Objective:To investigate the survival outcomes and prognostic factors in patients undergoing radical resection for pancreatic body and tail cancer.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted on 992 patients who underwent radical resection for pancreatic body and tail cancer at the Pancreatic Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2016 to June 2024. In this study, 577 (58.2%) were male and 415 (41.8%) were female,with an age of (65±9) years (range: 26 to 86 years). Follow-up continued until June 2024. Survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method,and prognostic factors were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.Results:Among 992 patients,open surgery was the predominant approach (89.1%, 884/992), and radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS) was performed in 317 patients (32.0%). Combined organ resection,venous resection,and arterial resection were performed in 23.5%, 9.3%,and 11.2% of patients,respectively. The rates of R0, R1-1 mm, and R1-direct resections were 49.8% (494/992),41.5% (412/992), and 8.7% (86/992),respectively. Stage ⅡB was the most common TNM stage (32.2%,319/992). A total of 801 patients (80.8%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. The median follow-up period was 32.0(8.8) months(range:3.2 to 105.3 months),during which 508 patients (51.2%) died. The overall median survival (OS) was 26.4 months,with 1-,3-, and 5-year survival rates of 79.0%,40.0%, and 29.0%, respectively. In the recent five years (from 2020 to 2024), the median OS improved significantly to 34.1 months compared to 20.0 months from 2016 to 2019 ( P<0.01). Histological subtype analysis showed that the median OS time was 26.7 months for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC, n=855),58.9 months for invasive intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma (IPMC, n=32),and 15.7 months for adenosquamous carcinoma of pancreas (ASCP, n=73) ( P=0.001). Among PDAC patients, adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved survival (29.1 months vs. 14.4 months, P<0.01);in IPMC patients, adjuvant chemotherapy also extended survival (65.7 months vs. 58.9 months, P=0.047). Although ASCP patients receiving chemotherapy had a longer median OS time than those without (18.8 months vs. 8.9 months),the difference was not statistically significant ( P=0.151). Multivariate Cox regression analysis in PDAC patients indicated that adjuvant chemotherapy, R0 resection, T stage,N stage,and tumor differentiation were independent prognostic factors ( P<0.01). The median OS time by TNM stage was:not reached for stage ⅠA, 51.6 months for ⅠB, 25.5 months for ⅡA, 23.7 months for ⅡB, 23.0 months for Ⅲ, and 14.4 months for Ⅳ. The median OS time for R0,R1-1 mm,and R1-direct resections was 34.1,24.7,and 15.7 months,respectively ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Adjuvant chemotherapy,R0 resection,tumor stage,and differentiation are independent prognostic factors for pancreatic body and tail cancer.

Objective:To investigate the survival outcomes and prognostic factors in patients undergoing radical resection for pancreatic body and tail cancer.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted on 992 patients who underwent radical resection for pancreatic body and tail cancer at the Pancreatic Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2016 to June 2024. In this study, 577 (58.2%) were male and 415 (41.8%) were female,with an age of (65±9) years (range: 26 to 86 years). Follow-up continued until June 2024. Survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method,and prognostic factors were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.Results:Among 992 patients,open surgery was the predominant approach (89.1%, 884/992), and radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS) was performed in 317 patients (32.0%). Combined organ resection,venous resection,and arterial resection were performed in 23.5%, 9.3%,and 11.2% of patients,respectively. The rates of R0, R1-1 mm, and R1-direct resections were 49.8% (494/992),41.5% (412/992), and 8.7% (86/992),respectively. Stage ⅡB was the most common TNM stage (32.2%,319/992). A total of 801 patients (80.8%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. The median follow-up period was 32.0(8.8) months(range:3.2 to 105.3 months),during which 508 patients (51.2%) died. The overall median survival (OS) was 26.4 months,with 1-,3-, and 5-year survival rates of 79.0%,40.0%, and 29.0%, respectively. In the recent five years (from 2020 to 2024), the median OS improved significantly to 34.1 months compared to 20.0 months from 2016 to 2019 ( P<0.01). Histological subtype analysis showed that the median OS time was 26.7 months for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC, n=855),58.9 months for invasive intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma (IPMC, n=32),and 15.7 months for adenosquamous carcinoma of pancreas (ASCP, n=73) ( P=0.001). Among PDAC patients, adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved survival (29.1 months vs. 14.4 months, P<0.01);in IPMC patients, adjuvant chemotherapy also extended survival (65.7 months vs. 58.9 months, P=0.047). Although ASCP patients receiving chemotherapy had a longer median OS time than those without (18.8 months vs. 8.9 months),the difference was not statistically significant ( P=0.151). Multivariate Cox regression analysis in PDAC patients indicated that adjuvant chemotherapy, R0 resection, T stage,N stage,and tumor differentiation were independent prognostic factors ( P<0.01). The median OS time by TNM stage was:not reached for stage ⅠA, 51.6 months for ⅠB, 25.5 months for ⅡA, 23.7 months for ⅡB, 23.0 months for Ⅲ, and 14.4 months for Ⅳ. The median OS time for R0,R1-1 mm,and R1-direct resections was 34.1,24.7,and 15.7 months,respectively ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Adjuvant chemotherapy,R0 resection,tumor stage,and differentiation are independent prognostic factors for pancreatic body and tail cancer.

It has been found that the incidence of cardiovascular disease in patients with lower limb amputation is significantly higher than that in normal people, and the risk of developing coronary atherosclerosis is much higher than that in other high-risk groups. Numerous studies have confirmed that high systolic and diastolic blood pressures are potential risk factors for coronary artery disease, and it has been demonstrated that the ascending aortic pressure during diastole increases after amputation. However, the relationship between lower limb amputation and coronary atherosclerosis has not been fully explained from the perspective of hemodynamic environment. Therefore, in this study, a centralized parameter model of the human cardiovascular system and a three-dimensional model of the left coronary artery were established to investigate the effect of amputation on the hemodynamic environment of the coronary artery. The results showed that the abnormal hemodynamic environment induced by amputation, characterized by factors such as increased diastolic pressure in the ascending aorta, led to a significant expansion of the low wall shear stress (WSS) region on the outer lateral aspect of the left coronary artery bifurcation during diastole. The maximum observed increase in the area of low WSS reached up to 50.5%. This abnormal hemodynamic environment elevates the risk of plaque formation in the left coronary artery. Moreover, the more severe the lower limb atrophy, the greater the risk of coronary atherosclerosis in amputees. This study preliminarily reveals the effect of lower limb amputation on the hemodynamic environment of the left coronary artery.
Humans ; Hemodynamics/physiology* ; Amputation, Surgical/adverse effects* ; Coronary Vessels/physiology* ; Coronary Artery Disease/etiology* ; Lower Extremity/surgery* ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Blood Pressure

Immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely related to abnormal glycolysis. Tumor cells gain metabolic advantages and suppress immune responses through the "Warburg effect". Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been shown to regulate key glycolysis enzymes (such as HK2 and PKM2), metabolic signaling pathways (such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, HIF-1α) and non-coding RNAs at multiple targets, thus synergistically inhibiting lactate accumulation, improving vascular abnormalities, and relieving metabolic inhibition of immune cells. Studies have shown that TCM monomers and formulas can promote immune cell infiltration and functions, improve metabolic microenvironment, and with the assistance by the nano-delivery system, enhance the precision of treatment. However, the dynamic mechanism of the interaction between TCM-regulated glycolysis and TME has not been fully elucidated, for which single-cell sequencing and other technologies provide important technical support to facilitate in-depth analysis and clinical translational research. Future studies should be focused on the synergistic strategy of "metabolic reprogramming-immune activation" to provide new insights into the mechanisms of tumor immunotherapy.
Humans ; Tumor Microenvironment/immunology* ; Glycolysis/drug effects* ; Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Signal Transduction ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology*

The rich club, as a community of highly interconnected nodes, serves as the topological center of the network. However, the similarities and differences in how the rich club supports functional integration and segregation in the brain across different species remain unknown. In this study, we first detected and validated the rich club in the structural networks of mouse, monkey, and human brains using neuronal tracing or diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data. Further, we assessed the role of rich clubs in functional integration, segregation, and balance using quantitative metrics. Our results indicate that the presence of a rich club facilitates whole-brain functional integration in all three species, with the functional networks of higher species exhibiting greater integration. These findings are expected to help to understand the relationship between brain structure and function from the perspective of brain evolution.
Animals ; Humans ; Brain/diagnostic imaging* ; Mice ; Male ; Nerve Net/diagnostic imaging* ; Macaca ; Female ; Neural Pathways/diagnostic imaging* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Biological Evolution ; Adult ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Brain Mapping ; Species Specificity ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

Objective:To compare the efficacy of O-arm navigation versus C-arm guidance for anterior internal fixation in the management of Anderson-D′Alonzo type II odontoid fractures.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 58 patients with Anderson-D′Alonzo type II odontoid fractures admitted to Zhengzhou Orthopedic Hospital between January 2017 and September 2024, including 35 males and 23 females, aged 18-57 years [(39.3±9.0)years]. Anderson-D′Alonzo type II fractures were further classified as type IIA in 25 patients and type IIB in 33. Twenty-seven patients underwent O-arm assisted anterior internal fixation (O-arm navigation group), while 31 received C-arm guided anterior internal fixation (C-arm guidance group). The two groups were compared in terms of the operative duration, intraoperative blood loss, success rate for one-time guidewire placement, and intraoperative radiation exposure (anteroposterior and lateral views). At 3 days postoperatively, screw placement accuracy was evaluated via CT in both groups. Additionally, neck disability index (NDI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were assessed preoperatively, at 1 week, 3 months postoperatively, and at the last follow-up. Bone union time and complication rate were also analyzed.Results:All the patients were followed up for 6-20 months [(13.1±3.4)months]. The O-arm navigation group exhibited significantly shorter operative duration [(91.1± 8.9)minutes] and less intraoperative blood loss [(38.9±8.2)ml], compared with (103.3±14.5)minutes and (47.3±9.1)ml in the C-arm guidance group ( P<0.01). The success rate for one-time guidewire placement was 100% (27/27) in the O-arm navigation group, significantly higher than 52% (16/31) in the C-arm guidance group ( P<0.01). Intraoperative radiation exposure for patients in the O-arm navigation group was lower in both anteroposterior view [(11 612.6±1 603.6)μSv] and lateral views [(29 738.2±6 602.5)μSv], compared with (40 638.0±9 431.9)μSv and (47 152.0±11 759.3)μSv in the C-arm guidance group ( P<0.01). CT scans at 3 days postoperatively revealed a 100% (27/27) screw placement accuracy in the O-arm navigation group, compared with 65% (20/31) in the C-arm guidance group ( P<0.01). Before operation, at 1 weeks and 3 months postoperatively, and at the last follow-up, NDI scores were (48.4±7.8)%, (21.0±3.1)%, (14.4±2.4)%, and (13.9±2.3)% in the O-arm navigation group, while they were (47.4±7.6)%, (20.9±3.2)%, (14.1±2.0)%, and (13.8±1.4)% in the C-arm guidance group ( P>0.05); VAS scores were 6.0(6.0, 7.0)points, 4.0(3.0, 4.0)points, 2.0(1.0, 2.0)points, and 2.0(1.0, 2.0)points in the O-arm navigation group, while they were 7.0(6.0, 7.0)points, 4.0(3.0, 5.0)points, 2.0(1.0, 3.0)points, and 2.0(2.0, 2.0)points in the C-arm guidance group ( P>0.05). The NDI and VAS scores in both groups were significantly improved at 1 weeks and 3 months postoperatively, and at the last follow-up compared to those preoperatively ( P<0.05), and were furtherly improved at 3 months postoperatively and at the last follow-up compared to those at 1 weeks postoperatively ( P<0.05), with no significant differences between those at 3 months postoperatively and at the last follow-up ( P>0.05). No significant difference was found in bone union time between the two groups ( P>0.05). The complication rate in the O-arm navigation group was 4% (1/27), lower than 29% (9/31) in the C-arm guidance group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with C-arm guidance, O-arm assisted anterior internal fixation for Anderson-D′Alonzo type II odontoid fractures can reduce operative duration and intraoperative blood loss, improve the success rate for one-time guidewire placement and screw accuracy, and decrease radiation exposure and complication rate.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of O-arm navigation-assisted and freehand posterior pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) associated with lower cervical fractures in adults.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 29 adult AS patients with lower cervical fractures admitted to Zhengzhou Orthopedic Hospital from June 2020 to September 2024, including 22 males and 7 females, aged 35-72 years [(52.3±11.1)years]. Injured segments involved C 5~6 in 6 patients, C 6 in 8, C 6~7 in 8, and C 7 in 7. Accirdubg to AO classification, the fracture was classified as type B3 in 22 patients and type C in 7. All the patients underwent posterior cervical pedicle screw fixation, among whom 15 patients were treated with navigation-assisted screw placement (navigation screw placement group, with 120 screws) and 14 with freehand technique (freehand screw placement group, with 112 screws). The two groups were compared in terms of the operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative drainage volume. The accuracy of screw placement, penetration rate of the pedicle cortex and fracture healing time were evaluated in the two groups. The Cobb angle before surgery and at 3 days after surgery and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) classification before surgery and at the last follow-up were recorded in the two groups. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score and neck dysfunction index (NDI) before surgery, at 1 week, 3 months after surgery and at the last follow-up were compared between the two groups. The incidence of postoperative complications was also investigated. Results:All the patients were followed up for 6-57 months [(29.3±14.1)months]. The operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative drainage volume were (166.0±31.4)minutes, (256.7±70.7)ml, and (91.0±14.4)ml in the navigation screw placement group, which were shorter or less than (219.29±31.7)minutes, (342.1±60.7)ml, and (123.2±20.7)ml in the freehand screw placement group ( P<0.01). The accuracy of screw placement in the navigation screw placement group was 98.3% (118/120) and penetration rate of the pedicle cortex was 5.8% (7/120), which were both superior to 89.3% (100/112) and 18.8% (21/112) in the freehand screw placement group ( P<0.01). No significant difference was detected in fracture healing time between the two groups ( P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the Cobb angle before surgery and at 3 days after surgery, as well as in the ASIA grading before surgery and at the last follow-up between the two groups ( P>0.05). The Cobb angle and ASIA classification at 3 days after surgery and at the last follow-up were improved compared with those before surgery ( P<0.05). Before surgery, at 1 week, 3 months after surgery, and at the last follow-up, the VAS scores were 8.0(7.0, 9.0)points, 4.0(3.0, 4.0)points, 2.0(1.0, 2.0)points, and 0.0(0.0, 1.0)points in the navigation screw placement group, which were not significantly different from 8.0(7.0, 9.0)points, 4.0(3.0, 4.0)points, 1.5(1.0, 2.0)points, and 0.0(0.0, 1.0)points in the freehand screw placement group ( P>0.05); the JOA scores were (7.5±1.4)points, (10.9±1.2)points, (13.2±1.5)points, and (15.7±1.0)points in the navigation screw placement group, which were not significantly different from (7.2±2.8)points, (10.1±3.2)points, (11.8±3.8)points, and (14.1±4.3)points in the freehand screw placement group ( P>0.05); the NDI were 48.0(44.0, 56.0)%, 30.0(30.0, 34.0)%, 18.0(16.0, 22.0)%, 8.0(6.0, 10.0)% in the navigation screw placement group, which were not significantly different from 44.0(40.0, 52.0)%, 30.0(29.0, 34.5)%, 17.0(16.0, 20.0)%, and 8.0(5.5, 10.0)% in the freehand screw placement group ( P>0.05). The VAS scores, JOA scores, and NDI were improved at 1 week, 3 months after surgery, and at the last follow-up in both groups, compared to those before surgery and they were gradually improved with the passage of the follow-up time ( P<0.05). One patient in the navigation screw placement group developed postoperative pulmonary infection and recovered after symptomatic treatment, with an incidence of complications 7% (1/15). Two patients in the freehand screw placement group had postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage and dural rupture and recovered after symptomatic treatment, with an incidence of complications 14% (2/14). Throughout the follow-up period, no complications such as screw breakage, implant loosening, or loss of correction were found in either group. Conclusion:Compared with freehand screw placement, the O-arm navigation system-assisted posterior pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of AS associated with lower cervical fractures in adults demonstrates significant advantages, including reduced operative time, decreased intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage volume, improved accuracy of screw placement, and reduced penetration rate of the pedicle cortex.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of whole-process visualization system-assisted pedicle screw internal fixation and free-hand pedicle screw internal fixation in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fracture (TLBF) without neurologic symptoms.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 64 patients with TLBF without neurologic symptoms admitted to Zhengzhou Orthopedic Hospital from December 2020 to October 2022, including 41 males and 23 females, aged 23-52 years [(42.1±6.6)years]. The injured vertebrae involved T 11 in 26 patients, T 12 in 17, L 1 in 12, and L 2 in 9. The Wiltse approach was used in all the patients, 31 of whom were treated with pedicle screw internal fixation assisted by the whole-process visualization system (visualization system-assisted screw placement group) and 33 of whom were treated with free-hand pedicle screw internal fixation (free-hand screw placement group). The two groups were compared in terms of operation time, single screw placement time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative total radiation dose and total length of hospital stay. The accuracy of pedicle screw placement and penetration rate of the pedicle cortex were evaluated in the two groups. The Cobb angle and lumbar visual analogue scale (VAS) before surgery, at 1 week, 3 months after surgery and at the last follow-up were compared between the two groups. The incidence of postoperative complications was also investigated. Results:All the patients were followed up for 10-33 months [(17.5±4.8)months]. The operation time was (106.9±11.8)minutes in the visualization system-assisted screw placement group, shorter than (121.3±11.4)minutes in the free-hand screw placement group ( P<0.01). The single screw placement time was (9.1±1.0)minutes in the visualization system-assisted screw placement group, shorter than (11.7±1.5)minutes in the free-hand screw placement group ( P<0.01). The total radiation dose was (10.4±2.4)mGy in the visualization system-assisted screw placement group, lower than (51.8±7.2)mGy in the screw placement group ( P<0.01). There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss or total length of hospital stay between the two groups ( P>0.05). The accuracy of pedicle screw placement was 96.6% (197/204) in the visualization system-assisted screw placement group, significantly higher than 89.3% (191/214) in the free-hand screw placement group ( P<0.01). Both groups showed significant improvements in Cobb angle and VAS scores at 1 week, 3 months after surgery, and at the last follow-up ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in Cobb angle or VAS scores between the two groups at each time point ( P>0.05). In the visualization system-assisted screw placement group, one patient had incision infection at 4 days after operation, which was cured with antibiotics. One patient in the free-hand screw placement group developed the symptoms of nerve root irritation at 2 days after surgery, which disappeared at 7 days after revision. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups ( P>0.05). During the follow-up, no patients had broken screws, loosening of internal fixation, or loss of correction in either group. Conclusions:Compared with free-hand pedicle screw internal fixation, the whole-process visualization system-assisted pedicle screw internal fixation in the treatment of TLBF without neurologic symptoms can shorten the time of operation and screw placement, reduce the radiation dose, and improve the accuracy of pedicle screw placement, suggesting that it is a safer and more effective auxiliary method for pedicle screw placement.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of three-dimensional visualization-assisted intermuscular versus conventional intermuscular cervical expansive open-door laminoplasty (CEOL) in the treatment of cervical spinal cord injury without fracture or dislocation (CSCIWFD).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 58 patients with CSCIWFD admitted to Zhengzhou Orthopedic Hospital from October 2021 to January 2024, including 39 males and 19 females, aged 36-77 years [(52.9±8.9)years]. Among them, 26 patients were treated with three-dimensional visualization-assisted intermuscular CEOL (three-dimensional visualization group), while 32 patients were treated with conventional intermuscular CEOL (conventional intermuscular group). All patients were treated with CEOL in 4 segments (C 3-C 6), comprising 104 surgical segments in the three-dimensional visualization group and 128 in the conventional intermuscular group. The following outcomes were compared between the two groups, including the operative duration, intraoperative blood loss, accuracy rate of open-door and hinge placement at the surgical levels, visual analogue scale (VAS) of the neck and shoulder and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score preoperatively, at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months postoperatively and at the last follow-up, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale preoperatively and at the last follow-up, and postoperative complication rate. Results:All patients were followed up for 12-24 months [(17.5±3.1)months]. The operative duration and intraoperative blood loss were (117.0±12.3)minutes and (151.3±30.9)ml in the three-dimensional visualization group, which were shorter or less than (131.9±15.0)minutes and (184.7±42.9)ml in the conventional intermuscular group ( P<0.01). The accuracy rate of open-door and hinge placement at the surgical levels was 94.2% (98/104) in the three-dimensional visualization group, significantly higher than 83.6% (107/128) in the conventional intermuscular group ( P<0.05). The VAS scores of the neck and shoulder preoperatively, at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months postoperatively, and at the last follow-up were 6.0(5.0, 7.0)points, 3.5(3.0, 4.0)points, 3.0(2.0, 3.0)points, 2.0(1.0, 3.0)points, 2.0(1.0, 2.3)points, and 2.0(1.0, 2.0)points in the three-dimensional visualization group, which were not statistically different from 5.0(4.3, 6.8)points, 4.0(3.0, 4.0)points, 3.0(2.0, 3.0)points, 2.0(1.3, 2.0)points, 2.0(1.0, 2.8)points, and 2.0(1.0, 2.0)points in the conventional intermuscular group ( P>0.05). The VAS scores of the neck and shoulder in the two groups were significantly decreased at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively from the preoperative values ( P<0.05), while they were stabilized at 6 months postoperatively and at the last follow-up compared with those at 3 months postoperatively, with no significant difference among them ( P>0.05). The JOA scores were (8.1±2.8)points, (10.0±2.6)points, (10.5±2.6)points, (11.6±2.3)points, (12.7±2.3)points, and (13.7±2.4)points in the three-dimensional visualization group, which were not statistically different from (8.8±2.2)points, (10.3±2.1)points, (10.8±2.0)points, (12.0±2.0)points, (12.9±2.0)points, and (13.8±2.1)points in the conventional intermuscular group ( P>0.05). The JOA scores of the two groups showed continuous improvement at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months postoperatively and at the last follow-up in comparison with the preoperatively values ( P<0.05). Although no significant difference was observed between the two groups in ASIA grade preoperatively and at the last follow-up ( P>0.05), the ASIA grade at the last follow-up was significantly improved compared with that before surgery in both groups ( P<0.05). The postoperative complication rate was 12% (3/26) in the three-dimensional visualization group, significantly lower than 38% (12/32) in the conventional intermuscular group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with the conventional intermuscular approach, the three-dimensional visualization-assisted intermuscular CEOL offers advantages in reducing surgical trauma, improving surgical precision, and lowering the postoperative complication rate in the treatment of CSCIWFD.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of pancreatic cancer surgery with arterial resection.Methods:The clinicopathological and follow-up data of 135 patients undergoing pancreatectomies with arterial resection in Pancreas Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from Sep 2013 to Dec 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:There were 77 males and 58 females, with age [ M( IQR)] of 63 (14) years old. Among the 135 patients, 122 (90.4%) were distal pancreatectomies, 8 (5.9%) were pancreaticoduodenectomies, 4 (3.0%) were total pancreatectomies and 1 (0.7%) was resection for local recurrence after distal pancreatectomy. There were 120 (88.9%) celiac axis resections, 11 (8.1%) hepatic artery resections, 1 (0.7%) superior mesenteric artery resection and 3 (2.2%) other artery resections. Simultaneous portal vein-superior mesenteric vein or organ resection accounted for 26.7% (36/135) and 29.6% (40/135),respectively. The median blood loss was 300 (300) ml and the median operation time was 275 (105) minutes. The 90-day mortality rate was 7.4% (10/135). The overall morbidity rate was 70.4% (95/135) while the major morbidity rate was 18.5% (25/135). Postoperative hemorrhage occurred in 8.9% (12/135), clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula in 57.0% (77/135), bile leak in 0.74% (1/135), delayed gastric emptying in 9.6% (13/135), liver failure in 3.7% (5/135) and transient liver enzyme elevation in 44.4% (60/135). All of the 135 cases were confirmed as pancreatic cancer histologically, including 54.6% (71/130) moderately differentiated, 45.4% (59/130) poorly differentiated and no for well differentiated. The median tumor size was 4.5 (2.3) cm. The median number of harvested lymph nodes was 14 (13) and the percentage of N0, N1 and N2 according to AJCC 8th staging system was 27.1% (36/133), 52.6% (70/133) and 20.3% (27/133), respectively. The R 0 resection was achieved in 40 of 123 cases (32.5%), whose margins of specimens were assessed circumferentially based on the 1mm rule. The median overall survival time (MST) after surgery was 22.5 months, and the median progress-free survival time was 16.1 months. The overall survival rate at 1-, 2- and 5-year was 71.5%, 45.1% and 11.3%, respectively. The MST of patients who received no adjuvant therapy, chemotherapy after surgery was 8.4 months, 25.3 months, respectively. Conclusions:Pancreatectomy with arterial resection is generally safe and feasible. Survival outcome improves significantly when combined with adjuvant chemotherapy.