Based on spleen deficiency-phlegm dampness as the core pathogenesis of obesity， and integrating recent advances in modern medicine regarding the key role of immune inflammation in obesity， this paper proposes a multidimensional pathogenic network of "obesity-spleen deficiency-phlegm dampness-immune imbalance". Various traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） herbs that strengthen the spleen， regulate qi， and resolve phlegm and dampness can treat obesity by improving spleen-stomach transport and transformation， promoting water-damp metabolism， and regulating immune homeostasis. This highlights immune inflammation as an important entry point to elucidate the TCM concepts of "spleen deficiency-phlegm dampness" and the therapeutic principle of "strengthening the spleen and eliminating dampness to treat obesity". By systematically analyzing the intrinsic connection between "spleen deficiency generating dampness， internal accumulation of phlegm dampness" and immune dysregulation in obesity， this paper aims to provide theoretical support for TCM treatment of obesity based on dampness.

BACKGROUND:Dental pulp stem cells,which derived from the dental pulp tissue,are one type of dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells,possess significant properties of self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation.In recent years,series of researches focus on dental pulp stem cells and their derivatives such as extracellular vesicles,conditioned medium,and decellularized extracellular matrix,those have positive effects on the repair and regeneration of pulp tissue injury,showing an attractive clinical application.OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the researches and applications of dental pulp stem cells and their derivatives in dental pulp tissue engineering.METHODS:Literature searches were conducted in PubMed,China Biology Medicine(CBM),and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)databases for articles published from January 2005 to June 2023.The search terms included"dental pulp stem cells,extracellular vesicles,exosomes,apoptotic bodies,conditioned medium,decellularized matrix,regeneration"in Chinese and English.After screening the titles and abstracts,duplicate and irrelevant studies were excluded.Finally,103 studies closely related to dental pulp regeneration were included for review and analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Dental pulp stem cells and their derivatives are rich in lots of bioactive factors that can effectively promote odontogenic,angiogenic,and neurogenic differentiation,exhibiting significant potential in the formation of the pulp-dentin complex.However,the clinical translation of dental pulp stem cells and their derivatives still faces several challenges.Future researches should focus on optimizing preparation protocols,elucidating the underlying mechanisms of action,and refining safety assessments to provide novel therapeutic strategies for the repair of dental pulp injury.

BACKGROUND:Dental pulp stem cells,which derived from the dental pulp tissue,are one type of dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells,possess significant properties of self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation.In recent years,series of researches focus on dental pulp stem cells and their derivatives such as extracellular vesicles,conditioned medium,and decellularized extracellular matrix,those have positive effects on the repair and regeneration of pulp tissue injury,showing an attractive clinical application.OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the researches and applications of dental pulp stem cells and their derivatives in dental pulp tissue engineering.METHODS:Literature searches were conducted in PubMed,China Biology Medicine(CBM),and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)databases for articles published from January 2005 to June 2023.The search terms included"dental pulp stem cells,extracellular vesicles,exosomes,apoptotic bodies,conditioned medium,decellularized matrix,regeneration"in Chinese and English.After screening the titles and abstracts,duplicate and irrelevant studies were excluded.Finally,103 studies closely related to dental pulp regeneration were included for review and analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Dental pulp stem cells and their derivatives are rich in lots of bioactive factors that can effectively promote odontogenic,angiogenic,and neurogenic differentiation,exhibiting significant potential in the formation of the pulp-dentin complex.However,the clinical translation of dental pulp stem cells and their derivatives still faces several challenges.Future researches should focus on optimizing preparation protocols,elucidating the underlying mechanisms of action,and refining safety assessments to provide novel therapeutic strategies for the repair of dental pulp injury.

Objective To understand the latent profiles of kinesiophobia in kidney transplant recipients and explore the influencing factors of different profiles.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 230 kidney transplant recipients subjected with convenient sampling from Department of Nephrology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from November 2024 to February 2025.General Information Questionnaire,Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11(TSK-11),Exercise Compliance Questionnaire,Fatigue Scale-14(FS-14),Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)and Chinese Version of the Self-Efficacy to Manage Chronic Disease Scale(C-SEMCD)were used for investigation and latent profile analysis.Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were applied to explore the influencing factors of different profiles.Results Kinesiophobia in the participants was classified into 3 latent profiles:fearless movement type-low kinesiophobia group(54 cases,23.48%),cautious movement type-moderate kinesiophobia group(98 cases,42.61%),and resistant movement type-high kinesiophobia group(78 cases,33.91%).Statistical differences were observed among the 3 groups in terms of age,education level,post-operative duration,depression score,fatigue score,and self-efficacy score of chronic disease management(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR=8.82,95%CI:1.27～61.10),education level[junior high school or below(OR=0.14,95%CI:0.04～0.50);technical secondary school or senior high school(OR=0.08,95%CI:0.02～0.27)],post-operative duration[<1 year(OR=11.39,95%CI:2.53～51.30);1-5 years(OR=11.05,95%CI:2.48～49.22)],fatigue(OR=1.32,95%CI:1.10～1.59),and depression(OR=1.53,95%CI:1.19～1.98)were influencing factors for resistant movement type-high kinesiophobia in the kidney transplant recipients.Education level(technical secondary school or senior high school:OR=0.32,95%CI:0.12-0.86)and self-efficacy of chronic disease management(OR=0.95,95%CI:0.90-1.00)were influencing factors for cautious movement type-moderate kinesiophobia in the recipients.Conclusion Kinesiophobia in kidney transplant recipients can be classified into 3 latent profiles.Recipients'age,education level,post-operative duration,fatigue,and depression are influencing factors for the resistant movement type-high kinesiophobia,and education level and chronic disease management self-efficacy are important influencing factors for the cautious movement type-moderate kinesiophobia.

ObjectiveTo investigate the influencing factors for recompensation in patients with decompensated hepatitis C cirrhosis， and to establish a predictive model. MethodsA total of 217 patients who were diagnosed with decompensated hepatitis C cirrhosis and were admitted to The Third People’s Hospital of Kunming l from January， 2019 to December， 2022 were enrolled， among whom 63 patients who were readmitted within at least 1 year and had no portal hypertension-related complications were enrolled as recompensation group， and 154 patients without recompensation were enrolled as control group. Related clinical data were collected， and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for the factors that may affect the occurrence of recompensation. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed measurement data between two groups， and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed measurement data between two groups； the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. A binary Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors for recompensation in patients with decompensated hepatitis C cirrhosis， and the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to assess the predictive performance of the model. ResultsAmong the 217 patients with decompensated hepatitis C cirrhosis， 63 （29.03%） had recompensation. There were significant differences between the recompensation group and the control group in HIV history （χ²=4.566， P=0.034）， history of partial splenic embolism （χ²=6.687， P=0.014）， Child-Pugh classification （χ²=11.978， P=0.003）， grade of ascites （χ²=14.229， P<0.001）， albumin （t=4.063， P<0.001）， prealbumin （Z=-3.077， P=0.002）， high-density lipoprotein （t=2.854， P=0.011）， high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （Z=-2.447， P=0.014）， prothrombin time （Z=-2.441， P=0.015）， carcinoembryonic antigen （Z=-2.113， P=0.035）， alpha-fetoprotein （AFP） （Z=-2.063， P=0.039）， CA125 （Z=-2.270， P=0.023）， TT3 （Z=-3.304， P<0.001）， TT4 （Z=-2.221， P=0.026）， CD45⁺ （Z=-2.278， P=0.023）， interleukin-5 （Z=-2.845， P=0.004）， tumor necrosis factor-α （Z=-2.176， P=0.030）， and portal vein width （Z=-5.283， P=0.005）. The multivariate analysis showed that history of partial splenic embolism （odds ratio ［OR］=3.064， P=0.049）， HIV history （OR=0.195， P=0.027）， a small amount of ascites （OR=3.390， P=0.017）， AFP （OR=1.003， P=0.004）， and portal vein width （OR=0.600， P<0.001） were independent influencing factors for the occurrence of recompensation in patients with decompensated hepatitis C cirrhosis. The ROC curve analysis showed that HIV history， grade of ascites， history of partial splenic embolism， AFP， portal vein width， and the combined predictive model of these indices had an area under the ROC curve of 0.556， 0.641， 0.560， 0.589， 0.745， and 0.817， respectively. ConclusionFor patients with decompensated hepatitis C cirrhosis， those with a history of partial splenic embolism， a small amount of ascites， and an increase in AFP level are more likely to experience recompensation， while those with a history of HIV and an increase in portal vein width are less likely to experience recompensation.

OBJECTIVES: The integrated endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor (ISRIB) is a selective inhibitor of the protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) signaling pathway within endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and can improve spatial and working memory in aged mice. Although ERS and oxidative stress are tightly interconnected, it remains unclear whether ISRIB alleviates cognitive impairment by restoring the balance between ERS and oxidative stress. This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of ISRIB on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive impairment in mice. METHODS: Eight-week-old male ICR mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: Normal saline (NS) group, LPS group, and ISRIB+LPS group. NS and LPS groups received daily intraperitoneal injections of normal saline for 7 days; on day 7, LPS group mice received intraperitoneal LPS (0.83 mg/kg) to establish a cognitive impairment model. ISRIB+LPS group received ISRIB (0.25 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 7 days, with LPS injected 30 minutes after ISRIB on day 7. Cognitive ability was evaluated by the novel place recognition test (NPRT). Real-time fluorogenic quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect changes in nitric oxide synthase (NOS), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), and catalase (CAT) gene expression in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), were measured in hippocampal and prefrontal cortex tissues. RESULTS: Compared with the NS group, mice in LPS group showed a significant reduction in novel place recognition ratio, upregulation of hippocampal NOS-1 and NOS-2 mRNA, downregulation of SOD-1 and CAT mRNA, increased MDA and GSSG, decreased GSH, and reduced GSH/GSSG ratio (all P<0.05). Compared with the LPS group, mice in ISRIB+LPS group exhibited significantly improved novel place recognition, downregulated NOS-1 and NOS-2 mRNA, upregulated SOD-1 and CAT mRNA, decreased MDA and GSSG, increased GSH, and an elevated GSH/GSSG ratio in the hippocampus (all P<0.05). No significant changes were observed in the prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS ISRIB improves LPS-induced cognitive impairment in mice by restoring the oxidative/antioxidant balance in the hippocampus.
Animals ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Male ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Cognitive Dysfunction/drug therapy* ; Mice ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects* ; Hippocampus/drug effects* ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/genetics* ; Guanidines/pharmacology* ; eIF-2 Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism*

Debates persist regarding the efficacy and safety of azvudine, particularly its real-world outcomes. This study involved patients aged ≥60 years who were admitted to 25 hospitals in mainland China with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Efficacy outcomes were all-cause mortality during hospitalization, the proportion of patients discharged with recovery, time to nucleic acid-negative conversion (T _NANC), time to symptom improvement (T _SI), and time of hospital stay (T _HS). Safety was also assessed. Among the 5884 participants identified, 1999 received azvudine, and 1999 matched controls were included after exclusion and propensity score matching. Azvudine recipients exhibited lower all-cause mortality compared with controls in the overall population (13.3% vs. 17.1%, RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90; P = 0.001) and in the severe subgroup (25.7% vs. 33.7%; RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66-0.88; P < 0.001). A higher proportion of patients discharged with recovery, and a shorter T _NANC were associated with azvudine recipients, especially in the severe subgroup. The incidence of adverse events in azvudine recipients was comparable to that in the control group (2.3% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.170). In conclusion, azvudine showed efficacy and safety in older patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron wave in China.