OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of biodegradable magnesium alloy materials in promoting tendon-bone healing during rotator cuff tear repair and to investigate their potential underlying biological mechanisms. METHODS: Forty-eight 8-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were taken and randomly divided into groups A, B, and C. Rotator cuff tear models were created and repaired using magnesium alloy sutures in group A and Vicryl Plus 4-0 absorbable sutures in group B, while only subcutaneous incisions and sutures were performed in group C. Organ samples of groups A and B were taken for HE staining at 1 and 2 weeks after operation to evaluate the safety of magnesium alloy, and specimens from the supraspinatus tendon and proximal humerus were harvested at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation. The specimens were observed macroscopically at 4 and 12 weeks after operation. Biomechanical tests were performed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks to test the ultimate load and stiffness of the healing sites in groups A and B. At 2, 4, and 12 weeks, the specimens were subjected to the following tests: Micro-CT to evaluate the formation of bone tunnels in groups A and B, HE staining and Masson staining to observe the regeneration of fibrocartilage at the tendon-bone interface after decalcification and sectioning, and Goldner trichrome staining to evaluate the calcification. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expressions of angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), as well as osteogenic factors at the tendon-bone interface. Additionally, immunofluorescence staining was used to examine the expressions of Arginase 1 and Integrin beta-2 to assess M1 and M2 macrophage polarization at the tendon-bone interface. The role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway in tendon-bone healing was further analyzed using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. RESULTS: Analysis of visceral sections revealed that magnesium ions released during the degradation of magnesium alloys did not cause significant toxic effects on organs such as the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys, indicating good biosafety. Histological analysis further demonstrated that fibrocartilage regeneration at the tendon-bone interface in group A occurred earlier, and the amount of fibrocartilage was significantly greater compared to group B, suggesting a positive effect of magnesium alloy material on tendon-bone interface repair. Additionally, Micro-CT analysis results revealed that bone tunnel formation occurred more rapidly in group A compared to group B, further supporting the beneficial effect of magnesium alloy on bone healing. Biomechanical testing showed that the ultimate load in group A was consistently higher than in group B, and the stiffness of group A was also greater than that of group B at 4 weeks, indicating stronger tissue-carrying capacity following tendon-bone interface repair and highlighting the potential of magnesium alloy in enhancing tendon-bone healing. Immunohistochemical staining results indicated that the expressions of VEGF and BMP-2 were significantly upregulated during the early stages of healing, suggesting that magnesium alloy effectively promoted angiogenesis and bone formation, thereby accelerating the tendon-bone healing process. Immunofluorescence staining further revealed that magnesium ions exerted significant anti-inflammatory effects by regulating macrophage polarization, promoting their shift toward the M2 phenotype. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR results demonstrated that magnesium ions could facilitate tendon-bone healing by modulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Biodegradable magnesium alloy material accelerated fibrocartilage regeneration and calcification at the tendon-bone interface in rat rotator cuff tear repair by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby significantly enhancing tendon-bone healing.
Animals ; Rotator Cuff Injuries/metabolism* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Wound Healing/drug effects* ; Alloys/pharmacology* ; Rats ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Rotator Cuff/metabolism* ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; Magnesium/pharmacology* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism* ; Male ; Biocompatible Materials ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/metabolism*

The rich club, as a community of highly interconnected nodes, serves as the topological center of the network. However, the similarities and differences in how the rich club supports functional integration and segregation in the brain across different species remain unknown. In this study, we first detected and validated the rich club in the structural networks of mouse, monkey, and human brains using neuronal tracing or diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data. Further, we assessed the role of rich clubs in functional integration, segregation, and balance using quantitative metrics. Our results indicate that the presence of a rich club facilitates whole-brain functional integration in all three species, with the functional networks of higher species exhibiting greater integration. These findings are expected to help to understand the relationship between brain structure and function from the perspective of brain evolution.
Animals ; Humans ; Brain/diagnostic imaging* ; Mice ; Male ; Nerve Net/diagnostic imaging* ; Macaca ; Female ; Neural Pathways/diagnostic imaging* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Biological Evolution ; Adult ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Brain Mapping ; Species Specificity ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

Objective·To evaluate the effects of normally positioned flap(NPF)and coronally advanced flap(CAF)techniques on clinical results after epulis excision.Methods·A total of 55 patients with epulis who visited the Department of Periodontology,Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from August 2022 to December 2023 were included.The patients were divided into the NPF group and the CAF group.After epulis excision,the surgical area was closed using NPF or CAF technique.The following parameters were recorded:baseline epulis width(EW)and epulis height(EH);papilla width(PW)and papilla height(PH)at 6 months post-surgery;probing depth(PD),attachment loss(AL),and keratinized gingiva width(KGW)at both baseline and 6 months post-surgery.The esthetic outcomes were evaluated using a visual analog scale(VAS)by 2 periodontal specialists.t test was used to compare the differences in periodontal indices between baseline and 6 months post-surgery,as well as between the 2 flap techniques.Results·At 6 months post-surgery,PD of the CAF group was(1.68±0.79)mm,significantly lower than at baseline(P<0.001),but not significantly different from that in the NPF group(P=0.365);the AL in the CAF group was(1.26±1.18)mm,not significantly different from baseline(P=0.746),but significantly lower than in the NPF group(P<0.001).At 6 months post-surgery,PH of the CAF group was(3.74±0.62)mm,significantly higher than that in the NPF group(P<0.001),and the VAS score of the CAF group was significantly higher than that of the NPF group(P<0.001).Conclusion·Compared with NPF,CAF could effectively improve post-surgical KGW and reduce AL,which could prevent periodontal soft tissue defects,and improve esthetic outcome after epulis excision.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is a common respiratory emergency,but current clinical treatment remains at the level of symptomatic support and there is a lack of effective targeted treatment measures.Our previous study confirmed that inhalation of hydrogen gas can reduce the acute lung injury of ARDS,but the application of hydrogen has flammable and explosive safety concerns.Drinking hydrogen-rich liquid or inhaling hydrogen gas has been shown to play an important role in scavenging reactive oxygen species and maintaining mitochondrial quality control balance,thus improving ARDS in patients and animal models.Coral calcium hydrogenation(CCH)is a new solid molecular hydrogen carrier prepared from coral calcium(CC).Whether and how CCH affects acute lung injury in ARDS re-mains unstudied.In this study,we observed the therapeutic effect of CCH on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced acute lung injury in ARDS mice.The survival rate of mice treated with CCH and hydrogen inhalation was found to be comparable,demonstrating a significant improvement compared to the untreated ARDS model group.CCH treatment significantly reduced pulmonary hemorrhage and edema,and improved pulmonary function and local microcirculation in ARDS mice.CCH promoted mitochon-drial peripheral division in the early course of ARDS by activating mitochondrial thioredoxin 2(Trx2),improved lung mitochondrial dysfunction induced by LPS,and reduced oxidative stress damage.The results indicate that CCH is a highly efficient hydrogen-rich agent that can attenuate acute lung injury of ARDS by improving the mitochondrial function through Trx2 activation.

Objective: To investigate the current status and influencing factors of quality of life among HIV/AIDS cases, so as to provide the basis for improving HIV/AIDS cases quality of life. Methods: From March to July 2024, HIV/AIDS cases under follow-up management at various community health service centers in Jinshan District, Shanghai Municipality, were selected as the survey subjects using a convenience sampling method. Demographic information and receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) were collected through questionnaire surveys. Quality of life was assessed using the Chinese version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire for HIV brief version. A multiple linear regression model was employed to analyze the factors affecting quality of life. Results: A total of 179 HIV/AIDS cases were investigated, including 150 males (83.80%) and 29 females (16.20%), with a mean age of (47.00±12.90) years. The subjective self-evaluation score for the quality of life among HIV/AIDS cases was (13.87±2.84) points. The scores in the domains of physical, psychological, independence, social relationship, environment, and spiritual support/religion/personal beliefs were (14.77±2.64) (13.57±2.04) (13.86±2.04) (12.99±2.26) (13.58±1.98) (14.59±3.05) points, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed statistically significant associations (all P<0.05) between the following factors and quality of life domain scores: educational level (college degree or above, β' =0.162) and receiving ART (β' =-0.197) were associated with the subjective self-evaluation domain score; educational level (college degree or above, β' =0.186) and receiving ART (β' =-0.299) were associated with physical domain score; receiving ART (β' =-0.263) and symptoms related to sexually transmitted diseases (β' =-0.243) were associated with psychological domain score; occupation (retirees, β' =-0.191) and symptoms related to sexually transmitted diseases (β' =-0.220) were correlated with the independence domain score; annual household income per capita (≥30 000 yuan, β' =0.281) and receiving ART (β' =-0.299) were correlated with the social relationship domain score; educational level (college degree or above, β' =0.206) and receiving ART (β' =-0.285) were correlated with the environment domain score; and receiving ART (β' =-0.492) and duration since HIV confirmation (3 to <6 years, β' =0.233; ≥6 years, β' =0.161) were correlated with the spiritual support/religion/personal beliefs domain score. Conclusions The overall quality of life among HIV/AIDS cases in Jinshan District is relatively good, but the domains of psychological, independence, and social relationship were still room for improvement. It is mainly influenced by factors such as occupation, educational level, annual household income per capita, receiving ART, symptoms related to sexually transmitted diseases, and duration since HIV confirmation.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common respiratory emergency, but current clinical treatment remains at the level of symptomatic support and there is a lack of effective targeted treatment measures. Our previous study confirmed that inhalation of hydrogen gas can reduce the acute lung injury of ARDS, but the application of hydrogen has flammable and explosive safety concerns. Drinking hydrogen-rich liquid or inhaling hydrogen gas has been shown to play an important role in scavenging reactive oxygen species and maintaining mitochondrial quality control balance, thus improving ARDS in patients and animal models. Coral calcium hydrogenation (CCH) is a new solid molecular hydrogen carrier prepared from coral calcium (CC). Whether and how CCH affects acute lung injury in ARDS remains unstudied. In this study, we observed the therapeutic effect of CCH on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute lung injury in ARDS mice. The survival rate of mice treated with CCH and hydrogen inhalation was found to be comparable, demonstrating a significant improvement compared to the untreated ARDS model group. CCH treatment significantly reduced pulmonary hemorrhage and edema, and improved pulmonary function and local microcirculation in ARDS mice. CCH promoted mitochondrial peripheral division in the early course of ARDS by activating mitochondrial thioredoxin 2 (Trx2), improved lung mitochondrial dysfunction induced by LPS, and reduced oxidative stress damage. The results indicate that CCH is a highly efficient hydrogen-rich agent that can attenuate acute lung injury of ARDS by improving the mitochondrial function through Trx2 activation.

Objective·To evaluate the effects of normally positioned flap(NPF)and coronally advanced flap(CAF)techniques on clinical results after epulis excision.Methods·A total of 55 patients with epulis who visited the Department of Periodontology,Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from August 2022 to December 2023 were included.The patients were divided into the NPF group and the CAF group.After epulis excision,the surgical area was closed using NPF or CAF technique.The following parameters were recorded:baseline epulis width(EW)and epulis height(EH);papilla width(PW)and papilla height(PH)at 6 months post-surgery;probing depth(PD),attachment loss(AL),and keratinized gingiva width(KGW)at both baseline and 6 months post-surgery.The esthetic outcomes were evaluated using a visual analog scale(VAS)by 2 periodontal specialists.t test was used to compare the differences in periodontal indices between baseline and 6 months post-surgery,as well as between the 2 flap techniques.Results·At 6 months post-surgery,PD of the CAF group was(1.68±0.79)mm,significantly lower than at baseline(P<0.001),but not significantly different from that in the NPF group(P=0.365);the AL in the CAF group was(1.26±1.18)mm,not significantly different from baseline(P=0.746),but significantly lower than in the NPF group(P<0.001).At 6 months post-surgery,PH of the CAF group was(3.74±0.62)mm,significantly higher than that in the NPF group(P<0.001),and the VAS score of the CAF group was significantly higher than that of the NPF group(P<0.001).Conclusion·Compared with NPF,CAF could effectively improve post-surgical KGW and reduce AL,which could prevent periodontal soft tissue defects,and improve esthetic outcome after epulis excision.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of betulin (BE) on the replication of rotavirus (RV) in vitro.METHODS ①MA104 cells were intervened with BE between 0.03125 and 64μmol·L-1 for 72 h,and MTT assay was used to detect the cell survival.② MA104 cells were infected with RV including Wa strains and SA-11 strains to establish a viral model.MA104 cells were divided into the cell control group,RV group and RV+BE groups.The cytopathic effect (CPE) method combined with MTT assay was used to detect the effect of BE on anti-RV adsorption,anti-RV biosynthesis and direct inhibition of RV.③The grouping was the same as in②,and RT-qPCR,Western blot and IF methods were used to detect the expression of RV structural protein VP6 after 24 h of BE incubation.④The grouping was the same as in②,and the ELISA kit was used to detect the concentrations of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α,anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 and type Ⅱ interferon IFN-γ in the cell supernatant after 24 h of BE incubation.⑤The grouping was the same as in②,and qPCR assay was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4),myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88) and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) after 24 h of BE incubation,Western blot assay was used to detect the expression levels of MYD88,IκBα,NF-κB p65,and p-NF-κB p65 after 24 h of BE incubation.RESULTS ① The maximum non-toxic concentration of BE towards MA104 cells was 1 μmol·L-1,and TC50 was 5.795 μmol·L-1.The concentrations of BE in the anti-RV experiments ranged from 0.03125μmol·L-1 to 1μmol·L-1.② In the anti-RV biosynthesis experiment,the inhibition rates of BE for RV-Wa between 0.0625 and 1 μmol·L-1 exceeded 50％,EC50 was 0.0485 μmol·L-1,and the value of TI was 119.48.The inhibition rates of BE for RV-SA-11 between 0.25 and 1 μmol·L-1 were above 50％,EC50 was 0.1226 μmol·L-1,and the value of TI was 47.27.In contrast,the effects of BE on anti-RV adsorption and direct inhibition of RV were not obvious.③ Compared with the RV group,BE inhibited the expression of VP6 (P＜0.01).④ Compared with the RV group,BE reduced the concentrations of IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α(P＜0.01),but increased the concentrations of IL-10 and IFN-γ(P＜0.01).⑤Compared with the RV group,BE reduced the mRNA levels of TLR4,MYD88 and TRAF6 (P＜0.01),decreased the protein expression levels of MYD88 and p-NF-κB p65,and increased those of IκBα and NF-κB p65 (P＜0.01).CONCLUSION BE has anti-RV biosynthesis effect,and it may reduce inflammatory response caused by RV infection via TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective:To propose a novel refined subtyping of Neer type Ⅵ proximal humerus fracture-dislocation and explore its clinical application.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of 36 patients who had been admitted to Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital between January 2018 and December 2022 for surgical treatment with proximal humeral internal locking system (PHILOS) for Neer type Ⅵ proximal humerus fracture-dislocation. There were 25 males and 11 females with an age of (46.1±4.7) years. According to the fracture-dislocation and the separation between the humeral head and the stem, the patients with Neer type Ⅵ proximal humerus fracture-dislocation were further subdivided into 3 subtype groups (known as STAB subtypes): subtype-T group (dislocation of the shoulder joint with macro-capitellar fracture, n=14), subtype-A group (proximal humerus fracture-dislocation without separation of the humeral head from the humeral stem, n=12), and subtype-B group (dislocation of the proximal humerus fracture with separation of the humeral head from the humeral stem, n=10). STAB subtyping was performed on the same imaging data from all the patients at admission and 2 weeks later by 4 surgeons with different qualifications. Interobserver and intraobserver agreements of the STAB typing were verified. The operation time, fracture healing time, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, Constant-Murley score, and complications were recorded for patients in the 3 subtype groups. Results:The differences in the preoperative general data were not statistically significant between the 3 subtype groups, indicating comparability ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up for (11.2±4.2) months. The inter-observer and intra-observer Kappa values for STAB subtyping were 0.94 and 0.95, respectively. For subtype-T group, subtype-A group, and subtype-B group, respectively, the operation time was (68.9±5.6) min, (90.0±5.2) min, and (113.0±9.2) min; the fracture healing time was (9.0±0.8) weeks, (10.3±1.2) weeks, and (11.8±0.9) weeks; the VAS scores at the last follow-up were 1.0(1.0, 2.0) points, 2.0(1.0, 2.0) points, 2.0(2.0, 3.0) points; the Constant-Murley scores at the last follow-up were (83.6±2.8) points, (74.5±3.0) points, and (62.7±5.5) points. The differences between the 3 subtype groups in the above items were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The overall success rate of closed reduction was 61.1% (22/36). In subtype-T, subtype-A, and subtype-B groups, respectively, the number of patients with successful closed reduction was 13, 7, and 2, while complications occurred in 2, 3, and 6 patients. The differences in closed reduction and complications among the 3 groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The STAB subtyping proposed in this study demonstrates strong intra- and inter-group consistency. Because the refined STAB subtyping can reveal differences among all the Neer type Ⅵ proximal humeral fractures and dislocations, it may provide more precise guidance for personalized clinical decision-making.

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of Yunnan Baiyao in middle aged and elderly lung cancer patients undergoing the uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic.Methods A total of 90 patients with non-small cell lung cancer meeting the criterias were screened and divided into two groups according to random number table method,which respectively received conventional treatment(control group)and Yunnan Baiyao treatment(experimental group).The perioperative period related indexes,coagulation function related indexes,and the occurrence rate of complications were observed and compared between the two groups.Results The intraoperative bleeding volume and thoracic drainage volume for the first day of experimental group were significantly lower than control group(P＜0.05).However,there were no significant difference in the coagulation function related indexes between two groups before and after surgery(P＞0.05).Additionally,there were also no significant difference in the occurrence rate of complication between two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Yunnan Baiyao can reduce intraoperative bleeding volume and chest tube drainage volume for the first day,promots the recovery of patients,and has a good clinical application value.