In January 2026， the European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases released a position statement on polycystic liver disease （PLD）. Compared with existing diagnosis and treatment recommendations， this statement provides the latest practical guidance on somatostatin analogues as the sole available pharmacological intervention for severe PLD， including clear criteria for eligibility， the criteria for initiation and discontinuation of treatment， and the gaps requiring further research. This statement also defines the criteria for patient selection， treatment goals， and monitoring strategies， and these updates fully reflect the latest clinical evidence and practical needs in the management of PLD. This article gives an excerpt of the key practical recommendations from the statement.

Background: The tight junction protein claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) has been implicated in poor prognosis and suboptimal immunotherapy response in gastric cancer (GC). This study investigates the clinicopathological relevance of CLDN18.2 expression and its association with molecular subtypes in GC patients from a high-incidence region, combining transcriptomic and proteomic approaches to explore how CLDN18.2 contributes to progression and metastasis. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 494 GC patients (2019–2024) underwent immunohistochemical analysis for CLDN18.2, Epstein-Barr virus (Epstein–Barr virus–encoded RNA), p53, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, and MSH6). CLDN18.2 positivity was defined as moderate to strong (2+/3+) membranous staining in ≥75% of tumor cells. Clinicopathological correlations, biomarker associations, and survival outcomes were evaluated. Transcriptomic and proteomic sequencing was performed to explore molecular mechanisms. Results: CLDN18.2 positivity was observed in 26.9% (133/494) of gastric adenocarcinomas. CLDN18.2-positive tumors correlated with TNM stage (p = .003) and shorter overall survival (p = .018). No associations were identified with age, sex, HER2 status, microsatellite instability, or Epstein-Barr virus infection. Transcriptomic profiling revealed CLDN18.2-high tumors enriched in pathways involving cell junction disruption, signaling regulation, and immune modulation. Proteomic profiling showed that tumors with high CLDN18.2 were enriched in multiple mechanism-related pathways such as integrated metabolic reprogramming, cytoskeletal recombination, immune microenvironment dysregulation, and pro-survival signaling. These mechanisms may collectively contribute to tumor progression and metastasis. Conclusions CLDN18.2 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in GC patients. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses demonstrate that CLDN18.2 promotes tumor progression and metastasis, underscoring its potential as an independent prognostic factor in regions with a high incidence of GC.

This paper summarizes the current status of research on the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),and points out that TCM has the advantages of being based on the holistic view and advocating the preven-tive treatment of diseases.The strategies of TCM in preventing and treating malignant tumors are proposed:first,it is necessary to clar-ify the leading or auxiliary treatment role in different stages of tumors and give full play to its strengths and advantages;second,find the characteristics of the superior and inferior populations and microscopic markers of tumor diagnosis and treatment to promote accurate di-agnosis and treatment;third,improve the overall diagnosis and treatment level of tumors by grasping the core pathogenesis and ensure clinical efficacy;fourth,incorporate modern medical therapy factors into the TCM tumor diagnosis and treatment system in order to in-tercept the disease;fifth,add TCM psychological intervention on the basis of the four-in-one holistic syndrome differentiation view to achieve harmony between body and spirit;sixth,improve the rehabilitation and health care system of tumors combined with traditional Chinese and Western medicine through the use of multiple methods to promote the recovery of diseases.In this way,the clinical effica-cy of TCM in preventing and treating tumors can be continuously improved,and the great goal of TCM in preventing and treating tumors and benefiting all mankind can be truly realized.

This paper summarizes the ideas and methods of Professor Wu Mianhua's diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer based on the theory of"solidifying the root and clearing the filth",and believes that prostate cancer is a combination of deficiency in the root and excess in the manifestation,with deficiency and excess mixed.Spleen and kidney deficiency and cancer toxicity accumula-tion are the basis of prostate cancer,and the mutual entanglement of dampness,phlegm,heat and stasis is the key to the pathogenesis of prostate cancer.Clinically,prostate cancer is diagnosed and treated from the perspective of"solidifying the root and clearing the filth",warming the kidney and nourishing the kidney to consolidate the innate root,strengthening the spleen and activating the spleen to cultivate the acquired root,clearing heat and dampness,resolving phlegm and removing stasis to clear filth and detoxify.Strengthen the root to promote clearing the filth,and clear the fifth to help strengthen the root,achieve dynamic balance,and synergistically con-trol the progression of tumors.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibitory effect mechanism of Anzheng Kangliu Decoction against colorectal cancer by suppressing glycolysis through regulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling pathway.METHODS Human colorectal cancer SW620 cells were treated with Anzheng Kangliu De-coction,and cell proliferation and migration abilities were assessed.Forty-two BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into a blank control group,model group,5-fluorouracil(5-FU)group(0.025 g·kg-1),Anzheng Kangliu Decoction low-dose group(7.67 g·kg-1),medium-dose group(15.34 g·kg-1),and high-dose group(30.68 g·kg-1).The inhibitory effect of Anzheng Kan-gliu Decoction on subcutaneous xenograft tumors was evaluated by observing body weight,tumor volume,tumor mass,HE staining,im-munohistochemical staining of Ki67 and other indicators.High-throughput transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify differen-tially expressed genes and pathways in tumor tissues between the model group and the Anzheng Kangliu Decoction medium-dose group,elucidating the potential mechanism of Anzheng Kangliu Decoction against colorectal cancer.Glucose and lactate assay kits were used to measure glucose consumption and lactate production in SW620 cells and tumor tissues after Anzheng Kangliu Decoction intervention.Western blot was employed to detect the expression levels of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-Akt/Akt,p-mTOR/mTOR,hexokinase 2(HK2),and lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA)in SW620 cells and tumor tissues following Anzheng Kangliu Decoction treatment.RE-SULTS In vitro cell experiments demonstrated that,compared with the blank control group,Anzheng Kangliu Decoction intervention significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of SW620 cells(P<0.01),reduced glucose consumption and lactate production(P<0.05,P<0.01),and downregulated the protein expression levels of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-Akt/Akt,p-mTOR/mTOR,HK2,and LDHA(P<0.05,P<0.01).In vivo animal experiments revealed that,compared with the model group,Anzheng Kangliu Decoction suppressed the growth of subcutaneous xenograft tumors in nude mice(P<0.01),increased tumor tissue necrosis,decreased glucose consumption and lactate production in tumor tissues(P<0.05,P<0.01),and reduced the protein expression levels of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-Akt/Akt,p-mTOR/mTOR,HK2,and LDHA(P<0.05,P<0.01).CONCLUSION Anzheng Kangliu Decoction exerts an in-hibitory effect on colorectal cancer,and its mechanism may be associated with the suppression of glycolysis through regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Objective To analyze the status of 2 649 suspected pertussis patients in Xi'an and the changes in laboratory diagnostic indi-cators.Methods 2 649 patients with suspected pertussis who visited the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from June 2023 to May 2025 were collected as the research subjects.Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from the patients,and pertussis nucleic acid was detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-fluorescence probe method.Laboratory diagnostic indicators were an-alyzed.Results Among the 2 649 samples tested,250 were positive for pertussis nucleic acid,with a positive detection rate of 9.44%.The detection rate in male patients was 9.37%(127/1 356),and in female patients was 9.51%(123/1 293),with difference no was statis-tically significant between the two groups(χ2=0.019,P=0.894).There was a statistically significant difference in the positive detection rate among different age groups(χ2=46.473,P<0.05),with the highest positive detection rate in the 7～19 age group(14.98%).The prevalence of pertussis showed a seasonal characteristic with a peak from April to September.21.2%(53/250)of the positive patients were mixed infections.In the 1～14 age group,the white blood cell count(WBC),lymphocyte percentage(LYMP%),and lymphocyte count(LYMP#)in the pertussis infection group were higher than those in the Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)infection group(t=10.179,5.819,8.614)and the Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)infection group(t=16.570,2.618,7.185),and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01),respectively.In the＞14 age group,the LYMP%and LYMP#in the pertussis infection group were higher than those in the MP infection group(t=3.275,2.319)and the RSV infection group(t=2.401,4.617),and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05),respectively.Conclusion The pertussis infection status in Xi'an area from 2023 to 2025 shows significant char-acteristics in terms of age,season and laboratory test results.It is necessary to further improve the pertussis surveillance system in this area,optimize the clinical diagnosis and treatment process and strengthen the vaccination work of pertussis vaccine.

Objective:To explore drug detoxification motivation in methamphetamine-dependent female youth and its relationship with time perspective,perceived social support and emotion regulation strategies.Methods:To-tally 200 methamphetamine-dependent female youths under compulsory isolation were assessed with the Drug De-toxification Motivation Scale,Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory-Chinese(ZTPI-C),Emotion Regulation Scale(ERS),and Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS).Results:Multiple linear regression analysis showed that drug detoxification motivation scores were positively correlated with the scores of ERS reevaluation and expression inhi-bition,PSSS family support scores and level of education(β=0.24,0.16,0.20,0.16).Conclusion:Time perspec-tive,perceived social support and emotion regulation strategies are closely related to drug detoxification motivation in methamphetamine-dependent female youth.

OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of Jiangqi Pingxiao Formula on airway inflammation in mice with acute asthma and explore its possible mechanism.METHODS A total of 36 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,dexamethasone group,low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups of Jiangqi Pingxiao Formula,with 6 mice in each group.Except for the normal group,the other groups were given ovalbumin to establish the acute asthma attack mouse model.The normal group and the model group were given distilled water by gavage,and the Jiangqi Pingxiao Formula groups were given Jiangqi Pingxiao Formula by gavage at the corresponding dose,once a day,for 5 consecutive days.Whole Body Plethysmography was used to measure the changes of enhanced respiratory interval(Pehn)of bronchial contraction parameters in mice.HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue in mice.ELISA method was adopted to detect the expression levels of interleukin 1β(IL-1β),interleukin 18(IL-18)and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)in lung tissue homogenate of mice.Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the expression level of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-associated protein 3(NLRP3)in lung tissue of mice.Western blot method was employed to detect the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation-associated protein κ gene binding nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-associated protein 3(NLRP3),NIMA-associated kinase 7(NEK7),Caspase 1(Cleaved-Caspase 1)and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein(ASC)in lung tissue of mice.RESULTS Compared with the normal group,the Penh level of mice in the model group was increased(P<0.001),and the pathological results of lung tissue showed that the number of inflammatory cells around the airway increased,the inflammatory score increased(P<0.001),the expression of IL-1β,IL-18,and TNF-α in lung tissue homogenate increased(P<0.001),and the expression of NF-κB,NLRP3,NEK7,Cleaved-Caspase 1,and ASC proteins in lung tissue increased(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001).Compared with the model group,the Penh level of mice in the Jiangqi Pingxiao Formula groups and the dexamethasone group was reduced(P<0.05,P<0.001),the number of inflammatory cells in lung tissue decreased,and the inflammatory score decreased(P<0.001);the expression of IL-1β,IL-18,and TNF-α in lung tissue homogenate decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001);the expression of NF-κB,NLRP3,NEK7,Cleaved-Caspase 1,and ASC pro-teins in lung tissue decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Jiangqi Pingxiao Formula can improve lung function and airway inflammation in asthma model mice,and its mechanism may be related to regulating NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β secretion.

Objective To analyze the status of 2 649 suspected pertussis patients in Xi'an and the changes in laboratory diagnostic indi-cators.Methods 2 649 patients with suspected pertussis who visited the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from June 2023 to May 2025 were collected as the research subjects.Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from the patients,and pertussis nucleic acid was detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-fluorescence probe method.Laboratory diagnostic indicators were an-alyzed.Results Among the 2 649 samples tested,250 were positive for pertussis nucleic acid,with a positive detection rate of 9.44%.The detection rate in male patients was 9.37%(127/1 356),and in female patients was 9.51%(123/1 293),with difference no was statis-tically significant between the two groups(χ2=0.019,P=0.894).There was a statistically significant difference in the positive detection rate among different age groups(χ2=46.473,P<0.05),with the highest positive detection rate in the 7～19 age group(14.98%).The prevalence of pertussis showed a seasonal characteristic with a peak from April to September.21.2%(53/250)of the positive patients were mixed infections.In the 1～14 age group,the white blood cell count(WBC),lymphocyte percentage(LYMP%),and lymphocyte count(LYMP#)in the pertussis infection group were higher than those in the Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)infection group(t=10.179,5.819,8.614)and the Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)infection group(t=16.570,2.618,7.185),and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01),respectively.In the＞14 age group,the LYMP%and LYMP#in the pertussis infection group were higher than those in the MP infection group(t=3.275,2.319)and the RSV infection group(t=2.401,4.617),and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05),respectively.Conclusion The pertussis infection status in Xi'an area from 2023 to 2025 shows significant char-acteristics in terms of age,season and laboratory test results.It is necessary to further improve the pertussis surveillance system in this area,optimize the clinical diagnosis and treatment process and strengthen the vaccination work of pertussis vaccine.

Objective To explore the correlations between interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-8(IL-8),antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and the microbial abundance and the degree of mucosal injury in patients with trichomonal vaginitis(TV).Methods A total of 120 TV patients admitted from January 2022 to December 2024 were selected and divided into the occurrence group(n=63)and the non-occurrence group(n=57)according to presence and absence of mucosal injury.The general data,IL-6,IL-8,LL-37 and microbial abundance were compared between the two groups.According to the degree of mucosal injury,the occurrence group was divided into the mild subgroup(n=34),the moderate subgroup(n=20),and the severe subgroup(n=9).Pearson correlation analysis was applied to investigate the correlations between IL-6,IL-10,antimicrobial peptide LL-37,microbial abundance and the degree of mucosal injury.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of mucosal injury in TV patients.The receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was used to evaluate the predictive value of relevant indicators for mucosal injury in TV patients.Result The levels of IL-6,IL-8,antimicrobial peptide LL-37,and the abundance of Actinobacteria and Gardnerella in the occurrence group were higher than those in the non-occurrence group,while the abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus was lower than that in the non-occurrence group(P<0.05,P<0.01).Pearson correlation analysis showed that IL-6,IL-8,antimicrobial peptide LL-37,and abundance of Actinobacteria and Gardnerella were positively correlated with the degree of mucosal injury(r=0.543,0.713,0.352,0.409,0.659,P<0.01),while the abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus was negatively correlated with the degree of mucosal injury(r=-0.540,-0.504,P<0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that IL-6,IL-8,antimicrobial peptide LL-37,and abundance of Actinobacteria were risk factors for mucosal injury in TV patients,while the abundance of Firmicutes and the abundance of Lactobacillus were protective factors(P<0.05).The ROC curve showed that the area under the ROC curve(AUC)of the combined detection of IL-6,IL-8,antibacterial peptide 37,and the abundance of Actinobacteria,Firmicutes,and Lactobacillus in evaluating mucosal injury in TV patients was higher than that of the single detection(P<0.01).Conclusion IL-6,IL-8,antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and microbial abundance are closely related to the degree of mucosal injury in TV patients.The combined detection has a high value in evaluating the occurrence of mucosal injury in TV patients.