS and LCSS of patients in the nPRLN≤3 group were superior to those in the nPRLN>3 group (P<0.001). N1 stage nPRLN>3 was an independent prognostic risk factor for OS [HR=1.52, 95%CI (1.22, 1.89), P<0.001] and LCSS [HR=1.72, 95%CI (1.36, 2.18), P<0.001]. Conclusion N1 stage nPRLN>3 is an independent prognostic risk factor for NSCLC patients in TxN1M0 stage, which may provide new evidence for future revision of TNM staging N1 stage subclassification.

Coronary heart disease is a cardiovascular disease that affects coronary arteries. It presents high incidence and high mortality worldwide, bringing a serious threat to human health and quality of life. Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza is widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease. Salvianolic acid B is an active component in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma extracts, and studies have shown that it has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, apoptosis-and autophagy-regulating, anti-fibrosis, and metabolism-modulating effects. This article reviews the research progress regarding the therapeutic effect of salvianolic acid B on coronary heart disease in the recent decade. It elaborates on the role and mechanism of salvianolic acid B in treating coronary heart disease from multiple perspectives, such as the inhibition of thrombosis, improvement of blood circulation, reduction of myocardial cell injury, and inhibition of cardiac remodeling. This article provides a theoretical basis for the application of Chinese medicinal materials and TCM prescriptions containing salvianolic acid B in the treatment of coronary heart disease.
Humans ; Benzofurans/administration & dosage* ; Coronary Disease/genetics* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Salvia miltiorrhiza/chemistry* ; Animals ; Depsides

OBJECTIVES: To explore the underlying pharmacological mechanisms and its potential effects of Chinese medicine herbal formula Sini Powder (SNP) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: The active components of SNP and their in vivo distribution were identified using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Construction of component-target-disease networks, protein-protein interaction network, Gene Ontology function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, and molecular docking were employed to analyze the active components and anti-HCC mechanisms of SNP. Cell viability assay and wound healing assay were utilized to confirm the effect of SNP-containing serum (2.5%, 5.0%, 10%, 20%, and 40%), isoprenaline or propranolol (both 10, 100, and 1,000 µ mol/L) on proliferation and migration of HepG 2 or Huh7 cells. Meanwhile, the effect of isoprenaline or propranolol on the β 2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) mRNA expression on HepG2 cells were measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcription (RT-qPCR). Mice with subcutaneous tumors were either subjected to chronic restraint stress (CRS) followed by SNP administration (364 mg/mL) or directly treated with SNP (364 mg/mL). These two parallel experiments were performed to validate the effects of SNP on stress responses. Stress-related proteins and hormones were quantified using RT-qPCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistochemistry. Metagenomic sequencing was performed to confirm the influence of SNP on the gut microbiota in the tumor-bearing CRS mice. RESULTS: The distribution of the 12 active components of SNP was confirmed in various tissues and feces. Network pharmacology analysis confirmed the anti-HCC effects of the 5 active components. The potential anti-HCC mechanisms of SNP may involve the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (SRC) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways. SNP-containing serum inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 and Huh7 cells at concentrations of 2.5% and 5.0%, respectively, after 24 h of treatment. Furthermore, SNP suppressed tumor progression in tumor-bearing mice exposed to CRS. SNP treatment also downregulated the expressions of stress-related proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines, primarily by modulating the gut microbiota. Specifically, the abundance of Alistipes and Prevotella, which belong to the phylum Bacteroidetes, increased in the SNP-treated group, whereas Lachnospira, in the phylum Firmicutes, decreased. CONCLUSION SNP can combat HCC by alleviating stress responses through the regulation of gut microbiota.
Animals ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Liver Neoplasms/microbiology* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/microbiology* ; Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Powders ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Mice ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Hep G2 Cells ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics* ; Stress, Physiological/drug effects* ; Cell Movement/drug effects* ; Male ; Protein Interaction Maps/drug effects* ; Cell Survival/drug effects* ; Proto-Oncogene Mas

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of acupuncture on the neurotransmitter levels and gut microbiota in a mouse model of Tourette syndrome (TS). METHODS: Thirty-six male C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups using a random number table method: 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) group, control group, acupuncture group, and tiapride group, with 9 mice in each group. In the IDPN group, acupuncture group, and tiapride group, mice received daily intraperitoneal injections of IDPN (300 mg/kg body weight) for 7 consecutive days to induce stereotyped behaviors. Subsequently, in the acupuncture intervention group, standardized acupuncture treatment was administered for 14 consecutive days to IDPN-induced TS model mice. The selected acupoints included Baihui (DU 20), Yintang (DU 29), Waiguan (SJ 5), and Zulinqi (GB 41). In the tiapride group, mice were administered tiapride (50 mg/kg body weight) via oral gavage daily for 14 consecutive days. The control group, IDPN group, and acupuncture group received the same volume of saline orally for 14 consecutive days. Stereotypic behaviors were quantified through behavioral assessments. Neurotransmitter levels, including dopamine (DA), glutamate (Glu), and aspartate (ASP) in striatal tissue were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Dopamine transporter (DAT) expression levels were additionally quantified through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Gut microbial composition was analyzed through 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, while metabolic profiling was conducted using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). RESULTS: Acupuncture administration significantly attenuated stereotypic behaviors, concurrently reducing striatal levels of DA, Glu and ASP concentrations while upregulating DAT expression compared with untreated TS controls (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Comparative analysis identified significant differences in Muribaculaceae (P=0.001), Oscillospiraceae (P=0.049), Desulfovibrionaceae (P=0.001), and Marinifilaceae (P=0.014) following acupuncture intervention. Metabolomic profiling revealed alterations in 7 metabolites and 18 metabolic pathways when compared to the TS mice, which involved various amino acid metabolisms associated with DA, Glu, and ASP. CONCLUSIONS Acupuncture demonstrates significant modulatory effects on both central neurotransmitter systems and gut microbial ecology, thereby highlighting its dual therapeutic potential for TS management through gut-brain axis regulation.
Animals ; Tourette Syndrome/metabolism* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism* ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Male ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice

Background and purpose:The treatment of recurrent,metastatic,and treatment-na?ve advanced cervical cancer remains challenging.Immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy and targeted therapy has shown preliminary clinical benefits,however,current evidence remains limited.This study aimed to evaluate the impact of camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy and targeted therapy on the prognosis of patients with recurrent,metastatic,and treatment-na?ve advanced cervical cancer.Methods:In this study,we conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical data from 130 patients with recurrent,metastatic,and treatment-na?ve advanced cervical cancer admitted to Minhang Branch of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from 2019 to 2025.The patients were categorized into the observation group(n=70),which included those who received camrelizumab with or without chemotherapy and targeted therapy,and the control group(n=60),including those who received chemotherapy and targeted therapy.Survival analysis was performed using the log-rank test,and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to explore prognostic factors.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Minhang Branch of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center[Approval number:(2024)Review No.(015)]and all informed consents were exempted.Results:The objective response rate(ORR)in the observation group was 72.9%,and the disease control rate(DCR)was 80.0%,which were significantly higher than those in the control group with an ORR of 20.0%(χ2=36.1,P＜0.001)and a DCR of 40.0%(χ2=21.8,P＜0.001).The median progression-free survival(PFS)in the observation group was not reached,significantly longer than that in the control group of 7.0 months(P＜0.001).Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified camrelizumab treatment as an independent protective factor for PFS(P＜0.001).Age,site of recurrence/metastasis,initial treatment approach,and histopathological type were not significantly associated with PFS.In the observation group,adverse events of grade 3 or higher were reported in 29 patients(41.4%),which primarily included vasculitis,hypothyroidism,hypersensitivity reactions,and diarrhea.Conclusion:The use of camrelizumab significantly improved treatment outcomes and prognosis for patients with recurrent,metastatic,and treatment-na?ve advanced cervical cancer,with significantly improved progression-free survival.Although a certain proportion of patients experienced adverse events of grade 3 or higher,the overall safety profile was acceptable.In clinical practice,immunotherapy offers a more effective treatment option for patients.

Aim To establish the pyroptosis model of rat chondrocytes induced by tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)in order to study the effect of lysine acetyl-transferase 7(KAT7)on pyroptosis of chondrocytes.Methods Chondrocytes of rat knee joint were isolated by type Ⅱ collagenase digestion,and were identified by toluidine blue staining and Col Ⅱ immunofluorescence.CCK-8 was used to evaluate cell viability.Western blot was used to detect the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins NLRP3,GSDMD,caspase-8 and KAT7 in cells intervened with TNF-α,adenovirus overexpression of KAT7(KAT7-oe)and KAT7 inhibitor WM-3835.The microstructure of the cells was observed by scanning e-lectron microscopy.Pyroptosis was detected by TUNEL staining,and the expression of pyroptosis-related pro-tein and KAT7 was detected by immunofluorescence.Results Compared with the empty virus group,KAT7-oe inhibited cell viability,promoted the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins,and TNF-α enhanced this effect.At the same time,the expression of KAT7 and pyroptosis-related proteins in the TNF-α stimulation group increased,and WM-3835 reduced the related proteins expression.Electron microscopy showed that KAT7-oe caused cell swelling,deformation,membrane perforation and rupture,while WM-3835 could restore cell morphology.TUNEL staining and immunofluores-cence results also confirmed that KAT7-oe induced chondrocyte pyroptosis,and WM-3835 could down-reg-ulate the fluorescence of pyroptosis-related proteins.Conclusions The expression of KAT7 increases in rat chondrocyte pyroptosis model,and the intervention of KAT7 expression affects signal molecules related to py-roptosis pathway,suggesting that KAT7 may be related to chondrocyte pyroptosis.

Aim To explore the action mechanism of isoquercitrin(IQ)in ameliorating anxiety based on network pharmacology,cellular transcriptomics,molecu-lar docking and animal experiments.Methods The common targets of anxiety disorders and IQ were ob-tained by using relevant databases.The protein-protein interaction network,the biological function and signa-ling pathway enrichment analysis were conducted by u-sing the common targets.Primary hippocampal neurons were cultured in vitro,and corticosterone was added to induce neurons to establish a corticosterone injury mod-el.IQ treatment was added to the culture system,and transcriptomics was used to screen for differentially ex-pressed genes and enrich for differentially expressed pathways.Subsequently,the results were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).Possible targets and signaling pathways for IQ treatment on anxiety were speculated and screened u-sing network pharmacology,transcriptomics and molec-ular docking.The anxiety rat model was constructed,and the anxiety state of rats was evaluated after IQ in-tervention,and the protein expression level of hippo-campus was detected to verify the relevant mechanism.Results Network pharmacology,cellular transcrip-tome,and molecular docking analyses revealed that the key mechanism of IQ for anxiety may be related to the BDKRB2/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Animal exper-iments showed that IQ was effective in improving anxie-ty behaviour and learning memory ability in rats.IQ increased the movement distance and residence time in the central area of the open field,the time and number percentage of entries into the open arm in the elevated plus maze,and the spontaneous alternations score in the Y maze in rats,and significantly elevated protein expression of BDKRB2,PI3K,Akt and decreased pro-tein expression of NF-κB in the hippocampus.Conclu-sions Isoquercitrin can effectively treat anxiety,and the mechanism of action may be related to the regula-tion of BDKRB2/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in hip-pocampus.

Albendazole-glucan particles(ABZ-GPS)and abendazole(ABZ)were used to treat secondary alveolar echinococ-cosis in mice.The therapeutic effects of ABZ-GPS on alveolar echinococcosis in vivo were evaluated,and the feasibility of using glucan particles as anti-hydatid drug carriers was further verified.Mice with echinococcosis were randomly divided into an ABZ group,glucan nanoparticle(GP)group,ABZ-GPS group,and control group.After four courses of administration with a final concentration of 50 mg/mL,the therapeutic effects of ABZ-GPS were evaluated on the basis of imaging,histopathological changes,ultrastructure,and immunology.After ABZ-GPS and ABZ administration,clear liver lesion tissue necrosis and large numbers of infiltrating lymphocytes were observed.Significant differences in the average cyst wet weight(t=7.83,P＜0.05),were observed between the ABZ-GPS group and ABZ group.Imaging revealed that ABZ-GPs were targeted to liver tissue.Pa-thology and ultrastructure analyses demonstrated that the alveolar hydatid cells in the liver in the control group and GP group grew well,and the vesicles were large,filled with cystic fluid,and translucent or transparent;the cyst wall tension was high;no calcification was observed;the stratum corneum and germinal layer were clear;and more fertile capsules and different num-bers of protocephalospora were present in the liver.In the ABZ group,the capsular cavity collapsed,and showed partial necro-sis and lymphocyte infiltration.In the ABZ-GP group,the corneum and germinal layer of echinococcus vesicles were difficult to identify,and we observed bulbous necrosis,central calcification,fibrous tissue hyperplasia,inflammatory cell infiltration,coarser,shorter or absent microvilli of the germinal layer,nuclear shrinkage,dissolution or disappearance,clear expansion of cytoplasmic microtubules,and myelin-like or vacuole-like changes.Therefore,ABZ-GPs showed good targeting and killing ac-tivity in vivo in mice with secondary alveolar coccosis.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.