In modern society, sugary foods have become an integral part of many people′s lives. However, excessive sugar consumption has adverse effects on both overall health and oral health, serving as a contributing factor to the global increasing incidence in oral diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, obesity, and diabetes. In response to the health risks related to high-sugar diets, the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Dental Federation (FDI) have proposed initiatives and recommendations, with various governments implementing different policies and strategies to reduce sugar intake. Chinese government has also taken proactive measures. The "Healthy China Action (2019-2030)" initiative introduced by the State Council in 2019 established a crucial benchmark in limiting the average daily intake of added sugar to 25 g per person forward to 2030. Experts from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the field of oral health have meticulously examined the impacts of sugar reduction on oral health, as well as strategies, methods, and practical considerations related to reducing sugar intake through several meeting and wrote the "Expert consensus: reducing free-sugar for caries prevention", which was subsequently reviewed and revised based on the feedback from multiple stakeholders. They have conducted thorough analyses of global trends in sugar reduction and best practices to provide valuable insights to China for crafting effective policies and strategies on sugar reduction. This consensus mainly includes the classification of free sugars, the latest scientific evidence on dental caries, recommendations from WHO on sugar-sweetened beverage taxes, nutrition labeling, advertising, food reform, adjusting supply systems, education, and promotion strategies, as well as sugar reduction actions taken by various governments around the world. Combining the actual situation in China, policy recommendations and authoritative popular science knowledge on sugar reduction for caries prevention to public are proposed to advocate for experts in multiple fields to focus on sugar reduction for caries prevention, promote the work process, and provide the scientific basis for oral health educators.

In modern society, sugary foods have become an integral part of many people′s lives. However, excessive sugar consumption has adverse effects on both overall health and oral health, serving as a contributing factor to the global increasing incidence in oral diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, obesity, and diabetes. In response to the health risks related to high-sugar diets, the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Dental Federation (FDI) have proposed initiatives and recommendations, with various governments implementing different policies and strategies to reduce sugar intake. Chinese government has also taken proactive measures. The "Healthy China Action (2019-2030)" initiative introduced by the State Council in 2019 established a crucial benchmark in limiting the average daily intake of added sugar to 25 g per person forward to 2030. Experts from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the field of oral health have meticulously examined the impacts of sugar reduction on oral health, as well as strategies, methods, and practical considerations related to reducing sugar intake through several meeting and wrote the "Expert consensus: reducing free-sugar for caries prevention", which was subsequently reviewed and revised based on the feedback from multiple stakeholders. They have conducted thorough analyses of global trends in sugar reduction and best practices to provide valuable insights to China for crafting effective policies and strategies on sugar reduction. This consensus mainly includes the classification of free sugars, the latest scientific evidence on dental caries, recommendations from WHO on sugar-sweetened beverage taxes, nutrition labeling, advertising, food reform, adjusting supply systems, education, and promotion strategies, as well as sugar reduction actions taken by various governments around the world. Combining the actual situation in China, policy recommendations and authoritative popular science knowledge on sugar reduction for caries prevention to public are proposed to advocate for experts in multiple fields to focus on sugar reduction for caries prevention, promote the work process, and provide the scientific basis for oral health educators.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of dental caries of 4-year-old children in Miyun District of Beijing by international caries detection and assessment system(ICDAS),to detect the caries activity Cariostat value and to analyze the correlation between the Cariostat value and dental caries.Methods:Totally 815 children aged 4 years in 7 kindergartens in Miyun District of Beijing were recrui-ted.The clinical examination of all children was conducted by one examiner using ICDAS.The oral de-birs and plaques were collected by one doctor who recorded the Cariostat scores.The results of clinical examination were compared between genders.At the same time,the prevalence of dental caries,the mean d3-6ft/d3_6fs and d1-6ft/d1-6fs among high Cariostat scores group(2.0-3.0),medium Cariostat scores group(1.5)and low Cariostat scores group(0-1.0)were compared.The distributions of incipi-ent caries in different Cariostat scores groups were compared among children with incipient caries only.Results:All the children had incipient caries,and 78.3％of the children had cavitated caries with ICDAS score of 3 or above.The mean d1-2t scores were 9.76±3.65,the mean d3-6ft scores was 4.64±4.43 and the mean d1-6ft scores were 14.41±3.42.The incipient caries with ICDAS score of 1-2 were widely distributed,accounting for 67.7％of the total numbers of caries.There was no significant diffe-rence in caries prevalence and caries experience between genders(P＞0.05).The proportion of children with high Cariostat scores in boys(43.6％)was higher than that in girls(33％)and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).With the increase of Cariostat scores,the prevalence of cavitated caries,the mean d3-6ft/d3-6fs and d1-6ft/d,_6fs scores in children was on the increase and the difference among the three groups was statistically significant(P＜0.05).For children with incipient caries only,the distribution of incipient caries in different Cariostat scores groups was no significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion:ICDAS can detect early enamel demineralization of deciduous teeth in children.The prevalence of dental caries among 815 4-year-old children in Miyun District of Beijing is more serious,and incipient caries is widely distributed in children.Cariostat value reflects the status of cavi-tated caries and has no correlation with the distribution of incipient caries.Therefore,the combined ap-plication of ICDAS and Cariostat caries activity detection method is helpful for the detection of incipient caries and screening of caries high-risk children,which has great significance for the comprehensive ma-nagement of caries in children and the formulation of early preventive measures.

Objective:To assess the prevalence of dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) and related factors in urban adults in China.Methods:The study was designed as an observational, cross-sectional epidemiological study carried out in adults aged 18-69 years old in seven cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan, Chengdu, Xi′an, Guangzhou, and Harbin) of China. The study was conducted from March 2021 to May 2023. Patients were required to complete a questionnaire regarding the subjects′ socio-economic factors, dietary behavior, oral health behavior and personal antecedent factors. DH was clinically diagnosed by judging whether the tooth cold air stimulation provoked DH or not, and recorded by investigator pain rating Schiff score. Compare the findings of six cities (Harbin excluded) with a similar study conducted in 2008.Results:In total, 11 622 subjects from seven cities in China participated the study. Fifty two point two percent (6 072/11 622) of subjects reported DH in questionnaire, 36.7% (4 266/11 622) of subjects reported experiencing DH in response to cold air stimulation for at least one study tooth. Risk factors including age, sex, city, toothbrush method and acid reflux showed marked associations with DH ( P<0.05). The prevalence of DH of urban residents in six cities (Harbin excluded) was 33.7% (3 335/9 882), higher than that in 2008 [29.7%(2 354/7 939)]. Conclusions:Overall, DH was common among urban adults in China and the prevalence increased in recent years. Better understanding of DH and its associated factors should be considered in its prevention and management by dental professionals.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pulmonary complications often lead to increased mortality and financial burden. Residual paralysis plays a critical role in postoperative pulmonary complications. This meta-analysis was performed to determine whether sugammadex overmatches neostigmine in reducing postoperative pulmonary complications. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Medline through Ovid, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese BioMedical Literature Databases were searched from their inception to 24 June, 2021. Random effects models were used for all analyses. Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of RCTs, while Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to assess for the quality of cohort studies. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled data from cohort studies showed reversing neuromuscular blocking with sugammadex had less risk of compound postoperative pulmonary complications (relative risk [RR]: 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60-0.89; P  = 0.002; I2  = 81%), pneumonia (RR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.48-0.86; I2  = 42%) and respiratory failure (RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.41-0.56; I2  = 0%). However, pooled data from RCTs did not show any difference between the two groups in pneumonia (RR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.24-1.40; I2  = 0%) and no respiratory failure was reported in the included RCTs. The difference was not found between sugammadex and neostigmine about atelectasis in pooled data from either RCTs (RR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.69-1.05; I2  = 0%) or cohort studies (RR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.87-1.18; I2  = 0%). CONCLUSION: The evidence of superiority of sugammadex was limited by the confounding factors in cohort studies and small scale of RCTs. Whether sugammadex precedes neostigmine in preventing pulmonary complications after surgery is still unknown. Well-designed RCTs with large scale are needed. REGISTRATION PROSPERO ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ ); CRD 42020191575.
Humans ; Sugammadex/therapeutic use* ; Neostigmine/therapeutic use* ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control* ; Pneumonia ; Respiratory Insufficiency

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sodium hyaluronate gel in preventing adhesion after prophylactic enterostomy.Methods:One hundred and twenty four patients from 6 hospitals were enrolled in this prospective multi-center randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized into the study group ( n=59) or the control group ( n=65).All patients underwent prophylactic enterostomy. Patients of study group received odium hyaluronate gel for adhesion-prevention,while those in control group did not receive any adhesion-prevention treatment. The incidence of moderate to severe adhesion around the incision in the stoma area were evalutated during stoma reduction surgery. Results:The incidence of moderate to severe adhesion around the incision in the stoma area was 6.3% in the study group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) compared to that of the control group (32.6%). Conclusion:Sodium hyaluronate gel can safely and effectively reduce the incidence of moderate and severe adhesions after abdominal surgery.

Objective:To understand the oral health status of urban and rural residents in China,the Fourth National Oral Health Epidemiological Survey (FNOHES) was conducted in 2015.Materials and methods:Based on the principles of multi-stage,stratified,equal capacity,and random sampling,the subjects included five groups of residents aged 3-5,12-15,35-44,55-64,and 65-74 years in all 31 provinces,municipalities,and autonomous regions except Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan.The total sample size was 172,425.The survey covered two areas,namely oral health status and knowledge,attitude and oral health behavior.Results:Residents in China had serious caries and poor periodontal condition.The prevalence of caries was above 50％ in all age groups,subjects without periodontal disease accounted for ＜50％,and fewer than 50％ of subjects brushed their teeth twice a day.Based on the results of the FNOHES,the following suggestions were proposed for improving the oral health in China in the future:to establish and improve the comprehensive prevention and control system for oral diseases,implement a comprehensive prevention and control strategy for priority groups,strengthen the oral health education for all people to improve oral health literacy,enhance dynamic monitoring to scientifically evaluate oral health status,and coordinate multi-party resources to establish and improve the oral health service security system.Conclusion:The oral health status of Chinese residents and their oral health behavior habits need to be improved.With the support of the administrative departments of the government and unremitting efforts of the oral health staff,all sectors of society must be coordinated to strengthen oral health education for the whole population.Furthermore,comprehensive prevention and control measures must be implemented for priority groups.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the caries prevention effectiveness of a resin-based sealant and a glass ionomer sealant on permanent first molars in 7- to 9-years-old school children. Methods: A randomized controlled, examiner-blinded, 5-year clinical trial was conducted in 19 primary schools in Dalian, Liaoning province. Totally 419 children (with 664 first molars) who had at least one sound permanent first molar with deep fissures or fissures with signs of non-cavitated lesions were recruited and stratified and allocated randomly into three parallel groups. A resin-based sealant was used in Group R (136 children with 219 first molars) and a glass ionomer sealant was used in Group G (130 children with 218 first molars). The third group (Group N, 153 children with 227 first molars) with none of the two sealants applied was served as blank control. Follow-up examinations were conducted at 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 years after sealing in order to assess the retention of the sealants and the incidence of caries occurrence. Chi-square test was adopted to compare the differences of caries incidence among the 3 groups. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) was used to analyze the effective factors of caries incidence. Results: During the 5-year follow-up period, 13.4% (23/172) of the teeth in Group R, 22.5% (40/178) of the teeth in Group G and 34.5% (57/165) of the teeth in Group N were diagnosed as having developed cavitated lesions. And the differences in the incidence of caries among the three groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). According to GEE, the resin-based sealant and the glass ionomer sealant were found to be the protection factors and the non-cavitated lesion before sealing was found to be the risk factor. The resin-based sealant was found to be the protection factor to the glass ionomer sealant when the blank control group was removed. Conclusions Both resin-based sealant and glass ionomer sealant could effectively prevent the permanent first molars from the occurrence of carious lesions in 5 years. The resin-based sealant was superior to the glass ionomer sealant in caries prevention.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and related factors of dental caries in 3-year-old children in the Development District in Dalian.Methods:A multi-stage,randomized,cluster sampling method was used in the cross-sectional study.All 3-year-old children in the selected 15 kindergartens were invited to take part in the oral health examination conducted by 3 calibrated examiners.The WHO recommended caries diagnosis criteria were used.The structured questionnaire including the information of children's oral hygiene habits,dietary habits,parents' oral health knowledge and socioeconomic status was completed by the parents.Results:1 220 3-year-old children completed the clinical oral examination and 964 children's parents(79.0％) finished the questionnaire.The caries prevalence in 3-year-old children was 62.8％,and the mean dmft and dmfs scores were 3.40 and 7.34,respectively.No differences in the prevalence of caries,mean dmft and dmfs scores were found between boys and girls(P ＞0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the frequency of sweets and sugar-containing beverages consumption(P＜0.05),parents'education level(P＜0.05) were significantly related to the caries prevalence.Conclusion:The prevalence and severity of dental caries in 3-year-old children in Dalian Development District were high and the frequency of consumption sugar-containing foods and beverages,parents'education level were related to the decay prevalence.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of resin-based sealants and glass ionomer sealants on caries prevention in the first permanent molars.Methods A randomized controlled,examiner-blinded,2-year clinical trial with parallel groups was conducted.A total of 419 children(664 first molars) who had at least one sound first permanent molar with deep fissures or fissures with signs of non-cavitated lesions were recruited.They were randomly allocated into three groups.Helioseal F,a light-cured resin-based sealants was used in group R (136 children with 219 first molars).FUJI Ⅶ,a light-cured glass ionomer sealants was used in group G(130 children with 218 first molars) and group N (153 children with 227 first molars) was blank control.Follow-up examinations were conducted at 6,12,and 24 month after sealing to examine the sealants retention and caries incidence.Chi-square test was used to compare the differences of caries incidence among the 3 groups.Generalized estimating equations (GEE) was used to analyze the effective factors of caries incidence.Results During the 2-year follow-up period,3.0％(6/197) of the teeth in group R,6.7％ (13/193) of the teeth in group G,and 14.7％ (29/197) of the teeth in group N were diagnosed as having developed a cavitated lesion.The difference in the incidence of caries among the three groups was significant (P ＜ 0.05).No significant difference in caries incidence was found between group R and group G (P ＞ 0.05).The tooth-level preventive fractions were 79.6％ for resin-based sealants and 54.4％ for glass ionomer sealants,respectively.Conclusions Both resin-based sealants and glass ionomer sealants can effectively prevent the incidence of caries in the first permanent molars.The two sealants have similar caries prevention effect