OBJECTIVES: We propose a sparse-view cone-beam CT reconstruction algorithm based on bidirectional flow field guided projection completion (BBC-Recon) to solve the ill-posed inverse problem in sparse-view cone-beam CT imaging. METHODS: The BBC-Recon method consists of two main modules: the projection completion module and the image restoration module. Based on flow field estimation, the projection completion module, through the designed bidirectional and multi-scale correlators, fully calculates the correlation information and redundant information among projections to precisely guide the generation of bidirectional flow fields and missing frames, thus achieving high-precision completion of missing projections and obtaining pseudo complete projections. The image restoration module reconstructs the obtained pseudo complete projections and then refines the image to remove the residual artifacts and further improve the image quality. RESULTS: The experimental results on the public datasets of Mayo Clinic and Guilin Medical University showed that in the case of a 4-fold sparse angle, compared with the suboptimal method, the BBC-Recon method increased the PSNR index by 1.80% and the SSIM index by 0.29%, and reduced the RMSE index by 4.12%; In the case of an 8-fold sparse angle, the BBC-Recon method increased the PSNR index by 1.43% and the SSIM index by 1.49%, and reduced the RMSE index by 0.77%. CONCLUSIONS The BBC-Recon algorithm fully exploits the correlation information between projections to allow effective removal of streak artifacts while preserving image structure information, and demonstrates significant advantages in maintaining inter-slice consistency.
Algorithms ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods* ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Humans

Objective:To analyze the clinical features, prognosis and risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 associated acute pancreatitis (SAAP), and provide a basis for early prevention and treatment of SAAP.Methods:Patients with coronavirus disease 19 infection (COVID-19) admitted to Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from December 1, 2022 to January 31, 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical characteristics such as age, gender and other data were recorded, and the indexes of blood routine, liver and kidney function, inflammatory factor, coagulation function, blood gas analysis, immunoglobulin and complement were collected after admission. Patients were divided into pancreatic injury group and non-pancreatic injury group according to the level of serum amylase/lipase. The difference of prognosis and related hematological parameters between the two groups was compared. Multifactorial logistic regression equation was constructed to analyze the risk factors of SAAP.Results:A total of 2 101 patients with COVID-19 who met the criteria were included, including 298 patients in the pancreatic injury group and 1 803 patients in the non-pancreatic injury group. 17 cases (5.7%) in the pancreatic injury group met the diagnostic criteria for AP. The age, male percentage and mortality rate of the pancreatic injury group were all significantly higher than those of the non-pancreatic injury group (all P<0.05). In the pancreatic injury group, white blood cell count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein (CRP), calcitoninogen, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, inflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor, liver and kidney functions, coagulation (D-dimer and plasma fibrinogen degradation products), and lactate level were significantly higher than those in the non-pancreatic injury group (all P<0.05). Serum complement C3, albumin, albumin globule ratio and arterial oxygenation index were lower in the pancreatic injury group (all P<0.05). Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, CRP, calcitoninogen, total bilirubin, creatinine, PaO 2, PaO 2/FiO 2 and lactate were independent risk factors for the occurrence of pancreatic injury in patients with COVID-19 (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Inflammation-related markers, D-dimer and fibrinogen degradation products were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients comorbid with pancreatic injury than in the patients without pancreatic injury. The risk of SAAP was significantly higher in male patients of senior age. Sex, age, CRP, calcitoninogen, total bilirubin, creatinine, oxygenation index, and lactic acid were independent risk factors for the onset of pancreatic injury in COVID-19 patients.

The Xuming Decoction, which is recorded in the "Gu Jin Lu Yan" section of Zhang Zhongjing's Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, is a traditional Chinese medicine formula. Recent literature review and summary of the clinical application research progress have found that this formula is primarily used to treat diseases such as acute cerebral infarction, facial neuritis, multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and pulmonary distension. However, different medical practitioners and scholars hold diverse understandings of Xuming Decoction.

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of acute respiratory infections in children under 12 years old in Pudong New Area， Shanghai from 2019 to 2023. MethodsAcute respiratory infection samples of children under 12 years old from three sentinel hospitals in Pudong New Area， Shanghai from 2019 to 2023 were collected， and 42 respiratory infection pathogens， including influenza virus， adenovirus， parainfluenza virus， respiratory syncytial virus， human enterovirus/rhinovirus， human pulmonary virus， human bokavirus， coronavirus （229E， HKU1， NL63 and OC43）， and novel coronavirus， were detected with microfluidic chips. The situation of acute respiratory infections among outpatient and inpatient children in this area was analyzed for the before the implementation of non pharmacological intervention measures （2019.12‒2020.1）， during the period of non pharmacological intervention measures （2020.2‒2022.12）， and after non pharmacological intervention measures （2023.1‒2023.6）. ResultsFrom 2019 to 2023， a total of 1 770 samples were collected， and 445 pathogens were detected， with a detection rate of 25.14% （445/1 770）. The main pathogens detected during the study period were influenza virus： 8.70% （154/1 770）， respiratory syncytial virus： 4.41% （78/1 770）， human enterovirus/rhinovirus： 2.66% （47/1 770）， human adenovirus： 2.49% （44/1 770）， and parainfluenza virus： 2.20% （39/1 770）. Before the implementation of non pharmacological intervention measures， outpatients were primarily infected with influenza， parainfluenza virus， and respiratory syncytial virus， with detection rates of 8.09%， 4.49%， and 4.04%， respectively； inpatients were mainly infected with influenza， respiratory syncytial virus， and parainfluenza virus， with detection rates of 4.49%， 3.82%， and 3.15%， respectively. During the period of non pharmacological intervention measures， influenza， rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus were the main viruses detected in the samples of outpatient children， with detection rates of 4.04%， 3.60%， and 2.47%， respectively； inpatient samples mainly detected respiratory syncytial virus， rhinovirus， and influenza virus， with detection rates of 3.60%， 2.02%， and 1.80%， respectively. After non pharmacological intervention measures， influenza， rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus were the main pathogens detected in the outpatients， with detection rates of 9.89%， 2.92% and 2.02%， respectively； influenza， respiratory syncytial virus， and rhinovirus were the main pathogens detected in inpatient children， with detection rates of 6.29%， 1.57%， and 1.35%， respectively. ConclusionThe prevalence of pathogens related to acute respiratory infections in children is influenced by non pharmacological preventive measures.

Objective:To observe and analyze the clinical and imaging features of eyes with cystoid macular degeneration (CMD) secondary to chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC).Methods:A retrospective clinical study. From February 2018 to June 2023, 9 patients of 15 eyes with cCSC secondary CMD diagnosed by ophthalmology examination in Yunnan University Affiliated Hospital were included in the study. All patients were male. The age was (53.67±3.83) years. The cases of binocular and monocular were 6 and 3 respectively. The visual acuity of the affected eye ranges from 0.02 to 0.1, which cannot be corrected. Visual acuity decreased and the duration of shadow occlusion was >1 year. Half dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) was performed on 8 eyes. All the patients underwent the best corrected visual acuity, posterior mydriatic fundus color photography, infrared fundus photography (IR), fundus autofluorescence (AF), fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and multi-wavelength dazzling imaging (MC). The patients who received half dose PDT were followed up until 3 months after treatment. Patients who did not receive treatment were followed up to 2 years after the first diagnosis.Results:The light reflection in macular area decreased or disappeared in all eyes, and abnormal macular pigmentation was observed in 12 eyes. IR examination showed diffuse patchy weak fluorescence in the macular area in all affected eyes, and dotted strong fluorescence in the periphery. Fundus AF examination showed disc-like weak AF in the macular area, and scattered small amounts of strong AF in the middle and margins, among which the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy trace in the macular area was observed in 7 eyes. By MC examination, the green signal in the macular area of the posterior pole of all affected eyes was uneven and mottled. FFA examination showed that no abnormal fluorescein leakage was observed in 15 eyes and 8 eyes showed strong fluorescence caused by diffuse permeation fluorescence. A small amount of active fluorescein was found in 7 eyes. OCT examination showed that there were several cystic cavities of different sizes in all the affected eyes, RPE atrophied to different degrees, and RPE cell compensatory ridges and tubular structures in the outer retina were seen in 6 eyes; 7 eyes with CMD and active leakage showed signs of subcortical fluid accumulation. Choroidal hypertrophy was seen in all affected eyes, with significant expansion of the great vascular layer and compression of the middle vascular layer and capillary layer. In 8 eyes treated with half-dose PDT, 6 eyes were ineffective at 3 months after treatment. The treatment was effective in 2 eyes. In 7 eyes that did not receive half-dose PDT, CMD structure did not improve significantly after 2 years of follow-up. The visual acuity decreased with the prolongation of the disease.Conclusions:CMD is more common in cCSC with a long course of disease, which has significant effects on vision and poor prognosis. Fundus color photography shows that the reflection in the macular area of the pole is weakened or disappeared, which may be combined with macular abnormal pigmentation. IR and AF examination show uneven fluorescence in macular area. The green signal in macular area is not uniform according to MC inspection. FFA shows strong fluorescence caused by diffuse permeable fluorescence and fluorescein leakage in active lesions. OCT examination shows that multiple small sacs or connections between sacs were broken and fused, and RPE atrophied to varying degrees.

Objective:To observe the clinical features of collateral circulation in different types of retinal vein occlusion.Methods:A retrospective clinical study. A total of 360 patients with monocular retinal vein occlusion diagnosed by ophthalmic examination in Department of Ophthalmology of Yunnan University Affiliated Hospital from December 2021 to December 2023 were included in the study. Among them, 157 males had 157 eyes and 203 females had 203 eyes. Age were (61.0±5.9) years. The duration of the disease from the onset of symptoms to the time of treatment was 3 days to 6 months. Macular branch vein occlusion (MBRVO), retinal branch vein occlusion (BRVO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) were observed in 67, 187 and 106 eyes, respectively. 210 eyes were with macular edema. All patients with macular edema were treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by intravitreal injection. All eyes were examined by scanning source optical coherence tomography. The incidence, location, morphological characteristics, formation time of retinal collateral circulation and the effect of anti-VEGF drug on the formation of collateral circulation were observed. A short circuit in which blood vessels originating from the optic disc in the form of a blood loop return to the optic disc after the disc has been deformed for some time is defined as a short-circuited collateral circulation of the ciliary vessels of the optic disc.Results:After 1 week of disease course, MBRVO and collateral circulation of BRVO affected eye were established. By 1 to 2 months, a relatively abundant and stable collateral circulation had been established. In the course of 2 to 3 months, the short-circuit collateral circulation of ciliary vessels in the optic disc of the affected eye gradually formed. At 6 months, collateral circulation was established in 36 eyes (53.7%, 36/67) in 67 MBRVO patients. Collateral circulation was observed in 187 eyes of BRVO patients (100.0%, 187/187). In 106 eyes with CRVO, collateral circulation was established in 29 eyes (18.1%, 29/106). In 36 eyes with MBRVO, collateral circulation was established at the vertical horizontal slit between the blocked area and the non-blocked area. In 187 eyes of BRVO patients, collateral circulation was established in the vertical horizontal slit between the blocked and non-blocked areas in 102 eyes; 54 eyes were blocked the most central bypass to the collateral circulation on normal blood vessels. The collateral circulation of 19 eyes was established through nasal and temporal side. Collateral circulation through the fovea was established in 12 eyes. Its morphology is straight out of shape, spiral sinuous and flower cluster. CRVO established collateral circulation in 29 eyes, all of which had short-circuit collateral circulation of ciliary vessels. In 210 eyes treated with anti-VEGF drugs, collateral circulation was established in 160 eyes. Among them, 32 eyes were MBRVO (50.7%, 32/63), BRVO 119 eyes (100.0%, 119/119), CRVO 9 eyes (32.1%, 9/28).Conclusions:The incidence of collateral circulation of MBRVO, BRVO and CRVO is 53.7%, 100.0% and 18.1%, respectively. The forms of MBRVO were varied and the course of disease is about 2 months. Anti-VEGF therapy did not inhibit the establishment of collateral circulation.

Objectives:This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of bendamustine in combination with rituximab (BR regimen) for the treatment of newly diagnosed indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-iNHL) and elderly mantle cell lymphoma (eMCL) .Methods:From December 1, 2020 to September 10, 2022, a multi-center prospective study was conducted across ten Grade A tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province, China. The BR regimen was administered to evaluate its efficacy and safety in newly diagnosed B-iNHL and eMCL patients, and all completed at least four cycles of induction therapy.Results:The 72 enrolled patients with B-iNHL or MCL were aged 24-74 years, with a median age of 55 years. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status scores of 0-1 were observed in 76.4% of patients, while 23.6% had scores of 2. Disease distribution included follicular lymphoma (FL) (51.4% ), marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) (33.3% ), eMCL (11.1% ), and the unknown subtype (4.2% ). According to the Ann Arbor staging system, 16.7% and 65.3% of patients were diagnosed with stage Ⅲ and stage Ⅳ lymphomas, respectively. Following four cycles of BR induction therapy, the overall response rate was 98.6%, with a complete response (CR) rate of 83.3% and a partial response (PR) rate of 15.3%. Only one eMCL patient experienced disease progression during treatment, and only one FL patient experienced a relapse. Even when evaluated using CT alone, the CR rate was 63.9%, considering the differences between PET/CT and CT assessments. The median follow-up duration was 11 months (range: 4-22), with a PFS rate of 96.8% and an OS rate of 100.0%. The main hematologic adverse reactions included grade 3-4 leukopenia (27.8%, with febrile neutropenia observed in 8.3% of patients), grade 3-4 lymphopenia (23.6% ), grade 3-4 anemia (5.6% ), and grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia (4.2% ). The main non-hematologic adverse reactions such as fatigue, nausea/vomiting, rash, and infections occurred in less than 20.0% of patients.Conclusion:Within the scope of this clinical trial conducted in China, the BR regimen demonstrated efficacy and safety in treating newly diagnosed B-iNHL and eMCL patients.

The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons (AAHKS) convened a writing group to develop a consensus report on the management of anti-rheumatic medication in patients with rheumatic diseases undergoing elective total hip or total knee arthroplasty in June 2022. In particular, the consensus provides significant updates on target synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and perioperative medication management in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, as well as the addition of newly approved antirheumatic medications for administration. This article will interpret the consensus and provide a reference for the perioperative management of antirheumatic medications for hip and knee arthroplasty in patients with rheumatic diseases in China.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between vaccination doses and the duration of positive nucleic acid or antigen tests in Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients during omicron epidemic.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 26 to December 31, 2022 among COVID-19 patients from all community health service centers in 16 districts of Beijing municipality selected by multi-stage stratified cluster quota sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect the basic information, vaccination doses, results of nucleic acid or antigen tests of all subjects. The subjects were divided into 5 groups according to the doses of COVID-19 vaccination: the non-vaccination group, the 1, 2, 3 and 4 doses vaccination group. The relationship between vaccination doses and the duration of positive nucleic acid or antigen tests was analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.Results:A total of 10 506 COVID-19 cases were included in the study with the age of (43.3±13.7) years. The duration of positive nucleic acid or antigen tests was longer than 7 days in 59.4%(276/465), 51.5%(67/130), 50.6%(355/701), 46.1% (3 464/7 520) and 39.2%(662/1 690) of non-vaccination, and 1, 2, 3, 4 dose vaccination groups, respectively ( P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with non-vaccination patients, the vaccination dose was an independent protective factor for duration of positive nucleic acid or antigen tests>7 days, and the OR values were 0.7 (95% CI 0.5-0.9, P=0.015), 0.6 (95% CI 0.5-0.8, P<0.001) and 0.5 (95% CI 0.4-0.6, P<0.001) for 2, 3 and 4 doses of vaccination, respectively. Conclusion:The vaccination doses are independently related to the duration of positive nucleic acid or antigen tests in COVID-19 patients and the risk is gradually decreases with the increasing vaccination doses.

The dental operative microscope has been widely employed in the field of dentistry, particularly in endodontics and operative dentistry, resulting in significant advancements in the effectiveness of root canal therapy, endodontic surgery, and dental restoration. However, the improper use of this microscope continues to be common in clinical settings, primarily due to operators' insufficient understanding and proficiency in both the features and established operating procedures of this equipment. In October 2019, Professor Jingping Liang, Vice Chairman of the Society of Cariology and Endodontology, Chinese Stomatological Association, organized a consensus meeting with Chinese experts in endodontics and operative dentistry. The objective of this meeting was to establish a standard operation procedure for the dental operative microscope. Subsequently, a consensus was reached and officially issued. Over the span of about four years, the content of this consensus has been further developed and improved through practical experience.
Humans ; Dentistry, Operative ; Consensus ; Endodontics ; Root Canal Therapy ; Dental Care