Objective: To construct a scientific and perfect evaluation index system of infectious disease prevention and control ability in colleges and universities, so as to provide reference tools for colleges and universities to effectively respond to infectious disease. Methods: The initial framework of the evaluation index system of infectious disease prevention and control ability in colleges and universities was constructed by using literature analysis method. Experts familiar with infectious disease prevention and control or school health work were selected to conduct two rounds( n =16，18) of Delphi expert consultation for determining the evaluation index system. Analytical hierarchy process was used to calculate the index weights and combined weights. About 198 prevention and control personnel were conveniently selected from 3 universities in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to comprehensively evaluate the evaluation indicators by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Results: After two rounds of Delphi consultation questionnaire, the effective recovery rates were 80.0% and 90.0%, the expert authority levels were 0.89 and 0.86, the expert harmony coefficients for Kendall W were 0.166 and 0.310, and the variation coefficient of each index was <0.25. Finally, the evaluation index system of infectious disease prevention and control ability of colleges and universities included 4 first level indicators, 14 second level indicators and 75 third level indicators. The weights of prevention and monitoring and early warning, organizational system guarantee, emergency management, rehabilitation and summary were 0.176, 0.476, 0.268 and 0.080, respectively. The top 3 weights of the secondary indexes were 0.623 for infectious disease surveillance and early warning, 0.595 for loss assessment and 0.370 for emergency response. The score of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the index system of infectious disease prevention and control ability in colleges and universities was 79.148, suggesting a high level. Conclusion The established evaluation index system of infectious disease prevention and control ability in colleges and universities is scientific and reasonable, which is conducive to provide tool reference for the evaluation of infectious disease prevention and control ability in colleges and universities.

Objective To investigate the radioactivity levels of total α and total β in drinking water in nine districts of Chongqing City from 2019 to 2021, and to provide reference for the risk monitoring of drinking water in the metropolitan areas of Chongqing. Methods The total α and total β radioactivity levels in water samples were determined by the comparative measurement method and the thin source deposit method in GB/T5750.13-2006 ^“Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water-Radiological Parameters^”. The monitoring results were assessed according to GB5749-2006 ^“Standards for Drinking Water Quality^” and the fourth edition of the WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. Results From 2019 to 2021, the total α activity concentration of the water samples measured in the nine districts of metropolitan Chongqing ranged from 0.002 to 0.039 Bq /L, and the total β activity concentration ranged from 0.015 to 0.190 Bq /L. There was no significant difference in the activity concentration (tα=0.545, Pα=0.591; tβ=-1.438, Pβ=0.163>0.05). From 2019 to 2021, the average value of total α radioactivity decreased year by year and its activity value was relatively low, indicating a low health risk. However, the average value of total β radioactivity increased year by year, which should be paid attention to. Conclusion The total α and total β radioactivity in water samples measured in the present study are lower than the standard recommended limits. The estimated annual average effective dose of radiation caused by drinking water is 0.005-0.010 mSv, which is lower than the limit of 0.1 mSv recommended by WHO, and this radioactivity level will not have an impact on the health of residents. However, the total β radioactivity level of the monitoring points in Banan and Shapingba is relatively high compared to other jurisdictions, and further tracking and monitoring should be carried out.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma patients with positive EGFR mutations detected in pleural effusion.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics including gender,age,smoking history,presence of other underlying diseases(such as COPD,cardiovascular disease,and diabetes),site of pleural fluid,feature of pleural fluid,and TNM stage in patients with lung adenocar-cinoma who had been admitted to the first Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from 2020.01 to 2022.12 for the first time by the detection of EGFR mutation positive in pleural effusion.The data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS 26.0 software.Results A total of 126 patients were screened for enrollment,including 61 patients(48.41%)with EGFR exon 19 deletion mutation(19del),56 patients(44.44%)with exon 21 L858R mutation(21L858R),and 9 patients(7.14%)with non-classical mutations.Univariate analysis showed that the three muta-tion subtypes were statistically significant in terms of gender,age,smoking history,and presence of COPD(P<0.05 for all comparisons),but not in terms of pleural fluid site,feature of pleural fluid,tumor size,and presence of cardiovascular disease,diabetes mellitus,presence of distant metastases,and mediastinal lymph node metastases(P>0.05 for all comparisons);Multivariate analysis showed that 21 L858R mutation was more likely to be found in male,older age,non-smoking,and presence of COPD than 19del mutation;non-classical mutation was more likely to be found in male than 19del mutation.Conclusions There are significant differences among the three mutation subtypes in sex,age,smoking history,and presence of COPD,but not in pleural fluid location,feature of pleural fluid,tumor size,presence of cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus,presence of distant metastases,or medias-tinal lymph node metastases;Among lung adenocarcinoma patients with positive EGFR mutations in pleural fluid,21 L858R mutation mostly occurs in male,older age,non-smokers,and those complicated with COPD,while non-classical mutation mainly develops in male.However,more case studies are needed to confirm the above conclusions.

ObjectiveTo explore the method of optimizing the performance of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome diagnostic models using Stacking ensemble learning. MethodsTaking the construction of TCM syndrome diagnostic model for lung cancer as an example， 2598 cases of clinical symptoms and signs from lung cancer patients in 9 hospitals were used as independent variables （i.e.， feature variables）， TCM syndrome information as dependent variables， and the clinical data were divided into training set and testing set in 8：2 ratio according to random number table method using Python 3.7 software. The stable features of TCM syndrome of lung cancer were screened using chi-square test， Spearman's correlation test， and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator （LASSO） logistic regression analysis； nine machine learning algorithms are trained， including support vector machines （SVMs）， k-nearest neighbors （KNN） algorithm， Random Forest （RF）， Extremely Randomized Trees， Extreme Gradient Boosting （XGBoost）， Lightweight Gradient Boosting （LightGBM）， Adaptive Boosting （AdaBoost）， Gradient Boosting （GB） and the multi-layer perceptron （MLP）， to obtain 9 basic models. Four models with better performance were screened out from the above basic models and fused to form a fusion model by using the Stacking ensemble learning， and the fusion model was trained twice by the above nine machine learning algorithms and evaluated by accuracy rate， micro-average ROC curves， area under the curve （AUC）， and confusion matrix metrics， to screen the optimal diagnostic model. ResultsAfter data processing， 79 stable features and 13 TCM syndromes were obtained. In the basic model training， the comprehensive performance of RF， ExtraTrees， MLP and SVM basic models were better， so the predicted distributions of the syndromes of these four models were used as the secondary training data， and nine fusion models were obtained based on the Stacking ensemble learning （SVM， KNN， RF， ExtraTree， XGBoost， LightGBM， GB， AdaBoost， MLP）. Among them， the XGBoost fusion model performed the best， with an accuracy of 0.850 and 0.838 in the training set and test set， respectively， an overfitting difference of 0.012， and an area under the micro-average ROC curve of 0.996. All fusion models showed an improvement in accuracy and area under the micro-average ROC curve compared with the base model in the test set. ConclusionTaking the TCM syndrome information of lung cancer as an example， the XGBoost fusion model has significant advantages in improving the diagnostic performance of TCM syndrome information of lung cancer through Stacking ensemble learning. It can be seen that the advantages of Stacking ensemble learning to integrate multiple models and effectively improve the diagnostic efficiency of TCM diagnostic models， which provided a methodological reference for similar studies.

Objective: To understand the oral health status and associated factors of preschool children with disabilities in Bengbu City, so as to provide evidence for preventing dental caries in children with disabilities. Methods: From September 2021 to March 2022, a total of 405 preschool children with disabilities from two rehabilitation institutions in Bengbu were randomly selected for oral health examination, questionnaire survey and physical examination. The caries prevalence rate among disabled children was analyzed. After grouping based on childrens BMI, the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and dental caries among children was explored. Multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the factors associated with dental caries occurrence in children. Results: The prevalence of dental caries in preschool children with disabilities was 74.07%, with rates of 71.01% for boys and 77.27% for girls. There was a significant difference in caries prevalence between boys and girls aged 5（66.67%，88.24%） (χ2=7.53, P<0.05). There were significant differences in the dmft index among different BMI groups (underweight: 240, normal weight: 606, overweight:30,obese:60,H=35.66,P<0.05). BMI was negatively correlated with dmft（r=-0.50，P＜0.01）. Frequent tooth brushing (2-3 times daily), the use of fluoride toothpaste, limited intake of sugary foods (< 2 times/d) in the past six months, and exclusively breastfeeding within first six months were negatively correlated with the occurrence of dental caries in disabled children (OR=0.09，0.41，0.24, P＜0.05). Sleep forward to eat，parental education level of junior high school or lower, and parental education of vocational school or high school were positively correlated with dental caries (OR=3.18，5.95，3.99，66.95，7.75，P＜0.05). Conclusions The caries prevalence rate of disabled children in Bengbu City is high and is influenced by multiple factors. It is time to strengthen the oral health training for parents and teachers in educational institutions, pay attention to childrens oral health care, and help disabled children improve their quality of life.

Currently,electroencephalogram(EEG),functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS),and functional magnetic resonance imaging have been widely studied and applied to neuropsychiatric disorders.In recent years,the devices which can realize the simultaneous acquisition of EEG and fNIRS has been developed and gradually applied in the studies on neuropsychiatric disorders.The review provides an introduction of the techniques of synchronized detection and data analysis for EEG-fNIRS,summarizes the analysis methods and new findings of the recent studies of stroke,epilepsy,and other neuropsychiatric disorders using EEG-fNIRS,and also discusses the future research directions.

Objective:To evaluate postoperative biochemical and clinical remission rates in patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism and analyze related influencing factors.Methods:A total of 406 patients of primary aldosteronism with confirmed subtyping, who underwent adrenalectomy and completed follow-up in the Department of Endocrinology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from November 2013 to March 2022 were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical and biochemical data were recorded. Postoperative clinical and biochemical outcomes were assessed according to Primary Aldosteronism Surgery Outcome(PASO) consensus.Results:Complete biochemical success was achieved in 391(96.31%) of 406 primary aldosteronism patients, while partial and absent biochemical success in only 4(0.99%) and 11(2.71%) primary aldosteronism patients; Complete clinical success was seen in 217(53.45%) patients, and partial clinical success in 189(46.55%) patients. Compared to the partial clinical success group, the complete clinical success group was younger, had a greater proportion of women, a smaller body mass index, a shorter duration of hypertension, a smaller daily defined dose value for antihypertensive medication, a higher estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR), and a lower proportion of family history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis further showed that gender( OR=2.49, 95% CI 1.42-4.35, P=0.001), body mass index( OR=1.16, 95% CI 1.05-1.28, P=0.003), antihypertensive drug daily defined dose( OR=1.83, 95% CI 1.37-2.44, P<0.001), family history of hypertension( OR=2.16, 95% CI 1.22-3.83, P=0.008), history of diabetes( OR=2.47, 95% CI 1.15-5.29, P=0.021), and eGFR( OR=0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99, P=0.001) were independent factors influencing clinical prognosis of primary aldosteronism. Conclusion:The postoperative complete biochemical success is higher in patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism, but only about half of all patients achieve complete clinical success.

Objective To summarize and analyze the difficulties and key points in the measurement of gross α and gross β radioactivity in water based on the results of national measurement capability comparison assessment, and provide the basis and reference for the future work and the development of new local standards. Methods The research team participated in the comparison assessment for measurement of the gross radioactivity in water samples organized by National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. According to the comparison assessment results and the content in the national standard GB/T 5750.13—2023 (published draft), the steps of spike recovery involved during the measurement were analyzed and discussed. Two different formulas used for spike recovery calculation were analyzed for their impact on the final measurement results. Results When the spike recovery F_(derived) derived from the formulas was used for result calculation, the spike recovery ranged as follows: gross α: 63.00%−84.60%, and gross β: 95.0%−99.1%; 3/6 of the comparison results were determined as excellent and 3/6 as pass as a whole (among them, 4 were excellent and 2 were pass for both single gross α assessment items and single gross β assessment items). When the spike recovery F from the GB/T 5750.13—2023 (published draft) was used for result calculation, the spike recovery ranged as follows: gross α: 39.69%−71.57%, and gross β: 90.25%−98.21%; 5/6 of the comparison results were determined as fail and 1/6 as pass (among them, 5 were fail and 1 was pass for single gross α assessment items; 5 were excellent and 1 was pass for single gross β assessment items). When two different formulas were used for spike recovery calculation, there was a significant difference in gross α radioactivity measurement (t = 4.27, P = 0.03 < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in gross β radioactivity measurement (t = 0.667, P = 0.524 > 0.05). Conclusion In the measurement of gross α and gross β radioactivity in water, appropriate reference to the spike recovery has a great influence on the measurement results. Therefore, quality control should be strengthened to further ensure the accuracy of measurement.

Objective To systematically analyze the effect of virtual reality(VR)and augmented reality(AR)on cognition,emotion and adaptive behavior in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder(ASD). Methods The randomized controlled trials(RCT)about the effect of VR or AR interventions on cognition,emotion and adaptive behavior in children and adolescents with ASD were retrieved from databases of PubMed,Cochrane Li-brary,Embase,Web of Science,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang data from January,2008 to August,2024,and a system-atic review was conducted. Results Nine RCT from China,Italy,Spain,Iran and the United Kingdom,involving a total of 384 participants,were in-cluded,published between 2016 and 2024.Participants aged two to 15 years.The approaches included VR im-mersive headsets,Xbox 360 Kinect game consoles,CAVE-style immersive virtual environments and AR;cov-ered daily life scenario experiences,cognitive and social scenario training,and emotion recognition tasks.Out-come measures involved cognitive function,emotional function,attention,memory,basic interpersonal communi-cation and adaptive behavior.Interventions typically lasted 15 to 60 minutes a time,one to three times a week,for three to 24 weeks.VR-based training improved overall cognition,emotion recognition,emotional control and expression,basic interpersonal communication and adaptive behavior;while AR-based training improved execu-tive function,spatial orientation,task focus and memory. Conclusion VR and AR are effective on overall cognitive function,emotional function,attention,memory,basic inter-personal communication and adaptive behavior in ASD children and adolescents.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of lumbar cisterna drainage(LCD) in treating paraplegia after thoracic endovascular aortic repair(TEVAR) for acute aortic dissection.Methods:A retrospective descriptive study was used to analyze 4 patients with aortic dissection who developed paraplegia after transthoracic aortic stent graft repair (TEVAR) admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from May 2015 to May 2022. There were 3 males and 1 females, aged between 38 and 65 years old. All patients with paraplegia after TEVAR were treated with LCD. Follow-up was carried out by outpatient and telephone for 12 months. The imaging indicators and clinical efficacy were observed.Results:Two patients were fully recovered before discharge, one patient was completely recovered by about 3 months after surgery, and one patient still had reduced sensation and grade 4 muscle strength at 12 months of follow-up. The CT angiography of all 4 patients did not show any evidence of endoleak, and there was no enlargement of the distal dissecting aneurysm.Conclusion:Lumbar cisterna drainage can alleviate or cure paraplegia caused by spinal cord ischemia after TEVAR for acute aortic dissection.