OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the current management of drug clinical trial institutions in Jiangxi Province and the situation of undertaking drug clinical trials after the implementation of the filing system. METHODS A survey was conducted on 38 new institutions （obtained qualifications during the implementation of the filing system） and old institutions （obtained qualifications during the implementation of the recognition system） that had completed drug clinical trial institution qualification filing for more than one year in Jiangxi Province. The survey focused on the basic information of the institutions， the number of registered principal investigator （PI）， institutional hardware and information construction， personnel allocation and training， and drug registration clinical trials undertaken by the institutions. RESULTS Of 38 institutions surveyed， there were 22 general hospitals and 16 specialized hospitals； there were 24 old institutions and 14 new institutions. Whether in general hospitals or specialized hospitals， the old institutions were better than the new institutions in the number of approved beds， the number of outpatients， the number of inpatients， the number of specialties， and the number of PI； both old and new institutions had separate offices； all new institutions were set up with GCP pharmacy. The adoption of clinical trial management system in new institutions is significantly less than in old institutions. In the general hospital， both the number of full-time managers and the number of quality controllers in old institutions were significantly more than in the new institutions， while the opposite was true at the level of specialized hospitals. In terms of centralized training on GCP， new institutions were all better than the old ones. Whether in general hospitals or specialized hospitals， the number of drug registration clinical trial projects undertaken by new institutions was significantly less than that of old ones. CONCLUSIONS The new institutions are worse than the old institutions in comprehensive strength and information construction of hospitals， and the number of clinical trials undertaken by new institutions is also less than old institutions.

Objective To analyze the main epidemiological characteristics of fungal infection in this hospital in the past 7 years,and to provide reference for clinical treatment and prevention and control strategies of fun-gal infection.Methods The fungal data and clinical data of related patients isolated from clinical samples in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from early January 2018 to the end of May 2024 were selected,and the main epidemiological characteristics of fungal infection in this hospital were identified and described through multi-angle statistical analysis.Results A total of 4 479 patients with filamentous fungal infection were en-rolled.The proportion of male patients[57.5％(2 576/4 479)]was higher than that of female patients[42.5％(1 903/4 143)],mainly distributed in internal medicine,Intensive Care Unit(ICU)and emergency de-partment,among which internal medicine accounted for the highest proportion[50.0％(2 241/4 479)].About 90.0％of the specimens were from the lower respiratory tract,in addition to specimens from skin and soft tis-sue,tissue,ear and blood culture.In terms of seasonal distribution,there are more patients in winter.The fun-gi were mainly composed of Aspergillus,Mucor,Cerdosporium,Fusarium and Penicillium,among which As-pergillus was the most abundant,accounting for 74.6％of the total.Aspergillus fumigatus was the most a-bundant Aspergillus,accounting for 42.5％of the total Aspergillus(1 418/3 340).Among the related infec-tions caused by mold,Aspergillus was the most common in the lower respiratory tract,accounting for 76.8％.Among them,Aspergillus fumigatus accounted for the highest proportion(33.6％).98.6％of the molds infected the ear were Aspergillus,of which Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus were the most common.Skin infections are mainly caused by Sporothrix schenckii,Trichophyton rubrum,Microsporum ca-nis.The results of in vitro drug sensitivity test showed that the four common Aspergillus isolated in this hos-pital were sensitive to voriconazole,and amphotericin B had better antifungal activity against Mucorales in vitro.Conclusion Based on the main epidemiological characteristics of fungal infections in this hospital,it is recommended that special attention be paid to the admission of patients in the respiratory department during the peak infection period in autumn and winter.In the treatment of fungal infections in different regions and on different body parts,attention should be paid to the differences in the distribution of bacterial species.

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system in which genetic factors playing a significant role in its occurrence and progression.In recent years,significant advancements have been made in AD genetics research,facilitated by the widespread application of high-throughput sequencing tech-nologies and genome-wide association studies(GWAS).AD has a significant genetic basis:early-onset AD(EOAD)is primarily driven by mutations in the APP,PSEN1,and PSEN2 genes,leading to the accumulation of amyloid β-protein(Aβ);while the APOEε4 allele represents the major genetic risk factor for late-onset AD(LOAD).Furthermore,GWAS have identified additional risk genes,such as TREM2,which implicate pathways including neuro-inflammation.Concurrently,the epigenetic mechanisms and rare genetic variants were found to be involved in disease pathogenesis.A deeper understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying AD may support the development of related therapeutic strategies.Therefore,this review provides an comprehensive overview of cur-rent genetic research on AD to support future research in the field.

Objective:To construct a machine-learning model for predicting the progression of pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) based on clinical and CT features, and to evaluate its predictive performance in internal/external testing cohorts.Methods:Baseline clinical and radiological data of 200 PCLs in 177 patients undergoing abdominal thin slice enhanced CT examination at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from July 2014 to December 2022 were retrospectively collected. PCLs were divided into progressive and non-progressive groups according to whether the signs indicated for surgery by the guidelines of the European study group on PCLs were present during three-year follow-up. 200 PCLs were randomly divided into training (150 PCLs) and internal testing cohorts (50 PCLs) at the ratio of 1∶3. 15 PCLs in 14 patients at Jinling Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University from October 2011 to May 2020 were enrolled as external testing cohort. The clinical and CT radiological features were recorded. Multiple feature selection methods and machine-learning models were implemented and combined to identify the optimal machine-learning model based on the 10-fold cross-validation method. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was drawn and area under curve (AUC) was calculated. The model with the highest AUC was determined as the optimal model. The optimal model's predictive performance was evaluated on testing cohort by calculating AUC, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Permutation importance was used to assess the importance of optimal model features. Calibration curves of the optimal model were established to evaluate the model's clinical applicability by Hosmer-Lemeshow test.Results:In training and internal testing cohorts, the progressive and non-progressive groups were significantly different on history of pancreatitis, lesions size, main pancreatic duct diameter and dilation, thick cyst wall, presence of septation and thick septation (all P value <0.05) In internal testing cohort, the two groups were significantly different on gender, lesion calcification and pancreatic atrophy (all P value <0.05). In external testing cohort, the two groups were significantly different on lesions size and pancreatic duct dilation (both P<0.05). The support vector machine (SVM) model based on five features selected by F test (lesion size, thick cyst wall, history of pancreatitis, main pancreatic duct diameter and dilation) achieved the highest AUC of 0.899 during cross-validation. SVM model for predicting the progression of PCLs demonstrated an AUC of 0.909, sensitivity of 82.4%, specificity of 72.7%, and accuracy of 76.0% in the internal testing cohort, and 0.944, 100%, 77.8%, and 86.7% in the external testing cohort. Calibration curved showed that the predicted probability by the model was comparable to the real progression of PCLs. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test affirmed the model's consistency with actual PCLs progression in testing cohorts. Conclusions:The SVM model based on clinical and CT features can help doctors predict the PCLs progression within three-year follow-up, thus achieving efficient patient management and rational allocation of medical resource.

Objective:To explore the efficacy of online pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) management among community-dwelling patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods:This study was a single-center randomized controlled trail with an unblinded design. A total of 130 patients with stable COPD who visited Zhuanqiao Community Health Service Center in Shanghai Minhang District from October 2020 to March 2022 were randomly divided into study group and control group with 65 cases in each group. Both groups received conventional treatment, while patients in study group attended online rehabilitation management, including face-to-face rehabilitation instruction and multiple online guidance. Pulmonary ventilation function including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV 1) and percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced expiratoty volume (FEV 1%pred), modified British Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test (CAT), score of 6 minutes walking distance (6MWD) and DOSE (dyspnea, degree of airflow obstruction, smoking status, the number of exacerbation) index were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks of rehabilitation, and compared between two groups. Results:The baseline data of the two groups were comparable. After 8 weeks of management, FVC, FEV 1, FEV 1%pred, mMRC, CAT, 6MWD and DOSE index of both groups were improved compared with the baseline level(control group: t=-7.799, -7.581, -9.010, 3.565, 9.887, -16.677, 3.795; study group: t=-12.623, -13.914, -17.644, 7.404, 22.457, -26.826, 7.968; all P<0.05). The FEV 1%pred, CAT and 6MWD in the study group were better than those in the control group ( t=-2.939, 2.277,-2.130, all P<0.05); while there were no significant differences in FVC, FEV 1, mMRC and DOSE index between the two groups( t=-0.162, -1.280, 0.925, 1.939,all P>0.05). Conclusions:The online pulmonary rehabilitation management can better improve lung function, dyspnea symptoms and exercise tolerance of patients with stable COPD, which can be used for rehabilitation training and management of community-dwelling patients.

Objective This study summarized the clinical data of IBD patients receiving upadacitinib treatment in our hospital,and provided more Chinese data to better guide the treatment of upadacitinib in Chinese IBD population.Methods Clinical data of 11 patients with IBD who received upadacitinib treatment at Anhui Provincial Hospital from March 1,2023 to September 8,2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Platelet count,ESR,CRP,disease severity score,endoscopic score,and adverse reactions were compared before treatment,at the 4th and 8th week of treatment,and clinical response rate,clinical response rate,endoscopic response rate,and endoscopic response rate were calculated.SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results The platelets,ESR and CRP of patients at the 4th and 8th week after upadacitinib treatment were decreased compared with those before treatment,with statistical significance.At the 4th week,the clinical response rate was 72.72％(8/11),the clinical remission rate was 0,the clinical response rate of UC patients was 83.33％(5/6),and the clinical response rate of CD patients was 60％(3/5).At the 8th week of treatment,the clinical response rate was 100％(10/10),the clinical remission rate was 80.00％(8/10),the clinical response rate of UC patients was 100％(6/6),the clinical remission rate of UC patients was 83.33％(5/6),the clinical response rate of CD patients was 100％(4/4),and the clinical remission rate of CD was 75％(3/4).There were no adverse reactions during treatment.Three patients were re-examined by colonoscopy,all of whom were severe UC patients and achieved mucosal healing.Conclusion Upadacitinib can rapidly,effectively and sustainably control the disease in patients with moderate and severe IBD,with high safety.

Objective:To investigate the related risk factors of surgical appendectomy after endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy (ERAT) in children.Methods:From September 2019 to November 2023 at the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University,the data from all related children with appendectomy after ERAT were analyzed. The general situation and main clinical manifestations of the children were collected. According to the effect of ERAT,the patients were divided into transfer to surgical group and appendicitis recurrence group by the reasons and time of transfer to surgical treatment. The indexes such as ERAT and reoperation process and pathological types of appendix after operation were collected,and the clinical experience was summarized.Results:Among the 242 children who underwent ERAT,32 cases underwent appendectomy again,including 19 males and 13 females,with an average age of（9.16±2.77）years,and the reoperation rate was 13.2%. The clinical manifestation was abdominal pain (32 cases,100.0%),mainly right lower abdominal pain (28 cases,87.5%),and the main duration was less than 3 months (30 cases,93.8%). Abdominal ultrasound or CT before ERAT mainly indicated appendicitis (11 cases,34.4%) and appendicitis complicated with appendiceal calculus (11 cases,34.4%). There were 9 children in transferred to surgical group,of which 5 cases were transferred to surgery because of ERAT intubation failure,and 4 cases were transferred to surgery because of appendix perforation or abscess. Postoperative pathology showed acute suppurative appendicitis in 5 cases and acute gangrenous appendicitis in 4 cases. There were 23 children in appendicitis recurrence group,whose abdominal pain was relieved after ERAT,but their symptoms were repeated after discharge. After clinical evaluation,they were diagnosed as recurrent appendicitis and underwent surgical appendectomy. Most of them were reoperated within 6 months after ERAT (21 cases,91.3%).Postoperative pathology was mainly chronic appendicitis (10 cases,43.5%).Conclusion:Acute suppurative appendicitis and acute gangrenous appendicitis are prone to catheterization or endoscopic failure during ERAT,and there is a high risk of surgical transfer. ERAT may relieve the symptoms of chronic appendicitis in children. If the symptoms are repeated,surgery is still needed to remove the appendix.

Objective:To investigate the spectrum and antimicrobial resistance of major pathogens causing nosocomial infections in China during 2020-2021.Methods:A total of 1 311 non-duplicated nosocomial pathogens causing bloodstream infections (BSI, n=670), hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP, n=394) and intra-abdominal infections (IAI, n=297) were collected from 10 teaching hospitals across China. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of clinical common strains were determined using agar dilution or broth microdilution method. Interpretation of reults followed the CLSI M100-Ed33 criteria, with data analysis conducted using WHONET-5.6 software. The Chi-square test was used to compare rates. Results:The most prevalent pathogens causing BSI were Escherichia coli (21.2%, 142/670), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.9%, 100/670) and Staphylococcus aureus (11.5%, 77/670); the most prevalent pathogens causing HAP were K. pneumoniae (27.7%, 109/394), Acinetobacter baumanii (22.1%, 87/394) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.3%, 72/394). IN IAI, E. coli (24.3%, 60/247), Enterococcus faecium and K. pneumoniae (both 14.6%, 36/247) were dominated. All S. aureus strains were susceptible to tigecycline, linezolid, daptomycin and glycopeptides. Rates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS) were 36.5% (42/115) and 74.5% (38/51), respectively. The rate of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and E. faecalis was 3.3% (3/90) and 1.9% (1/53), respectively. The prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) was 23.7% (58/245) in K. pneumonia and 60.5% (130/215) in E. coli.The rate of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumonia and E. coli was 29.8% (73/245) and 4.2% (9/215), respectively; the percentage of tigecycline-resistant K. pneumonia and E. coli was 1.6% (4/245) and 0, respectively; the rate of colistin-resistant K. pneumonia and E. coli was 1.6% (4/245) and 2.8% (6/215), respectively; the percentage of ceftazidime/avibactam-resistant K. pneumonia and E. coli was 2.0% (5/245) and 2.3% (5/215), respectively. The rate of carbapenem-resistant A. baumanii and P. aeruginosa was 76.7% (125/163) and 28.4% (33/116), respectively. A. baumanii showed low susceptibility to most antimicrobial agents except colistin (98.8%, 161/163) and tigecycline (89.6%, 146/163). Colistin, amikacin and ceftazidime/avibactam demonstrated high antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa with susceptility rates of 99.1% (115/116), 94.0% (109/116) and 83.6% (97/116), respectively. Conclusions:The major pathogens of nosocomial infections were K. pneumonia, E. coli, A. baumanii, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Nosocomial Gram-negative pathogens exhibited high susceptibilities to tigecycline, colistin and ceftazidime/avibactam. Antimicrobial resistance in A. baumannii remains a significant challenge. The increasing prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales underscores the urgency of antibiotics rational applications and hospital infection controls.

Objectives:Aimed to establish a rapid, high-throughput, automated method for determining the creatine kinase (CK-MM) isoform levels.Methods:Magnetic beads labeled with anti-CK-MM antibodies were combined with alkaline phosphatase-based chemiluminescence detection. Clinical and diagnostic performance validation of the assay was determined by analysis of 998 and 75 dried blood spot samples from healthy newborns and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients, respectively, and the CK activity was also determined. The blank and detection limits, cross-reactivity, recovery rate of the method, intra-and inter-assay coefficient, and the hook effect were evaluated.Results:Blank and detection limits were 17.4 and 39.3 ng/ml, respectively. Cross-reactivity toward CK-MB and CK-BB isoforms was 0.2% and 0.02%, respectively. Intra-and inter-assay coefficients of variation were<1%. Mean recovery was 100.32%, with no hook effect in CK-MM levels<50 000 ng/ml. Overall, the mean CK-MM concentrations in newborns and DMD patients were (27.05±0.97) and (3 720±300.5) ng/ml, respectively. A significant positive correlation between the dried blood spot detected CK-MM levels and total CK enzyme activity, evaluated in corresponding serum samples from the 75 DMD patients, was observed ( r=0.91, P<0.001), ?which is in good agreement with the clinical. Conclusions:An assay for rapid quantitative determination of CK-MM that meets clinical newborn screening requirements was established. It had a good value for application.

Objective:To explore the effect of APP based case management model in female patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) .Methods:From March 2022 to August 2023, convenience sampling was used to select 87 female SUI patients who visited the Pelvic Floor Clinic of the First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University as participants. Patients from March to November 2022 were selected as control group ( n=45) based on their treatment time, and received routine biofeedback electrical stimulation therapy combined with pelvic floor muscle exercise. Patients from December 2022 to August 2023 were selected as observation group ( n=42) and given an APP based case management model on the basis of control group. Before treatment, after treatment, and three months after treatment, the 1-hour pad test, Glazer assessment, and International Consultation Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form (ICIQ-SF) were used for evaluation. Results:Three cases in control group withdrew midway, while observation group completed interventions and follow-up. The urine leakage of both groups of patients decreased after treatment and three months after treatment compared to before treatment, and the symptom relief in observation group was better than that in control group, with statistical differences ( P<0.05). Three months after treatment, observation group showed statistically better peak fast muscle contractions, mean value of slow muscle contractions, and mean value of endurance contractions in Glazer assessment compared to control group ( P<0.05). The ICIQ-SF scores of observation group patients were statistically lower than those of control group after treatment and three months after treatment ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Combining conventional pelvic floor rehabilitation with an APP based case management model can increase process management and personalized guidance for female SUI patients, ensure the continuity of rehabilitation exercise, alleviate urinary leakage symptoms, improve treatment effectiveness, and promote patient recovery.