ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Huangqi Jianzhongtang （HQJZ） on macrophage polarization and fat consumption in cancer cachexia （CC） mice. MethodsUltra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS） was used to control the quality of HQJZ. （1） In vitro experiment： HQJZ-containing serum was prepared， and the optimal concentration was determined by cytotoxicity assay. Mouse monocyte-derived macrophages （RAW264.7） were cultured and randomly divided into six groups， including a blank group， a classically activated macrophages （M1） group， an alternatively activated macrophages （M2） group， a HQJZ + blank group， a HQJZ+M1 group， and a HQJZ + M2 group. The relative expression of macrophage marker genes CD86， inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）， CD206， and arginase-1 （Arg1） was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR ）. （2） In vivo experiment： Thirty-two BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a control group， a model group， a medroxyprogesterone acetate （MPA） group， and a HQJZ group. Except for the control group， the other mice were injected with CT-26 colon cancer cells to establish a CC model. Mice in the MPA and HQJZ groups were given MPA （0.13 g·kg^-1·d^-1） or HQJZ （13.13 g·kg^-1·d^-1） by gavage， respectively， while mice in the control and model groups were given an equal volume of saline by gavage， with interventions continued for 10 d. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of macrophage markers （iNOS， Arg1， CD86， CD206） and fat browning-related genes uncoupling protein 1 （UCP1） and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ） in epididymal adipose tissue. Western blot （WB） was used to detect protein expression levels of UCP1 and PPARγ. Micro-computed tomography （micro-CT） was used to measure residual fat volume， and hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to assess fat browning and calculate pathological scores. ResultsIn vitro， the dominant effective concentration of HQJZ-containing serum was 12.5%. Real-time PCR results showed that， compared with the blank group， Arg1 expression decreased in the HQJZ+blank group （P<0.05）， CD206 showed a downward trend without statistical significance， while iNOS and CD86 expression were significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with the M1 group， Arg1 and CD206 expression decreased in the HQJZ+M1 group （P<0.05）. Compared with the M2 group， CD206 expression decreased in the HQJZ+M2 group （P<0.05）， CD86 expression increased significantly （P<0.01）. In vivo， Real-time PCR results showed that， compared with the control group， CD86 and CD206 expression levels were significantly increased in the model group （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， CD206 expression in the MPA group was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. In the HQJZ group， CD206 was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. WB results showed that， compared with the model group， protein expression of UCP1 and PPARγ was significantly reduced in the HQJZ group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. micro-CT results showed that the total white fat volume in the HQJZ group was greater than that in the model group （P<0.05）. HE staining results showed that pathological scores in the HQJZ group were lower than those in the model group （P<0.05）. ConclusionHQJZ may inhibit white adipose tissue browning by promoting macrophage M1 polarization and suppressing M2 polarization， thereby delaying fat consumption in CC mice.

Uterine arteriovenous fistula (UAVF), a relatively rare vascular anomaly, may lead to life-threatening hemorrhage and poses diagnostic and management challenges for primary hospitals during initial encounters. This article reports four cases of UAVF treated with Drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol tablets at Department of Gynaecology, Zhuji Maternal and Child Health Hospital between 2023 and 2024. Combined with literature review, we systematically analyzed the etiological mechanisms, clinical characteristics, and diagnostic-therapeutic strategies of this condition, with particular focus on evaluating the efficacy and safety of conservative pharmacological management. By summarizing case features and individualized treatment protocols, this study aims to provide clinical references for early identification, accurate diagnosis, and rational intervention of UAVF, thereby reducing risks of massive hemorrhage and long-term complications while improving patient prognosis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression levels of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like recep-tor pyrin domain-associated protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome pathway and toll-like receptors(TLRs)pathway in serofast patients with syphilis infection,and their correlation with helper T lymphocytes(Th)1/Th2.METHODS A total of 549 patients with syphilis admitted to Tianjin Chest Hospital and Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from Jan.2021 to Dec.2022 were selected.Among them,62 patients who had not received anti-syphilis treatment were assigned to the syphilis group,238 patients whose serum remained positive after anti-syphilis treatment were selected as the fixed group,249 patients whose serum turned negative after anti-syphilis treatment were selected as the negative conversion group,and another 565 healthy people who underwent medical examina-tion in the hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.TLR2,TLR4,nuclear factor(NF)-κB,NLRP3,apoptosis-associated speck-like protein(ASC),cysteinyl aspartate proteolytic enzyme 1(Caspase-1),in-terleukin(IL)-1β mRNA and interferon-γ(IFN-γ),IL-12,IL-13 and IL-10 levels were compared between each group.Pearson's analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the mRNA expression of TLR2,TLR4,NF-κB,NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,and IL-1β and the levels of IFN-γ,IL-12,IL-13,and IL-10 in serologically fixed patients with syphilis.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the mRNA expression of TLR2,TLR4,NF-κB,NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1 and IL-1β was elevated in the negative conversion and the syphilis groups,and the expres-sion of the above indicators was decreased in the fixed group(P＜0.05).Compared with negative conversion group,mR-NA expressions of TLR2,TLR4,NF-κB,NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1 and IL-1β were increased in syphilis group,while the expression of the above indicators was decreased in fixed group(P＜0.05).Compared with fixed group,mRNA ex-pressions of TLR2,TLR4,NF-κB,NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1 and IL-1β in syphilis group were increased in the syphilis group(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,IFN-γ and IL-12 levels were decreased in the negative conversion group,syphilis group and fixed group,and IL-13 and IL-10 levels were increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the nega-tive conversion group,IFN-γ and IL-12 levels in the syphilis group and fixed group were decreased,while IL-13 and IL-10 levels were increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the fixed group,the levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 in syphilis group were increased,while the levels of IL-13 and IL-10 were decreased(P＜0.05).The mRNA levels of TLR2,TLR4,NF-κB,NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1 and IL-1β were positively correlated with the levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 in serum fixed patients with syphilis infection(r=0.698,0.602,0.636,0.702,0.645,0.617,0.583 and 0.669,and 0.693,0.641,0.702,0.623,0.618 and 0.647,respectively,all P＜0.05),and negatively correlated with the levels of IL-13 and IL-10(r=-0.639,-0.705,-0.614,-0.590,-0.598,-0.651 and-0.628,and-0.704,-0.649,-0.606,-0.655,-0.650,-0.641 and-0.539,respectively,all P＜0.05).CONCLUSION The NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and TLRs pathway are abnormally expressed in sero-fast patients with syphilis infection,positively correlated with the expression of Th1 cytokines IFN-γ and IL-12,and negatively correlated with the expression of Th2 cytokines IL-13 and IL-10.

Uterine arteriovenous fistula (UAVF), a relatively rare vascular anomaly, may lead to life-threatening hemorrhage and poses diagnostic and management challenges for primary hospitals during initial encounters. This article reports four cases of UAVF treated with Drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol tablets at Department of Gynaecology, Zhuji Maternal and Child Health Hospital between 2023 and 2024. Combined with literature review, we systematically analyzed the etiological mechanisms, clinical characteristics, and diagnostic-therapeutic strategies of this condition, with particular focus on evaluating the efficacy and safety of conservative pharmacological management. By summarizing case features and individualized treatment protocols, this study aims to provide clinical references for early identification, accurate diagnosis, and rational intervention of UAVF, thereby reducing risks of massive hemorrhage and long-term complications while improving patient prognosis.

Objective : To investigate the effect of chromosome instability(CIN) associated gene polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 7(GALNT7) on proliferation and apoptosis of HCT116 colon cancer cells. Methods : The HCT116 cell line withGALNT7knockdown was constructed by lentiviral infection. The correlation betweenGALNT7and CIN was verified by chromosome spread assay. The effect ofGALNT7on cell proliferation was detected by live cell counting, and the effect ofGALNT7on cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry and Western blot. Caspase-3 activity and Western blot assays were used to detect the effect ofGALNT7on apoptosis. Results : HCT116 cells showed a slower proliferation rate upon knocking down ofGALNT7, and exhibited a more scattered karyotype distribution and a phenotype of increased degree of CIN. Inhibition ofGALNT7in HCT116 cells resulted in cell cycle arrest, upregulation of P21 and downregulation of CDK6 protein levels, as well as increased levels of Caspase-3 activity, cleaved PARP1 and PUMA protein expression, and decreased levels of BCL-2 protein expression. Conclusion TheGALNT7gene may promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of HCT116 colon cancer cells through the suppression of CIN generation.

Objective:To systematically identify and summarize the best available evidence on feeding management during the peridischarge period for very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) and extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI), providing a reference for clinical nursing practice.Methods:Evidence on feeding management for VLBWI/ELBWI during the peridischarge period was retrieved from decision support systems, guideline repositories, major databases, and relevant professional organizations' websites. Sources included clinical decisions, guidelines, evidence summaries, systematic reviews, expert consensus documents and so on. The search spanned from database inception to April 2024. Guidelines were reviewed by four researchers, while other documents were screened and appraised by two researchers.Results:A total of 24 documents were included: six clinical decision tools, four guidelines, three systematic reviews, three evidence summaries, and eight expert consensus statements. A total of three primary themes, 10 secondary themes, and 49 best evidence items were synthesized. These covered: pre-discharge feeding management (establishing a peridischarge feeding team, parental feeding education, assessing feeding status of VLBWI/ELBWI, evaluating parental feeding competence, preparing feeding materials/environment and assessing community resources) ; discharge feeding management (providing feeding-related medical records and developing individualized feeding plans) ; post-discharge feeding management (setting growth and development goals, conducting follow-up and growth monitoring, and supplementing necessary nutrients) .Conclusions:The summarized best evidence provides a practical reference for healthcare professionals to effectively implement feeding management for VLBWI/ELBWI during the peridischarge period. Evidence-based strategies should be selectively applied in clinical practice based on individual conditions to ensure a successful transition to home feeding and support healthy growth and development of VLBWI/ELBWI.

The focus of green analytical chemistry(GAC)is to minimize the negative impacts of analytical pro-cedures on human safety,human health,and the environment.Several factors,such as the reagents used,sample collection,sample processing,instruments,energy consumed,and the quantities of hazardous materials and waste generated during analytical procedures,need to be considered in the evaluation of the greenness of analytical assays.In this study,we propose a greenness evaluation metric for analytical methods(GEMAM).The new greenness metric is simple,flexible,and comprehensive.The evaluation criteria are based on both the 12 principles of GAC(SIGNIFICANCE)and the 10 factors of sample prep-aration,and the results are presented on a 0-10 scale.The GEMAM calculation process is easy to perform,and its results are easy to interpret.The output of GEMAM is a pictogram that can provide both qualitative and quantitative information based on color and number.

Combined with elastic network model(ENM),the perturbation response scanning(PRS)has emerged as a robust technique for pinpointing allosteric interactions within proteins.Here,we proposed the PRS analysis of drug-target networks(DTNs),which could provide a promising avenue in network medicine.We demonstrated the utility of the method by introducing a deep learning and network perturbation-based framework,for drug repurposing of multiple sclerosis(MS).First,the MS comorbidity network was constructed by performing a random walk with restart algorithm based on shared genes between MS and other diseases as seed nodes.Then,based on topological analysis and functional annotation,the neurotransmission module was identified as the"therapeutic module"of MS.Further,perturbation scores of drugs on the module were calculated by constructing the DTN and introducing the PRS analysis,giving a list of repurposable drugs for MS.Mechanism of action analysis both at pathway and structural levels screened dihydroergocristine as a candidate drug of MS by targeting a serotonin receptor of se-rotonin 2B receptor(HTR2B).Finally,we established a cuprizone-induced chronic mouse model to evaluate the alteration of HTR2B in mouse brain regions and observed that HTR2B was significantly reduced in the cuprizone-induced mouse cortex.These findings proved that the network perturbation modeling is a promising avenue for drug repurposing of MS.As a useful systematic method,our approach can also be used to discover the new molecular mechanism and provide effective candidate drugs for other complex diseases.

Combined with elastic network model (ENM), the perturbation response scanning (PRS) has emerged as a robust technique for pinpointing allosteric interactions within proteins. Here, we proposed the PRS analysis of drug-target networks (DTNs), which could provide a promising avenue in network medicine. We demonstrated the utility of the method by introducing a deep learning and network perturbation-based framework, for drug repurposing of multiple sclerosis (MS). First, the MS comorbidity network was constructed by performing a random walk with restart algorithm based on shared genes between MS and other diseases as seed nodes. Then, based on topological analysis and functional annotation, the neurotransmission module was identified as the "therapeutic module" of MS. Further, perturbation scores of drugs on the module were calculated by constructing the DTN and introducing the PRS analysis, giving a list of repurposable drugs for MS. Mechanism of action analysis both at pathway and structural levels screened dihydroergocristine as a candidate drug of MS by targeting a serotonin receptor of serotonin 2B receptor (HTR2B). Finally, we established a cuprizone-induced chronic mouse model to evaluate the alteration of HTR2B in mouse brain regions and observed that HTR2B was significantly reduced in the cuprizone-induced mouse cortex. These findings proved that the network perturbation modeling is a promising avenue for drug repurposing of MS. As a useful systematic method, our approach can also be used to discover the new molecular mechanism and provide effective candidate drugs for other complex diseases.

The focus of green analytical chemistry (GAC) is to minimize the negative impacts of analytical procedures on human safety, human health, and the environment. Several factors, such as the reagents used, sample collection, sample processing, instruments, energy consumed, and the quantities of hazardous materials and waste generated during analytical procedures, need to be considered in the evaluation of the greenness of analytical assays. In this study, we propose a greenness evaluation metric for analytical methods (GEMAM). The new greenness metric is simple, flexible, and comprehensive. The evaluation criteria are based on both the 12 principles of GAC (SIGNIFICANCE) and the 10 factors of sample preparation, and the results are presented on a 0-10 scale. The GEMAM calculation process is easy to perform, and its results are easy to interpret. The output of GEMAM is a pictogram that can provide both qualitative and quantitative information based on color and number.