Osteoarthritis (OA) causes chronic pain that significantly impairs quality of life, with current treatments often proving insufficient and accompanied by adverse effects. Recent research has identified the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and its resident macrophages as crucial mediators of chronic OA pain through neuroinflammation driven by macrophage polarization. We present a novel injectable thermo-sensitive hydrogel system, KAF@PLEL, designed to deliver an anti-inflammatory peptide (KAF) specifically to the DRG. This biodegradable hydrogel enables sustained KAF release, promoting the reprogramming of DRG macrophages from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Through comprehensive in vitro and in vivo studies, we evaluated the hydrogel's biocompatibility, effects on macrophage polarization, and therapeutic efficacy in chronic OA pain management. The system demonstrated significant capabilities in preserving macrophage mitochondrial function, suppressing neuroinflammation, alleviating chronic OA pain, reducing cartilage degradation, and improving motor function in OA rat models. The sustained-release properties of KAF@PLEL enabled prolonged therapeutic effects while minimizing systemic exposure and side effects. These findings suggest that KAF@PLEL represents a promising therapeutic approach for improving outcomes in OA patients through targeted, sustained treatment.

Small cell carcinoma of the prostate is a rare and highly malignant tumor of the urinary system. It is less common for prostate small cell carcinoma coexisting with bladder carcinoma. One such case was reported in this paper. The patient underwent ultrasound-guided transrectal prostate biopsy, and transurethral bladder endoscopy + bladder tumor electric resection. Postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry showed prostate small cell carcinoma accompanied by high-grade invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and small cell carcinoma. The patient underwent local bladder perfusion chemotherapy, relying on etoposide plus lobaplatin systemic chemotherapy and toripalimab immunotherapy. Prostate MRI, cystoscopy, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were performed 12 months after operation. The size of the lesions in the prostate and seminal vesicles had decreased, and there was a significant reduction in PSA levels. Additionally, no masses were detected in the bladder.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sodium hyaluronate gel in preventing adhesion after prophylactic enterostomy.Methods:One hundred and twenty four patients from 6 hospitals were enrolled in this prospective multi-center randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized into the study group ( n=59) or the control group ( n=65).All patients underwent prophylactic enterostomy. Patients of study group received odium hyaluronate gel for adhesion-prevention,while those in control group did not receive any adhesion-prevention treatment. The incidence of moderate to severe adhesion around the incision in the stoma area were evalutated during stoma reduction surgery. Results:The incidence of moderate to severe adhesion around the incision in the stoma area was 6.3% in the study group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) compared to that of the control group (32.6%). Conclusion:Sodium hyaluronate gel can safely and effectively reduce the incidence of moderate and severe adhesions after abdominal surgery.

Objective To discuss the reasons for and preventive methods of acute encephalocele during traumatic cerebral operation.Methods Retrospective analysis of 38 patients with acute encephalocele was made.Results The main cause of acute encephalocele were delayed intracranial hematomas,acute diffuse brain swelling,cerebral contusion and laceration in Sylvain tissue and ischemic anoxia.Conclusion Complete removal of hematoma and delayed hematoma,sufficient decompression and decrease of ICP are effective methods for prevention and treatment of acute encephalocele.

OBJECTIVE: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) is a chronic progressive degenerative disease selectively infringing upper and lower motoneurons, and its pathogeny and pathogenesis are unclear till now. Its researches are mainly relying on animal models. Currently, there are many methods for the establishment of ALS animal.model and each of them has its own characters,practicability and values.DATA SOURCES: Relative articles during the period from January 1980 to December 2003 were searched on the Medline database by the title of the article with the searching word "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, model" and the language of the articles was limited to English.STUDY SELECTION: Data were preliminarily screened for the selection of the literatures mainly regarding the researches of ALS animal models; and then literatures regarding the application of ALS animal model in medication effectiveness and pathogenesis were eliminated; the full texts of the rest literatures were searched as inclusive criteria.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 96articles searched with "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, model" in title were collected. Fifteen tests were in accordance with the inclusive criteria. In the eliminated 81 tests, 75 literatures were about the researches on the application of ALS model for medication observation and pathogenesis research, and the rest 6 articles were repetitive experiments.DATA SYNTHESIS: ALS neurotoxic animal model, immune mediated animal model, spontaneous animal model, and transgenic animal model were established in the selected literatures, which also investigated the mechanism, features, practicability and value of the animal model.CONCLUSION: The establishment of animal models simulated ALS symptoms or pathogenesis in the above literatures can be used in ALS disease researches as referencing model, which could provide animal experimental basis for the researches of ALS pathogenesis and the confirmation of therapy plan.

To investigate the therapeutic effects of Lipi Huatan Jiangzhi Tablet(LHJT),80 cases of hyperlipenda were landomly allocated to LHJT group(50) and lypanthy group(30) and single-blindedtrial was applied.Blood lipids(total cholesterol,triglyceride,high density lipoprotein,apoprotein A andapoprotein B),blood theology and free radicals(lipid peroxide, superotide dismutase and glutathionesuperokidase) were observed.The results showed that the regulatory effect on lipid medslism in LHJTgroup was better and more stable; blood theology, free radicals and the main symptoms were more improved as comapared with lypanthy group. Meanwhile,the total effective rate of LHJT for patients withspleen-deficiency and phlegm-stagnation syndrome was higher than that with other TCM syndromes(P