OBJECTIVE:Disorders in iron metabolism increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Hepcidin play an important role in maintaining iron homeostasis in the body,but its level increases with increased inflammation.Changes in hepcidin and iron homeostasis and the extent of their association with inflammation in people with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus are unknown.Meta-analysis was used to evaluate the effect of inflammation on serum hepcidin and iron metabolism related parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS:CNKI,PubMed,Web of Science and EBSCOhost databases were searched by computer to collect observational studies related to inflammatory index and hepcidin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.The search time was from September 1,2000 to September 30,2024.Three researchers independently screened the literature,extracted data and evaluated the quality of the included literature.Meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3,Stata 17.0 and GraphPad Prism 8.0.2 software.RESULTS:A total of 15 articles(17 studies)involving 3 159 participants,including 1 357 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,were included.Meta-analysis results showed that compared with the control group,patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had higher levels of serum hepcidin[standardized mean difference(SMD)=0.35,95％confidence interval(CI)(0.05,0.65),P＜0.05],serum ferritin(SMD=0.49,95％CI(0.21,0.78),P＜0.01)and serum transferrin(SMD=0.19,95％CI(0.00,0.37),P＜0.05).Subgroup analysis results indicated that inflammation had a significant effect on serum hepcidin(SMD=0.76,95％CI(0.17,1.34),P＜0.05)and serum ferritin(SMD=0.77,95％CI(0.06,1.47),P＜0.05)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.CONCLUSION:Hepcidin concentration is positively correlated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Inflammation is one of the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Early prevention of inflammation has certain significance in preventing iron metabolism disorder in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Qiwei dongqingye powder （QDP） on bronchial asthma in mice. METHODS The mice were divided into blank group （normal saline）， model group （normal saline）， dexamethasone group （2 mg/kg）， and QDP low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （200， 400， 800 mg/kg）， with 14 mice in each group. Except for the blank group， mice in all other groups were given ovalbumin via intraperitoneal injection followed by aerosol inhalation to induce a bronchial asthma model. During the modeling process， mice in each group were administered corresponding drug solutions or normal saline intragastrically/intraperitoneally. After the last medication， the number of cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） of the mice was observed and counted； the pathological changes of the bronchus and lung tissue were observed； the levels of malondialdehyde （MDA）， nitric oxide （NO）， total superoxide dismutase （T-SOD）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in the lung tissue of the mice were determined， and the level of interleukin-17 （IL-17） in the BALF and serum was determined. Transcriptomics was employed to predict and validate the mechanism of action of QDP against bronchial asthma. RESULTS Compared with the model group， the total cell count， neutrophil count， lymphocyte count， and macrophage counts in the BALF of the QDP high-dose group were all significantly reduced （ P ＜0.05）； the levels of MDA and NO in the lung tissue， and the levels of IL-17 in the BALF and serum were all decreased significantly （ P ＜0.05）； the levels of T-SOD and GSH-Px were significantly increased （ P ＜0.05）； the arrangement of lung tissue cells tended to normalize， with reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and decreased exfoliation of bronchial simple columnar epithelial cells. The transcriptomic results revealed that the differentially expressed genes were B-cell receptor signaling pathway， nuclear factor κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway， ferroptosis signaling pathway， and others. Further validation revealed that， compared with the model group， the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and chemokine ligand 20， as well as the phosphorylation level of NF-κB inhibitor protein α， were significantly decreased in the lung tissues of the mice in all QDP groups （ P ＜0.05）. Conversely， the protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） and heme oxygenase 1 （HO-1） were significantly increased （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS QDP can effectively alleviate bronchial asthma by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway， activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway， regulating oxidative stress， and reducing inflammatory responses.

OBJECTIVE:Disorders in iron metabolism increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Hepcidin play an important role in maintaining iron homeostasis in the body,but its level increases with increased inflammation.Changes in hepcidin and iron homeostasis and the extent of their association with inflammation in people with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus are unknown.Meta-analysis was used to evaluate the effect of inflammation on serum hepcidin and iron metabolism related parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS:CNKI,PubMed,Web of Science and EBSCOhost databases were searched by computer to collect observational studies related to inflammatory index and hepcidin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.The search time was from September 1,2000 to September 30,2024.Three researchers independently screened the literature,extracted data and evaluated the quality of the included literature.Meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3,Stata 17.0 and GraphPad Prism 8.0.2 software.RESULTS:A total of 15 articles(17 studies)involving 3 159 participants,including 1 357 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,were included.Meta-analysis results showed that compared with the control group,patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had higher levels of serum hepcidin[standardized mean difference(SMD)=0.35,95％confidence interval(CI)(0.05,0.65),P＜0.05],serum ferritin(SMD=0.49,95％CI(0.21,0.78),P＜0.01)and serum transferrin(SMD=0.19,95％CI(0.00,0.37),P＜0.05).Subgroup analysis results indicated that inflammation had a significant effect on serum hepcidin(SMD=0.76,95％CI(0.17,1.34),P＜0.05)and serum ferritin(SMD=0.77,95％CI(0.06,1.47),P＜0.05)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.CONCLUSION:Hepcidin concentration is positively correlated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Inflammation is one of the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Early prevention of inflammation has certain significance in preventing iron metabolism disorder in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Piezo1 is a Ca²⁺-permeable mechanosensitive ion channel that plays a central role in mechanosensing and signal transduction in dental and periodontal tissues. In tooth tissue, Piezo1 is a key factor mediating dentin sensitive pain. The flow of dentinal tubule fluid induced by external stimulation can activate the Piezo1 channel on odontoblasts, triggering neuronal signals through the pannexin-1-purinergic 2X3 receptor (PANX-1-P2X3) receptor axis, resulting in pain perception. In addition, Piezo1 has a dual regulatory role in the process of pulp inflammation and repair : on the one hand, its expression is up-regulated in an inflammatory environment, which may aggravate pain sensitivity ; on the other hand, it activates the migration, proliferation and odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells by mediating Ca²⁺influx, ATP release and downstream purinergic 2X7 receptor (P2X7R), MEK / ERK signaling pathways, thereby promoting reparative dentin formation. In periodontal tissue, Piezo1 plays a central role in maintaining periodontal tissue homeostasis and regulating alveolar bone remodeling by sensing mechanical stimuli such as bite force. During orthodontic tooth movement, Piezo1 promotes osteogenic differentiation by activating Wnt / Ca²⁺, Notch and other pathways on the tension side. It affects osteoclast activity by regulating receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) balance on the pressure side. At the same time, Piezo1 is also a key regulator of periodontal immune microenvironment. It is expressed in immune cells such as macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells. Its activation can promote the polarization of macrophages to pro-inflammatory M1 type, enhance the release of pro-inflammatory factors and matrix metalloproteinases, and thus aggravate the inflammatory destruction of periodontal tissue.In view of its multiple functions, Piezo1 has become a potential therapeutic target, including local or systemic application of its inhibitors, mechanical intervention, physical therapy, gene therapy and stem cell therapy, showing a broad clinical transformation prospect in the treatment of oral diseases. In this paper, the structural characteristics, signal transduction mechanism of Piezo1 and its expression distribution, function and regulatory network in tooth tissue and periodontal tissue are reviewed, so as to provide ideas for the development of oral disease treatment strategies targeting Piezo1.

Objective: To investigate the current prevalence of myopia and the progression of the axial length/corneal radius ratio(AL/CR) among primary school students in Jing an District, Shanghai, and to analyze the value of dynamic AL/CR monitoring and elucidate its longitudinal association with myopia progression, so as to provide evidences for supporting myopia prevention and control interventions. Methods: From 2019 to 2023, by using a stratified cluster random sampling method, 17 624 students from two primary schools in Jing an District, Shanghai were selected for annual vision screenings in five consecutive years. Additionally, a retrospective cohort of 480 eligible first grade students identified in 2019 was followed up until 2023. The analysis focused on the myopia prevalence and the trend in the AL/CR. Differences in screening myopia rates across different student groups from 2019 to 2023 were compared using the Chi square test. The trends in myopia rates were analyzed using the Chi square trend test. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was employed to compare AL/CR and its annual increment across groups. A linear mixed effects model was used to identify factors influencing AL/CR, and a time dependent Cox regression model was developed to predict the risk of myopia onset. Results: From 2019 to 2023, the screening myopia rates were 36.65%, 38.31%, 40.47%, 39.56%, and 39.76% for each respective year. Cohort analyses revealed Grade 5 girls had significantly greater AL/CR increments than boys ( Z =-2.05, P <0.05). Linear mixed models identified baseline AL/CR ( β =1.051, 95% CI =1.012-1.091), grade level ( β =0.040, 95% CI =0.038- 0.042 ), and first year AL/CR increment ( β =0.788, 95% CI =0.733-0.843) as primary determinants (all P <0.01). Boys showed slower AL/CR progression than girls ( β =-0.003, 95% CI =-0.005 to-0.001, P <0.01). The time dependent Cox model demonstrated that both baseline AL/CR ( Z =3.40) and its time varying effect ( Z =10.41) significantly predicted myopia risk(both P <0.01). The effect of AL/CR on myopia risk significantly increased with follow up time, and the growth rate exceeded a linear progression pattern. Conclusions AL/CR progression is primarily driven by baseline values and grade advancement, with slower progression in boys. Dynamic AL/CR monitoring outperforms baseline measurements in predicting myopia progression. Students with rapid AL/CR increments require early intervention.

INTRODUCTION: Lecanemab has shown promise in treating early Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its safety and efficacy in Chinese populations remain unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and 6-month clinical outcomes of lecanemab in Chinese patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild AD. METHODS: In this single-arm, real-world study, participants with MCI due to AD or mild AD received biweekly intravenous lecanemab (10 mg/kg). The study was conducted at Hainan Branch, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Patient enrollment and baseline assessments commenced in November 2023. Safety assessments included monitoring for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) and other adverse events. Clinical and biomarker changes from baseline to 6 months were evaluated using cognitive scales (mini-mental state examination [MMSE], montreal cognitive assessment [MoCA], clinical dementia rating-sum of boxes [CDR-SB]), plasma biomarker analysis, and advanced neuroimaging. RESULTS: A total of 64 patients were enrolled in this ongoing real-world study. Safety analysis revealed predominantly mild adverse events, with infusion-related reactions (20.3%, 13/64) being the most common. Of these, 69.2% (9/13) occurred during the initial infusion and 84.6% (11/13) did not recur. ARIA-H (microhemorrhages/superficial siderosis) and ARIA-E (edema/effusion) were observed in 9.4% (6/64) and 3.1% (2/64) of participants, respectively, with only two symptomatic cases (one ARIA-E presenting with headache and one ARIA-H with visual disturbances). After 6 months of treatment, cognitive scores remained stable compared to baseline (MMSE: 22.33 ± 5.58 vs . 21.27 ± 4.30, P = 0.733; MoCA: 16.38 ± 6.67 vs . 15.90 ± 4.78, P = 0.785; CDR-SB: 2.30 ± 1.65 vs . 3.16 ± 1.72, P = 0.357), while significantly increasing plasma amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42) (+21.42%) and Aβ40 (+23.53%) levels compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Lecanemab demonstrated a favorable safety profile in Chinese patients with early AD. Cognitive stability and biomarker changes over 6 months suggest potential efficacy, though high dropout rates and absence of a control group warrant cautious interpretation. These findings provide preliminary real-world evidence for lecanemab's use in China, supporting further investigation in larger controlled studies. REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT07034222.
Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy* ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Cognitive Dysfunction/drug therapy* ; Aged, 80 and over ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism* ; Biomarkers ; East Asian People

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role and mechanism of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase/stimulator of interferon gene (cGAS/STING) pathway in oleic acid-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. METHODS: Male wild-type C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups (each n = 10): normal control group, ALI model group, and 5, 50, 500 μg/kg inhibitor pretreatment groups. The ALI model was established by tail vein injection of oleic acid (7 mL/kg), while the normal control group received no intervention. The inhibitor pretreatment groups were intraperitoneally injected with the corresponding doses of cGAS inhibitor RU.521 respectively 1 hour before modeling. At 24 hours post-modeling, blood was collected, and mice were sacrificed. Lung tissue pathological changes were observed under light microscopy after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and pathological scores were assessed. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of cGAS, STING, phosphorylated TANK-binding kinase 1 (p-TBK1), phosphorylated interferon regulatory factor 3 (p-IRF3), and phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65) in lung tissue. Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe STING and p-NF-κB positive expressions in lung tissue. Serum interferon-β (IFN-β) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, the ALI model group exhibited significant focal alveolar thickening, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, pulmonary capillary congestion, and neutrophil infiltration in the pulmonary interstitium and alveoli, along with markedly increased pathological scores (10.33±0.58 vs. 1.33±0.58, P < 0.05). Protein expressions of cGAS, STING, p-TBK1, p-IRF3, and p-NF-κB p65 in lung tissue significantly increased [cGAS protein (cGAS/β-actin): 1.24±0.02 vs. 0.56±0.02, STING protein (STING/β-actin): 1.27±0.01 vs. 0.55±0.01, p-TBK1 protin (p-TBK1/β-actin): 1.34±0.03 vs. 0.22±0.01, p-IRF3 protein (p-IRF3/β-actin): 1.23±0.02 vs. 0.36±0.01, p-NF-κB p65 protein (p-NF-κB p65/β-actin): 1.30±0.02 vs. 0.53±0.02, all P < 0.05], positive expressions of STING and p-NF-κB in lung tissue were significantly elevated [STING (A value): 0.51±0.03 vs. 0.30±0.07, p-NF-κB (A value): 0.57±0.05 vs. 0.31±0.03, both P < 0.05], and serum IFN-β levels were also significantly higher (ng/L: 256.02±3.84 vs. 64.15±1.17, P < 0.05). The cGAS inhibitor pretreatment groups showed restored alveolar structural integrity, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, and decreased hemorrhage area, along with dose-dependent lower pathological scores as well as the protein expressions of cGAS, STING, p-TBK1, p-IRF3 and p-NF-κB p65 in lung tissue, with significant differences between the 500 μg/kg inhibitor group and ALI model group [pathological score: 2.67±0.58 vs. 10.33±0.58, cGAS protein (cGAS/β-actin): 0.56±0.03 vs. 1.24±0.02, STING protein (STING/β-actin): 0.67±0.03 vs. 1.27±0.01, p-TBK1 protein (p-TBK1/β-actin): 0.28±0.01 vs. 1.34±0.03, p-IRF3 protein (p-IRF3/β-actin): 0.32±0.01 vs. 1.23±0.02, p-NF-κB p65 protein (p-NF-κB p65/β-actin): 0.63±0.01 vs. 1.30±0.02, all P < 0.05]. Compared with the ALI model group, positive expressions of STING and p-NF-κB in lung tissue were significantly reduced in the 500 μg/kg inhibitor group [STING (A value): 0.40±0.01 vs. 0.51±0.03, p-NF-κB (A value): 0.43±0.02 vs. 0.57±0.05, both P < 0.05], and serum IFN-β levels were also markedly reduced (ng/L: 150.03±6.19 vs. 256.02±3.84, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The cGAS/STING pathway is activated in oleic acid-induced ALI, leading to exacerbated inflammatory responses and increased lung damage. RU.521 can inhibit cGAS, thereby down-regulating the expression of pathway proteins and cytokines, and providing protection to lung tissue.
Animals ; Acute Lung Injury/chemically induced* ; Male ; Nucleotidyltransferases/metabolism* ; Mice ; Signal Transduction ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism* ; Oleic Acid/adverse effects* ; Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism* ; Lung/pathology* ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/metabolism* ; Disease Models, Animal

Objective : To investigate the factors affecting the outcome of high-risk human papillomavirus ( HR- HPV) infection in patients with normal cervix examined by colposcopy in Hefei area and the relationship between persistent HR-HPV infection and cervical cytology． Methods : Data of colposcopy patients were collected from 478 HR-HPV infected patients with normal cervix through colposcopy．Their age，number of sexual partners，contracep- tive methods and other relevant basic information were recorded．Vaginal interferon use，HR-HPV infection at year 1 and year 2，and cervical liquid-based cytology test ( LCT) results were tracked，univariate and multivariate ana- lyses were performed based on basic information，and ROC curves were plotted． Results : The HR-HPV clearance rate at 1 year was 59. 41% ，and the clearance rate at 2 years was 66. 75%．The other 12 types of infection ( 31， 33，35，39，45，51，52，56，58，59，66，68) were more common than the 16 and 18 types．Univariate and mult- ivariate analyses showed that age＞50 years，number of sexual partners ≥2，and history of cervical conectomy in- creased the risk of persistent HR-HPV infection ( χge = 21. 676，P ＜0. 001; χumber of sexual partners = 8. 262，P =0. 004; χistory of cervical conectomy = 11. 267，P = 0. 001 ) ． The risk of HR-HPV infection was significantly lower when condom or vaginal interferon was used ( χondom use = 10. 885，P = 0. 001; χnterferon use = 4. 099，P = 0. 043) ．The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of combined diagnosis of HR-HPV persistent infection was higher than that of single diagnosis，and the AUC of combined diagnosis was 0. 737．Persistent HR-HPV infection was an independent risk factor for abnormal LCT，and the AUC predicted by the model was 0. 755．No cancer was found in patients with persistent HR-HPV infection for 2 years，and the proportion of abnormal LCT was higher than that in patients with negative HR-HPV．The difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 39. 64，P＜0. 001) ． Conclusion The combined ROC model constructed for patients＞50 years old，with multiple sexual partners，history of cervical surgery， no vaginal interferon use，and no condom use has certain value in predicting persistent HR-HPV infection，and per- sistent HR-HPV infection has predictive value in predicting LCT abnormalities．

Objective:To discuss the effect of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)DUXAP8 in exosomes(Exo)derived from the lung cancer A549 cells on the growth and immune escape of the lung cancer cells,and to clarify the mechanism.Methods:The human lung cancer cell line A549 was cultured,and its exosomes were extracted and identified.The A549 cells were treated with PKH67-labeled Exo to observe the uptake of Exo by A549 cells.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method was used to detect the expression level of lncRNA DUXAP8 in A549 cells before and after Exo treatment.The A549 cells were divided into control group(no treatment),Exo group(A549 cells treated with Exo),Exo+sh-NC group(A549 cells treated with Exo and then transfected with sh-NC),and Exo+sh-DUXAP8 group(A549 cells treated with Exo and then transfected with sh-DUXAP8).RT-qPCR method was used to detect the expression level of lncRNA DUXAP8 in A549 cells in various groups;colony formation assay was used to detect the colony formation abilities of the A549 cells in various groups;5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine(EdU)staining method was used to detect the proliferation abilities of the A549 cells in various groups.After co-culturing A549 cells in various groups with human peripheral blood lymphocytes,flow cytometry was used to detect the percentages of activated CD8+T lymphocytes in the human peripheral blood lymphocytes in various groups;3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)method was used to detect the killing rates of human peripheral blood lymphocytes on the A549 cells in various groups.Results:The diameter of Exo vesicles was 50-150 nm,and the exosome-specific marker proteins cluster of differentiation 63(CD63),cluster of differentiation 9(CD9),tumor susceptibility gene 101(TSG101),and heat shock protein 70(HSP70)were positively expressed,indicating successful exosome extraction.A549 cells efficiently took up PKH67-labeled Exo.The RT-PCR results showed that compared with A549 cells cultured alone,the expression level of lncRNA DUXAP8 in the A549 cells was increased after treatment with Exo derived from A549 cells(P<0.05).compared with control group,the expression level of lncRNA DUXAP8 in the A549 cells in Exo group was increased(P<0.05);compared with Exo group,the expression level of lncRNA DUXAP8 in the A549 cells in Exo+sh-DUXAP8 group was decreased(P<0.05),while there were no significant difference in the expression level of IncRNA DUXAP8 in the cells in Exo+sh-NC group(P>0.05).The colony formation assay results showed that compared with control group,the number of colony formation of the A549 cells in Exo group was increased(P<0.05);compared with Exo group,the number of colony formation of the A549 cells in Exo+sh-DUXAP8 group was decreased(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference in the number of colony formation of the A549 cells in Exo+sh-NC group(P>0.05).The EdU staining results showed that compared with control group,the EdU-positive rate of the A549 cells in Exo group was increased(P<0.05);compared with Exo group,the EdU-positive rate in A549 cells in Exo+sh-DUXAP8 group was decreased(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference in the EDU-positive rate in the cells in Exo+sh-NC group(P>0.05).The flow cytometry results showed that compared with control group,the percentage of activated CD8+T lymphocytes in the human peripheral blood lymphocytes in Exo group was decreased(P<0.05);compared with Exo group,the percentage of activated CD8+T lymphocytes in the human peripheral blood lymphocytes in Exo+sh-DUXAP8 group was increased(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference in the percentage of activated CD8+T lymphaytes in Exo+sh-NC group(P>0.05).The MTT assay results showed that compared with control group,the killing rate of human peripheral blood lymphocytes on the A549 cells in Exo group was decreased(P<0.05);compared with Exo group,the killing rate of human peripheral blood lymphocytes on A549 cells in Exo+sh-DUXAP8 group was increased(P<0.05),while no significant difference was observed in Exo+sh-NC group(P>0.05).Conclusion:The lncRNA DUXAP8 in exosomes derived from the lung cancer A549 cells promotes the proliferation of lung cancer cells and tumor immune escape.

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of intratympanic injection of ganglioside in patients with refractory sudden deafness. Methods:A total of 120 patients with sudden deafness, aged 18-65 years, whose onset was within 11-42 days, failed to respond to conventional treatment, and had an average hearing threshold（500-4 000 Hz）>60 dB were selected. They were prospectively and randomly divided into a control group of 61 cases and an experimental group of 59 cases. The control group was treated according to the recommended protocol of the Chinese Medical Association（postauricular injection of methylprednisolone）, while the experimental group was treated with intratympanic injection of monosialotetrahexosylganglioside sodium+postauricular injection of methylprednisolone. Both groups were simultaneously administered oral ginkgo biloba extract and citicoline tablets. Hearing was re-examined two weeks after the completion of treatment, and the therapeutic effects of the two different treatment methods were compared and analyzed. Results:The effective rate was 29.51% in the control group and 54.24% in the experimental group（P<0.01）. The average hearing threshold improved by 11.57 dB HL in the control group and 22.50 dB HL in the experimental group（P<0.05）. Conclusion:The combination of postauricular injection of methylprednisolone and intratympanic injection of ganglioside is more effective than postauricular injection of methylprednisolone alone in the treatment of refractory sudden deafness. The earlier the treatment, the better the therapeutic effect.
Humans ; Middle Aged ; Hearing Loss, Sudden/drug therapy* ; Adult ; Prospective Studies ; Young Adult ; Aged ; Adolescent ; Male ; Female ; Injection, Intratympanic ; Gangliosides/administration & dosage* ; Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use* ; Treatment Outcome